Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Consonant system:
Number:462
Language:Iyekhee
Alternate Name:Etsako
Dialect:Ayele
Location:SC Nigeria (Mid-Western)
Population:120,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Grammar:Strub, E. 1915. "Essai d'une grammaire de la langue kukuruku (Nigieria, Afrique Occidentale," Anthropos 10-11, 450-65 & 888-907.
Other Sources:
Laver, John. 1967. "A Preliminary Phonology of the Ayele Dialect of Esako," JWAL 4:2, 53-6. Laver, J. D. M. 1969. "Etasko," in TNL, 47-55.
Consonant system:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb f s x β v z ɣ m n ñ ŋ l ɾ ɾ̥
Stops:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
Fricatives:β f v s z x ɣ
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:ɾ ɾ̥
Modified Consonants:c̄ m v z
Glides:j ɥ w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Syllable:(C)(G)V
Tones:hi hi-fall lo downstep downdrift
Number:463
Language:Iyekhee
Alternate Name:Etsako
Dialect:Ekpheli
Location:Nigeria
Population:120,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Other Sources:Elimelech, Baruch. 1978. A Tonal Grammar of Etsako. UCPL 87.
Consonant system:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb ts dz f θ s x β v ɣ m n l ɾ
Stops:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
Affricates:ts dz
Fricatives:β f v θ s x ɣ
Nasals:m n
Laterals:l
Vibrants:ɾ
Modified Consonants:c̄ kp ɡb m
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Diphthongs:diphthonɡs
Tones:hi lo ris fall downstep
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:2
Articles:def
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Number:464
Language:Iyekhee
Alternate Name:Estako
Dialect:Auchi
Location:SC Nigeria
Population:120,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Other Sources:STAL
Consonant system:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb ts č ɡ̌ f s š x β v z ž ɣ m n ñ ŋʷ l ɾ r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
Affricates:ts č ɡ̌
Fricatives:β f v s z š ž x ɣ
Nasals:m n ñ ŋʷ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:ɾ r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o ɔ
Tones:hi mid lo [+ 6 ris & fall tones]
Number:465
Language:Ghotuo
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Consonant system:
Number:466
Language:Uneme
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Consonant system:
Number:467
Language:North Ibie
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Consonant system:
Number:468
Language:Ikpeshi
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Consonant system:
Number:469
Language:Sasaru
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Consonant system:
Number:470
Language:Ososo
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
Consonant system:
Number:471
Language:Okpamheri
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: Northwestern
Consonant system:
Number:472
Language:Uhami
Location:Nigeria (Western)
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: Northwestern
Consonant system:
Number:473
Language:Ukue
Location:Nigeria (Western)
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: Northwestern
Consonant system:
Number:474
Language:Okpe2
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: Northwestern
Consonant system:
Number:475
Language:Ekpeye
Location:Nigeria
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger
Consonant system:
Number:476
Language:Izi
Location:SE Nigeria (East-Central)
Population:200,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger
Grammar:Meier, Paul, Inge Meier and John Bendor-Samuel. 1975. A Grammar of Izi: An Igbo Language. SIL 47.
Other Sources:Bendor-Samuel, John T. and Inge Meier. 1967. "Some Contrasting Features of the Izi Verbal System," JAL 6, 10-41.
Consonant system:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb pf ts bv dz ɸ (f) s (š) x v z (ž) ɣ m n (ñ) ŋ ŋm l r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
Affricates:pf bv ts dz
Fricatives:ɸ (f) v s z (š) (ž) x ɣ
Nasals:m n (ñ) ŋ ŋm
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:
cj p b t d ts dz s z n cʷ k ɡ ŋ l r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony (i e a u o are characterized by advanced tonɡue root; iˈ eˈ aˈ uˈ oˈ are characterized by retracted tonɡue root. These two classes form the basis of the vowel harmony system.)
Syllable:(C)V(N) Nˈ
Tones:hi lo downstep downdrift upstep
Demonstratives:2
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6 + indef
Syntax:SVO NA/AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+Num+D
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:477
Language:Igbo
Dialect:Umuahia
Location:SE Nigeria (East-Central)
Population:18 million
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger
Grammar:
Green, M. M. and G. E Igwe. 1963. A Descriptive Grammar of Igbo. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. Igwe, G. E. and M. M. Green. 1965. A Short Igbo Grammar. London: Oxford Univ Press. Abraham, R. C. 1967. The Principles of Ibo. Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ibadan. Emenanjo, E. Nolue. 1978. Elements of Modern Igbo Grammar. Ibadan: Oxford Univ Press.
TextBooks:
Carnochan, J. and B. Iwuchuku. 1963. An Igbo Revision Course. London: Oxford Univ Press. Igwe, G. E. and M. M. Green. 1967. Igbo Language Course, 2 vols. Ibadan: Oxford Univ Press.
Other Sources:
Williamson, Kay. 1969. "Igbo," in TNL, 85-96. Dunstan, Elizabeth and G. E. Igwe. 1966. "Two Views of the Phonology of the Ohuhu Dialects of Igbo," JWAL 3:2, 71-5.
Consonant system:
p ph t th k kh kp b b̤ ɓw d d̤ ɡ ɡ̤ č čh ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌ f s h v z ɣ m n ñ ŋ l ɾ
Stops:p ph b b̤ ɓw t th d d̤ k kh ɡ ɡ̤ kp
Affricates:č čh ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
Fricatives:f v s z ɣ h
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:ɾ
Modified Consonants:
cj p ph b b̤ s s̃ z z̃ h h̃ r cʷ ɓ k kh ɡ ɡ̤ h̃ ŋ c̃ f v s z h r
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u ʋ o ɔ
Modified Vowels:
vowel harmony nasal harmony
Syllable:(C)V Nˈ
Tones:hi lo downstep downdrift
Noun Number:s p (only for a few kinship terms)
Demonstratives:2 + ref
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6 + indef
Syntax:SVO NA/(AN) NG ND N-NUM/(NUM-N [1 20 400]) N-POSS N+A+Num+D
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:478
Language:Igbo
Dialect:Onitsha
Location:SE Nigeria (East-Central)
Population:18 million
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger