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A global linguistic database : Search within this database Total of 5736 records 287 pages
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Number: 4841
Language: Atakapa
Location: E Texas
Population: extinct
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Tunica-Chitimacha
Grammar: Swanton, John R. 1929. "A Sketch of the Atakapa Language," IJAL 5, 121-49.
Other Sources: Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. Swadesh, Morris. 1946. "Phonologic Formulas for Atakapa-Chitimacha," IJAL 12, 113-32.
Consonant system: p t k ts š h m n l ɬ
Stops: p t k
Affricates: ts
Fricatives: š h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l ɬ
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ ?
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 3
Articles: def
Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 + indef
Syntax: NA/(AN) GN DN NUM-N/N-NUM POSS-N
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 4842
Language: Yuki
Location: C California
Population: 1 (1970)
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Yuki-Wappo
Other Sources: WPF
Number: 4843
Language: Wappo
Location: C California
Population: 1 (1970)
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Yuki-Wappo
Dictionary: Sawyer, Jesse O. 1965. English-Wappo Vocabulary. UCPL 43.
Other Sources: Elmendorf, William W. 1968. "Lexical and Cultural Change in Yukian," AL 10:7, 1-41. Li, Charles N., Sandra A. Thompson and Jesse O. Sawyer. 1977. "Subject and Word Order in Wappo," IJAL 43, 85-100.
Consonant system: p pʔ t̪ t̪ʔ ṭ ṭʔ k kʔ ʔ ts tsʔ č čʔ s š h m ʔ m n ʔ n l ʔ l
Stops: p pʔ t̪ t̪ʔ ṭ ṭʔ k kʔ ʔ
Affricates: ts tsʔ č čʔ
Fricatives: s š h
Nasals: m ʔ m n ʔ n
Laterals: l ʔ l
Glides: j ʔ j w ʔ w
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Stress: phonemic
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 *3hH *6hH h=hum H=non-hum
Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 4844
Language: Natchez
Location: Mississippi
Population: extinct
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Natchez
Other Sources: Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia. Haas, Mary R. 1956. "Natchez and the Muskogean Languages," Lg 32, 61-72. WALS
Consonant system: p t k kʷ ʔ ts š h m m̥ n n̥ l ɬ
Stops: p t k kʷ ʔ
Affricates: ts
Fricatives: š h
Nasals: m m̥ n n̥
Laterals: l ɬ
Glides: j j̥ w w̥
Vowel system: i u e (ø) o a
Front Vowels: i e (ø)
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Modified Vowels: vowel harmony
Syllable: CV(C)(C)(C)
Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax: SOV
Number: 4845
Language: Proto-Muskogean
Location: SE USA
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean
Other Sources: Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
Consonant system: p t k b ts f s š h m n l ɬ
Stops: p b t k
Affricates: ts
Fricatives: f s š h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l ɬ
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Number: 4846
Language: Choctaw
Location: Mississippi
Population: 12,000
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Western
Other Sources: IJAL 23, 85-93. WALS
Consonant system: p t k ʔ b ɡ č f θ s š x h m n l
Stops: p b t k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: č
Fricatives: f θ s š x h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all v̄̃ all
Syntax: SOV
Number: 4847
Language: Muskogee
Dialect: Creek, Seminole
Location: Alabama
Population: 10,000
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern
Grammar: Nathan, Michele. 1977. Grammatical Description of the Florida Seminole Dialect of Creek. New Orleans: Tulane Univ Diss.
Other Sources: Haas, Mary R. 1940. "Ablaut and Its Funciton in Muskogee," Lg 16, 141-50. Haas, Mary R. 1951. "Interlingual Word Taboos," American Anthropologist 53, 338-44. Haas, Mary R. 1956. "Natchez and the Muskogean Languages," Lg 32, 61-72.
Consonant system: p t̪ k č ɸ š h m n̪ l̪ ɬ̪
Stops: p t̪ k
Affricates: č
Fricatives: ɸ š h
Nasals: m n̪
Laterals: l̪ ɬ̪
Modified Consonants: c̄ all but l w
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: I (e)
Central Vowels: ɐ
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ī ā ō
Nasal Vowels: ı̃̄ ã̄ ȭ
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
Tones: hi-level fall ris
Noun Number: s p (p usually restricted to human nouns)
Demonstratives: 3
Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+N+A
Prep/Post: POST
Number: 4848
Language: Mikasuki
Alternate Name: Hitchiti
Location: Florida
Population: 700
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern
Other Sources: West, John David. 1962. "The Phonology of Mikasuki," Studies in Linguistics 16, 77-91. WALS WPF
Consonant system: p t k ʔ b č f š h m n ŋ l ɬ
Stops: p b t k ʔ
Affricates: č
Fricatives: f š h
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all
Tones: hi mid lo extra-hi mid-fall hi-fall mid-ris
Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
Syntax: SOV
Number: 4849
Language: Apalachee
Location: NW Florida
Population: extinct
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern
Number: 4850
Language: Alabama
Location: Alabama
Population: 300
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern
Other Sources: Rand, Earl. 1968. "The Structural Phonology of Alabaman, a Muskogean Language," IJAL 34, 94-103.
Consonant system: ph t̪h kh b č ɸ s h m n̪ l ɬ
Stops: ph b t̪h kh
Affricates: č
Fricatives: ɸ s h
Nasals: m n̪
Laterals: l ɬ
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: I
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ē ā ō
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)
Stress: phonemic
Number: 4851
Language: Koasati
Location: SW Louisiana
Population: 150
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Gulf: Natchez-Muskogean: Muskogean: Eastern
Other Sources: Haas, Mary R. 1944. "Men's and Women's Speech in Koasati," Lg 20, 142-9. CTIL 3, 125. WALS WPF
Consonant system: p t̪ k b ts f s h m n̪ l̪ ɬ̪
Stops: p b t̪ k
Affricates: ts
Fricatives: f s h
Nasals: m n̪
Laterals: l̪ ɬ̪
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: I
Central Vowels: ɐ
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ē ā ō
Nasal Vowels: ṽ all v̄̃ all
Tones: hi fall
Syntax: SOV
Number: 4852
Language: Huave
Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)
Population: 7,000
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Huave
Grammar: Smith, Buckingham. 1861. Grammatical Sketch of the Heve Language. New York: Cramoisy. [Reprinted 1970 by AMS Press, New York]
Other Sources: Radin, Paul. 1929. "Huave Texts," IJAL 5, 1-56. Stairs, Emily F. and Barbara Erickson Hollenbach. 1969. "Huave Verb Morphology," IJAL 35, 38-53. Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
Consonant system: p t k b d ɡ ts č s š h m n l ɾ r
Stops: p b t d k ɡ
Affricates: ts č
Fricatives: s š h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Vibrants: ɾ r
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i ɨ u e o a
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Demonstratives: 2
Syntax: SVO NA NG DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 4853
Language: Totonac
Dialect: Zacatlan
Location: SC Mexico (Puebla)
Population: 63,800
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Totonacan
Other Sources: Aschmann, Herman P. 1946. "Totonac Phonemes," IJAL 12, 34-43. Bishop, Ruth G. 1979. "Tense-Aspect in Totonac Narrative Discourse," in DSML, 31-68. WPF
Consonant system: p t k q ʔ ts č s š h m n l ɬ
Stops: p t k q ʔ
Affricates: ts č
Fricatives: s š h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l ɬ
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Modified Vowels: v̤ all (larynɡealized) v̤̄ all
Tones: 0
Demonstratives: ref
Articles: def indef
Syntax: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 4854
Language: Totonac
Dialect: Villa Juarez
Location: SC Mexico (Puebla)
Population: 63,800
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Totonacan
Other Sources: Reid, Aileen A. Ruth G. Bishop, Ella M. Button and Robert E. Longacre. 1968. Totonac: From Clause to Discourse. Norman: SIL. WALS
Consonant system: p t k q ʔ ts tl č s š x χ m n l ɬ
Stops: p t k q ʔ
Affricates: ts tl č
Fricatives: s š x χ
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l ɬ
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Tones: 0
Syntax: SVO
Number: 4855
Language: Tepehua
Location: Mexico (Hidalgo)
Population: 14,000
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Totonacan
Other Sources: Bower, Bethel and Barbara Erikson. 1967. "Tepehua Sentences," AL 9:9, 25-37. E
Consonant system: p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ q qʔ ʔ ts tsʔ č čʔ s š h m n l ɬ
Stops: p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ q qʔ ʔ
Affricates: ts tsʔ č čʔ
Fricatives: s š h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l ɬ
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u (e) (o) a
Front Vowels: i (e)
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u (o)
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Syntax: SVO
Number: 4856
Language: Proto-Mixe-Zoque
Location: S Mexico
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque
Other Sources: Wonderly, William L. 1949. "Some Zoquean Phonemic and Morphophonemic Correpondences," IJAL 15, 1-11. Kaufman, Terrence. 1980. "Pre-Colombian Borrowing involving Huastec," in American Indian and Indoeuropean Studies, ed. by Kathryn Klar, Margaret Langdon & Shirley Silver, The Hague, Mouton, 101-12.
Consonant system: p t k ʔ ts s h m n
Stops: p t k ʔ
Affricates: ts
Fricatives: s h
Nasals: m n
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e ǝ o a
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄
Number: 4857
Language: Mixe
Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)
Population: 35,000
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque
Grammar: Van Haitsma, Julia Dieterman and Willard Van Haitsma. 1976. A Hierarchical Sketch of Mixe. SIL 44.
Consonant system: p t k ʔ (b) (d) (ɡ) ts (dz ) (f) (s) š h (z) (ž) m n ŋ (l) (ɾ) (r)
Stops: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ) ʔ
Affricates: ts (dz )
Fricatives: (f) (s) (z) š (ž) h
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: (l)
Vibrants: (ɾ) (r)
Modified Consonants: cj all
Glides: j w
Vowel system: I ɨ u ɛ o a
Front Vowels: I ɛ
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ short mid lonɡ v̰ checked interrupted aspriated "There are six contrastive syllable nuclei which distinguish three degrees of length (short mid long) and three kinds of glottalization (checked, interrupted, aspriated)." p.9
Syllable: (C)(C)CV(C)(C)(C)
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: def indef
Syntax: SOV/SVO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 4858
Language: Mixe
Dialect: Tlahuitoltepec
Location: S Mexico (NE Oaxaca)
Population: 35,000
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque
Other Sources: Lyon, Shirley. 1967. "Tlahuitoltepec Mixe Clause Structure," IJAL 33, 25-33. Lyon, Don D. 1967. "Tlahuitoltepec Mixe Verb Syntagmemes," IJAL 33, 34-45. E
Consonant system: p t k ʔ ts s š h m n l
Stops: p t k ʔ
Affricates: ts
Fricatives: s š h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Glides: j w
Vowel system: i u e ǝ o ɔ a
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Stress: phonemic
Syntax: SOV/VOS POSS-N
Number: 4859
Language: Mixe
Dialect: Totontepec
Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)
Population: 35,000
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque
Grammar: Crawford, John Chapman. 1963. Totontepec Mixe Phonotagmemics. SIL 8.
Consonant system: p t̪ k ʔ d̪ ɡ ts v s ṣ̌ h ẓ̌ m n (l) (r)
Stops: p t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: ts
Fricatives: v s ṣ̌ ẓ̌ h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: (l)
Vibrants: (r)
Glides: j
Vowel system: i ɨ u e ǝ ʋ ɔ æ a
Front Vowels: i e æ
Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a
Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Syllable: CV(C)(C)(C)(C)(C)(C)
Stress: root initial
Articles: def
Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N
Number: 4860
Language: Oluta
Location: S Mexico (S Vera Cruz)
Classification: Amerind: Penutian: Mexican: Mixe-Zoque
typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-tones,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-tones,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typolo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