Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: Far North
Other Sources:
Hollyman, K. J. 1962. "Première esquisse de la phonologie du caaqac," Te Reo 5, 41-51. WPF
Consonant system:
p phmb t̪ t̪h n̪d̪ c chñɟ k khŋɡ
̱v ɣ h m m̥̥ n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥ l̪ r
Stops:p phmb t̪ t̪h n̪d̪ c chñɟ k khŋɡ
Fricatives:v ɣ h
Nasals:m m̥̥ n̪ n̪̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥
Laterals:l̪
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:cʷ p phmb m m̥
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i y e ø
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ v̄̃ all but y ø
Nasal Vowels:v̄̃ u a
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3402
Language:Yuaga
Alternate Name:Nua
Location:N New Caledonia
Population:350
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: Far North
Other Sources:
Haudricourt, André G. 1971. "New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands," CTIL 8, 359-96. AL 6:9
Consonant system:
p phmb t̪ t̪hn̪d̪ ṭ ṭhṇḍ c ch ñɟ k khŋɡ
θ h m m̥ n̪ n̪̥ ṇ ṇ̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥ ḷ
Stops:p phmb t̪ t̪hn̪d̪ ṭ ṭhṇḍ c ch ñɟ k khŋɡ
Fricatives:θ h
Nasals:m m̥ n̪ n̪̥ ṇ ṇ̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥
Laterals:ḷ
Modified Consonants:cʷ p phmb m m̥
Glides:w w̥
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Long Vowels:v̄
Nasal Vowels:ṽ
Pronouns:
1 4die 4tie 4ie 2 5d 5t 5 3 6d 6t 6
Syntax:VSO N-POSS
Number:3403
Language:Pwapwa
Location:NC New Caledonia
Population:150
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: North
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3404
Language:Pwaamei
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: North
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3405
Language:Hmwaveke
Dialect:Wamoang. 'Aeke
Location:NC New Caledonia
Population:300 ((+)c. 1050)
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: North
Other Sources:
AL 6:9 WPF
Consonant system:
p ph b t th d ḍ k kh ɡ ts dz f v θ ð s x xh m m̥ n n̥ ñ ŋ l l̥
Stops:p ph b t th d ḍ k kh ɡ
Affricates:ts dz
Fricatives:f v θ ð s x xh
Nasals:m m̥ n n̥ ñ ŋ
Laterals:l l̥
Glides:w w̥
Tones:hi lo
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3406
Language:Jawe
Location:New Caledonia
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: North
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3407
Language:Nemi
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: North
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3408
Language:Fwai
Alternate Name:Poai
Location:NC New Caledonia
Population:700
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: North
Other Sources:
Haudricourt, André G. 1971. "New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands," CTIL 8, 359-96. Rivierre, Françoise. 1975. "Phonologie du némi (Nouvelle Calédonie) et notes sur les consonnes postnasalisées," BSLP 70, 345-56. AL 6:9 WPF
Consonant system:
p phmb t thnd c ñɟ k khŋɡ ʔ
f v s h h̃ m m̥̥ n n̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ (l) (l̥)
Stops:p phmb t thnd c ñɟ k khŋɡ ʔ
Fricatives:f v s h h̃
Nasals:m m̥̥ n n̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ
Laterals:(l) (l̥)
Modified Consonants:
cʷ p (ph) mb pm m m̥ hcN(postnas) p t c k
Glides:j j̥ w w̥ w̃
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Stress:final
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:N-POSS
Number:3409
Language:Pije
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: North
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3410
Language:Cemuhi
Alternate Name:Camuki
Location:NC New Caledonia
Population:1,200
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: Central
Other Sources:
Haudricourt , A. G. 1968. "La langue de Gomen et la langue de Touho en Nouvelle Calédonie," BSLP 63, 218-35. Haudricourt, André G. 1971 "New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands," CTIL 8, 359-96. AL 6:9 WALS WPF
Consonant system:
p mb t nd c ñɟ k ŋɡ
h̃ m n ñ ŋ l
Stops:p mb t nd c ñɟ k ŋɡ
Fricatives:h̃
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Modified Consonants:
cʷ p mb m (ch̃(aspirate postnas) p t c k "The aspirate postnasalized series are still pronounced by a few old persons, but in general all these phonemes have become merged into h followed by a nasal vowel." Haudricourt 1971, p.370)
Glides:w
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Long Vowels:v̄
Nasal Vowels:ṽ
Tones:hi mid low
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:VOS
Number:3411
Language:Paici
Alternate Name:Pati
Location:C New Caledonia
Population:2,000
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Northern: Central
Other Sources:
Haudricourt, André G. 1971 "New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands," CTIL 8, 359-96. Rivierre, Jean-Claude. 1974. "Tons et segments du discours en langue paicḭ (Nouvelle Calédonie)," BSLP 69, 325-40. WPF
Consonant system:
p mb t nd c ñɟ k ŋɡ
h̃ m n ñ ŋ l r
Stops:p mb t nd c ñɟ k ŋɡ
Fricatives:h̃
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:cʷ p mb m
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:ɨ ǝ ɐ a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Long Vowels:v̄
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all but ɛ ɐ ɔ
Syllable:(C)V
Tones:hi mid low
Articles:def
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:VSO NA NG N-POSS
Number:3412
Language:Arho
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Other Sources:WP
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3413
Language:Arha
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3414
Language:Ajie
Alternate Name:Anjie
Location:SC New Caledonia
Population:4,500
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Grammar:GD: Leenhardt, Maurice. 1935. Vocabulaire et grammaire de la langue houaıɽlow. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie.
Other Sources:
Haudricourt, André G. 1971. "New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands," CTIL 8, 359-96. Kasarhérou, Jacqueline. 1961. "Prosodèmes de la langue mélanésienne de Houaı̈low," BSLP 56, 181-201. La Fontinelle, Jacqueline de. 1971. "Phonologie de l'adjië (Nouvelle Calédonie), " in La dénomination des couleurs chez les Mbay de Moı̈ssala, by Jean-Pierre Caprile, Paris, SELAF, 132-5.
Consonant system:
p mb t nd c ñ̃ɟ k ŋɡ
β s ɣ m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ
Stops:p mb t nd c ñ̃ɟ k ŋɡ
Fricatives:β s ɣ
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r ɾ
Modified Consonants:cʷ p mb k ŋɡ β m
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:ɨ ǝ ɐ a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Long Vowels:v̄ ?
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Demonstratives:2
Articles:indef
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:3415
Language:Orowe
Alternate Name:Boewe
Location:SC New Caledonia
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3416
Language:Neku
Location:SC New Caledonia
Population:150
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3417
Language:Nere
Location:New Caledonia
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Other Sources:WPF
Consonant system:
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Number:3418
Language:Tiri
Location:SC New Caledonia
Population:600
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Dictionary:Grace, George W. 1976. Grand Couli Dictionary (New Caledonia). PL C12.
Other Sources:
Haudricourt, André G. 1971. "New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands," CTIL 8, 359-96. E WPF
Consonant system:
p mb t̪ n̪d̪ ṭ n.ḍ k ŋɡ
f v θ ð ṣ ɣ h m n̪ ṇ ŋ
ɾ ṛ
Stops:p mb t̪ n̪d̪ ṭ nḍ k ŋɡ
Fricatives:f v θ ð ṣ ɣ h
Nasals:m n̪ ṇ ŋ
Vibrants:ɾ ṛ
Modified Consonants:cʷ p mb (k) (ŋɡ) f h m
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i e ɛ æ
Central Vowels:ɨ ǝ ɐ
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Long Vowels:v̄ v̄̃
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all but e o
Modified Vowels:̄̃
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:SVO/VOS NG N-POSS
Number:3419
Language:Xaracuu
Alternate Name:Anesu
Location:S New Caledonia
Population:1,500
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Other Sources:
Haudricourt, André G. 1971. "New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands," CTIL 8, 359-96. E
Consonant system:
p mb t nd c ñɟ k ŋɡ
f s ç x m n ñ ŋ
r
Stops:p mb t nd c ñɟ k ŋɡ
Fricatives:f s ç x
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:cʷ p mb k ŋɡ f x m ŋ
Glides:j w
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:ɨ ǝ ɐ a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Nasal Vowels:ṽ all
Pronouns:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax:SVO/VOS
Number:3420
Language:Xaragure
Alternate Name:'Aragure
Location:S New Caledonia
Population:500
Classification:Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Central-Eastern: Eastern: Oceanic: New Caledonia: Southern: South
Dictionary:Grace, G. W. 1976. Grand Couli Dictionary (New Caledonia). PL C12.