A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 5001

Language: Otomi

Location: S Mexico

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Central

Other Sources:

Hensey, Fritz G. 1972. "Otomi Phonology and Spelling Reform with Reference to Learning Problems," IJAL 38, 93-5.
Bernard, H. Russell and Jesús Salinas Pedraza. 1976. Otomi Parables, Folktales and Jokes. NATS 1:2.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ kʷ ʔ
b ^ʔb d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s
    š h
    z ž
m ^ʔm m̥ n ^ʔn n̥
    (l)
    r ^ʔɾ

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ b ^ʔb t t^h t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: z š ž h

Nasals: m ^ʔm m̥ n ^ʔn n̥

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: r ^ʔɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
æ a

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ẽ ũ ɑ̃

Tones: hi lo mid-fall

Number: 5002

Language: Otomi

Dialect: Mezquital

Location: EC Mexico (Hidalgo)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Central

Other Sources:

Sinclair, Donald E and Kenneth L Pike. 1948. "The Tonemes of Mesquital Otomi," IJAL 14, 91-8.
Leon, Frances. 1962, "Revisión de la fonologı́a del Otomı́," Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropologı́a e Historia 15, 315-30.
Hess, H. Harwood. 1968. The Syntactic Structure of Mezquital Otomi. The Hague: Mouton.
Wallis, Ethel E. 1968. "The Word and the Phonological Hierarchy of Mezquital Otomi," Lg 44, 76-90.
Lanier, Nancy. 1968. "Three Structural Layers in Mezquital Otomi Clauses," Linguistics 43, 32-85.
Bernard, H. Russell. 1973. "Otomı́ Phonology and Orthography," IJAL 39, 180-4.
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k ʔ
    t^s (č)
ɸ θ s s ̌ x h
β ð z (ž) ɣ
m n̪ ñ
    (l)
    r

Stops: p t̪ k ʔ

Affricates: t^s (č)

Fricatives: ɸ β θ ð s z š (ž) x ɣ h

Nasals: m n̪ ñ

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
ɔ
æ a

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ẽ ã ũ

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)(C)CV(C)(C)

Tones: hi lo ris

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VOS AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5003

Language: Otomi

Dialect: Temoayan

Location: S Mexico (Mexico)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Central

Other Sources: Andrews, Henrietta. 1949. "Phonemes and Morphophonemes of Temoayan Otomi," IJAL 15, 213-22. E

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ kʷ k^hʷ k^ʔʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ č č^h č^ʔ
    s š h
    z ž
m n ñ
    (l)
    r

Stops: p p^h p^ʔ b t t^h t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ kʷ k^hʷ k^ʔʷ ɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^s^h t^sʔ č č^h č^ʔ

Fricatives: s z š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ı̃̃ ã ũ

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)

Tones: hi lo ris

Syntax: VOS

Number: 5004

Language: Otomi

Dialect: Tenango

Location: Mexico (Hidalgo)

Population: 300,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Central

Other Sources:

Jenkins, Joyce. 1958. "Morphological Phoneme Sequences in Eastern Otomi," Phonetica 2, 1-11.
Blight, Richard C. and Eunice V. Pike. 1976. "The Phonology of Tenango Otomi," IJAL 42, 51-7.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    (č)
ɸ s š x h
    z
m n
    (l)
    ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: (č)

Fricatives: ɸ s z š x h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: (l)

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: c̄ s m n

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
ɔ
æ a

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ æ̃ ã ũ

Tones: hi lo ris

Articles: def

Syntax: VOS DN

Number: 5005

Language: Matlatzinca

Location: Mexico (Mexico)

Population: 2,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Southern

Consonant system:

Number: 5006

Language: Ocuiltec

Location: Mexico (Mexico)

Population: few

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Southern

Other Sources: WALS

Consonant system:

Syntax: SVO

Number: 5007

Language: Proto-Mixtecan

Location: Mexico

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources: Mak, Cornelia and Robert Longacre. 1960. "Proto-Mixtec Phonology," IJAL 26, 23-40.

Consonant system:

    t k kʷ
    ⁿd ^ŋɡ ^ŋɡʷ
    θ x xʷ
m n
    l

Stops: t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ kʷ ^ŋɡʷ

Fricatives: θ x xʷ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Glides: j

Vowel system:

   i ɯ u
e o
    ɔ
    a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɔ

Number: 5008

Language: Trique

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 8,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources:

Longacre, Robert E. 1959. "Trique Tone Morphemics," AL 1:4, 5-42.
Longacre, Robert E. 1966. "Trique Clause and Sentence: A Study in Contrast, Variation and Distribution," IJAL 32, 242-52.
Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1974. "Reduplication and Anomalous Rule Ordering in Copala Trique," IJAL 40, 176-81.
Hollenbach, Barbara E. 1976. "Tense-Negation Interplay in Copala Trique," IJAL 42, 126-32.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č̣ č
    s ṣ̌ š h
    z ž
m n
    l
    ɾ̣

Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s č̣ č

Fricatives: s z ṣ̌ š ž h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ̣

Modified Consonants: c̄ m n l j w

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

e o
a

Front Vowels: e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Nasal Vowels: ṽ

Tones:

lo-mid-fall mid-fall mid-lev mid-ris-to-hi-mid mid-ris-to-hi hi-mid-lev hi-fall

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5009

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: Jicaltepec

Location: S Mexico (W Oaxaca)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Grammar: Bradley, C. Henry. 1970. A Linguistic Sketch of Jicaltepec Mixtec. SIL 25.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ t^j k kʷ ʔ
^mb ⁿd ⁿd^j ^ŋɡ
    č
(ɸ) s (s^j) š (x)
m n ñ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p ^mb t̪ t^j ⁿd ⁿd^j k ^ŋɡ kʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: (ɸ) s (s^j) š (x)

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Syllable: (C)V(ʔ)

Tones: hi mid low

Gender: m f animal inanimate sacred

Demonstratives: 3: proximal/distal/indifferent to distance

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
*3mfAir
m f A=animal i=inanimate r=sacred
polite/familiar: 1 2 4 5

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS Num+N+A+D

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5010

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: San Miguel

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Dictionary: Dyk, Anne and Betty Stoudt. 1965. Vocabulario mixteco. Mexico City: SIL.

Other Sources:

Pike, Kenneth L. 1944. "Analysis of a Mixteco Text," IJAL 10, 113-38.
Dyk, Anne. 1959. Mixteco Texts. SIL 3.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
^mb ⁿd ^ŋɡ
    č
^ñɡ̌
    s ṣ̌ š x
β ð ž
m n ñ
    l
    r

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ kʷ ʔ

Affricates: č^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: β ð s ṣ̌ š ž x

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i ɯ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɯ o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all but e

Tones: hi mid lo

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO AN NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5011

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: Ayutla

Location: S Mexico (Guerrero)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources:

Pankratz, Leo and Eunice V. Pike. 1967. "Phonological Morphotonemics of Ayutla Mixtec," IJAL 33, 287-99.
Hills, Robert and William R. Merrifield. 1974. "Ayutla Mixtec, Just in Case," IJAL 40, 283-91.

Consonant system:

   (p) t t^j k kʷ ʔ
(^mb) d d^j (ɡ) (ɡʷ)
    č
    s š (h) (hʷ)
v
m n ñ
    l
    (r)

Stops: (p) (^mb) t t^j d d^j k (ɡ) kʷ (ɡʷ) ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: v s š (h) (hʷ)

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (r)

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: (v̄)

Nasal Vowels:

ı̃ (ẽ) ã ũ
v̄̃

Modified Vowels: ̃̄

Syllable: (C)(C)V(ʔ)

Tones: hi mid lo

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5012

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: Molinos

Location: S Mexico (W Oaxaca)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources:

Merrifield, William R. and Betty J. Stoudt. 1967. "Molinos Mixtec Clause Structure," Linguistic 32, 58-78.
Hunter, Georgia and Eunice V. Pike. 1969. "The Phonology and Tone Sandhi of Molinos Mixtec," Linguistics 47, 24-40.

Consonant system:

   (p) t̪ k kʷ ʔ
    č
    s̪ š h
β ð ž (ɣ)
m n̪ ñ ŋ
    l
    (r)

Stops: (p) t̪ k kʷ ʔ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: β ð s̪ š ž (ɣ) h

Nasals: m n̪ ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (r)

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ (ẽ) ã ũ õ

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(ʔ)

Tones: hi mid lo downdrift

Syntax: VSO NA N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5013

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: Peñoles

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Grammar: Daly, John P. 1973. A Generative Syntax of Peñoles Mixtec. SIL 42.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
^mb ⁿd ^ŋɡ ^ŋɡʷ
    č
    ^ñɡ̌
f s š h
β ð ž
m n ñ
    l
    r

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ kʷ ^ŋɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: č ^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: β f ð s š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

Tones: hi lo

Stress: penult

Noun Number: s p

Articles: indef

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5014

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: San Esteban

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources:

Mak, Cornelia. 1950. "A Unique Tone Perturbation in Mixteco," IJAL 16, 82-6.
Mak, Cornelia. 1953. "A Comparison of Two Mixtec Tonemic Systems," IJAL 19, 85-100.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
^mb ⁿd ^ŋɡ
    č
^ñɡ̌
β ð s š h
    ž
m n n̥ ñ
    l
    (ɾ)

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ kʷ ʔ

Affricates: č^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: β ð s š ž h

Nasals: m n n̥ ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (ɾ)

Glides:

j

Vowel system:

i ɯ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɯ o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Tones: hi hi-mid lo-mid lo ?ris ?fall

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5015

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: Eastern Jamiltepec

Location: S Mexico (W Oaxaca)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources:

Pensinger, Brenda and Larry Lyman. 1975. "Some Eastern Jamiltepec Mixtec Phrase Constructions," IJAL 41, 158-61.
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t t^j k k^j ʔ
^mb ⁿd ⁿd^j ^ŋɡ
    θ s š
v
m n ñ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p ^mb t t^j ⁿd ⁿd^j k k^j ^ŋɡ ʔ

Fricatives: v θ s š

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides:

j

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ
v̄̃

Tones: hi mid lo

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3mf 6

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS Num+N+A+D

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5016

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: Coatzospan

Location: S Mexico (N Oaxaca)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources: Small, Priscilla. 1979. "Prominence and Dominance in Coatzospan Mixtec Narrative," in DSML, 353-??.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
^mb ⁿd ^ŋɡ ^ŋɡʷ
    t^s č
ⁿd^z ^ñɡ̌
    s š x
β ð ð^j
m n ñ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ kʷ ^ŋɡʷ ʔ

Affricates: t^s ⁿd^z č^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: β ð ð^j s š x

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Vowel system:

i ɨ u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ

Tones: hi mid lo hi-fall

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND N-POSS N+A+D

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5017

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: Santo Tomás Ocotepec

Location: S Mexico

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources: Mak, Cornelia. 1958. "The Tonal System of a Third Mixtec Dialect," IJAL 24, 61-70.

Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
^mb ⁿd ^ŋɡ
    č
    ^ñɡ̌
    s š h
β ð z ž
m n ñ
    l

Stops: p ^mb t ⁿd k ^ŋɡ kʷ ʔ

Affricates: č ^ñɡ̌

Fricatives: β ð s z š ž h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Tones: hi mid lo

Syntax: VSO NA NG N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5018

Language: Mixtec

Dialect: Huajuapan

Location: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

Population: 250,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources: Pike, Eunice V. and John H. Cowan. 1967. "Huajuapan Mixtec Phonology and Morphophonemics," AL 9:5, 1-15.

Consonant system:

   (p) t k kʷ
(^mb) ⁿd (^ŋɡ)
    č
(ɸ) s š (h)
(β) ð ž (ɣ)
m n ñ
    l
    (ɾ) (r)

Stops: (p) (^mb) t ⁿd k (^ŋɡ) kʷ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: (ɸ) β ð s š ž (ɣ) (h)

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (ɾ) (r)

Glides: (w)

Vowel system:

i y
e o
a

Front Vowels: i y e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all but y

Syllable: (C)(C)V

Tones: hi mid lo

Stress: initial

Syntax: VSO NA NUM-N N-POSS

Number: 5019

Language: Cuicatec

Location: Mexico (NE Oaxaca)

Population: 12,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Mixtecan

Other Sources:

Angulo, Jaime de and L. S. Freeland. 1935. "The Zapotekan Linguistic Group," IJAL 8, 1-38 &111-30.
Needham, Doris and Marjorie Davis. 1946. "Cuicateco Phonology," IJAL 12, 139-46.

Consonant system:

    t̪^h k^h k^hʷ ʔ
b d̪
    č^h
    s̪ x
m n̪
    (l̪)
    (r)

Stops: b t̪^h d̪ k^h k^hʷ ʔ

Affricates: č^h

Fricatives: s̪ x

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: (l̪)

Vibrants: (r)

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i ʋ
e
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C), Nˈ

Tones: hi mid lo

Stress: non-phonemic

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3ha

Syntax: VSO NA NG NUM-N N-POSS Num+N+A

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 5020

Language: Mazatec

Location: S Mexico (N Oaxaca)

Population: 85,000

Classification: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Popolocan

Other Sources:

Pike, Kenneth L. and Eunice Victoria Pike. 1947. "Immediate Contitutents of Mazateco Syllables," IJAL 13, 78-91.
Cowan, George M. 1965. Some Aspects of the Lexical Structure of a Mazatec Historical Text. SIL 11.

Consonant system:

   (p) t k ʔ
(b)
    t^s č̣ č
    s ṣ̌ h
β (ð) (ɣ)
m n ñ
    l
    (ɾ) (r)

Stops: (p) (b) t k ʔ

Affricates: t^s č̣ č

Fricatives: β (ð) s ṣ̌ (ɣ) h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: (ɾ) (r)

Glides: j

Vowel system:

i
ɛ o
a

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V

Tones: hi hi-mid lo-mid lo

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3

Syntax: VSO NA NG DN N-POSS