CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi
DICTIONARY:
Bonneau, H. 1950. Dictionnaire français-kirundi, kirundi-français. Usumbura. Rodegem, F. M. 1970. Dictionnaire rundi-français. Tervuren: Annales du Musée Royal de L'Afrique Centrale. Cox, Elizabeth E. n.d. Dictionary Kirundi-English, English-Kirundi. Chicago: Irvin L. Young Foundation.
GRAMMAR:
Meeussen, A. E. 1959. "Essai de grammaire rundi," Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Linguistique, vol 24, 9-15. Rodegem, F. M. 1967. Précis de grammaire rundi. Brussels: E. Story-Scientia.
OTHERSOURC:Bouquiaux, Luc. 1973. "Quelques réflexions sur le système phonologique du rundi," in Problèmes de phonologie, Paris, SELAF, 113-9.
CONSONANTS:
p t k b d ɡ pf ts č f s š h v z ž m n ñ r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES:pf ts č
FRICATIVES:f v s z š ž h
NASALS:m n ñ
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
Nc p b t d k ɡ f v s z š šj ž žj pf ts č čj cj t č v š ž m n r cʷ b t d k ɡ ts č f s š h m n r ž
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
TONES:hi lo hi-fall ris-fall
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:10
DEMONSTRAT:3 + ref
PRONOUNS:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 3, 6d & 6 vary with noun class
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG DN N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1042
LANGUAGE:Shubi
POPULATION:74,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1043
LANGUAGE:Hangaza
POPULATION:54,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1044
LANGUAGE:Vinza
POPULATION:3,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1045
LANGUAGE:Yeci
LOCATION:Angola
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Holu
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1046
LANGUAGE:Holu
LOCATION:Angola
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Holu
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1047
LANGUAGE:Chokwe
ALTERNATEN:Guioca
LOCATION:Democratic Republic of Congo
POPULATION:1 million
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
GRAMMAR:Santos, Eduardo dos. 1962. Elementos de Gramática Guioca. Lisbon: Agência Geral do Ultramar.
OTHERSOURC:Martins, João Vicente. 1951. Subsı́dios Etnográficos para a História dos Povos de Angola. Lisbon: Agência Geral do Ultramar.
CONSONANTS:
p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š h v z ž m n ñ l ɾ
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES:č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s z š ž h
NASALS:m n ñ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:ɾ
MODIFIEDCO:Nc b d ɡ v z ž
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
STRESS:penult
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:12 (rational beings, trees, abstract nouns, verbs used as nouns)
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1048
LANGUAGE:Luimbi
LOCATION:Angola
POPULATION:500
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
DICTIONARY:Baião, Domingos Vieira. 1939. Dicionário Ganguela-Portugês. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filológicos.
GRAMMAR:Baião, Domingos Vieira. 1938. Elementos de Gramática Ganguela. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filológicos.
CONSONANTS:
p t k mb nd ŋɡ ts č ndzñɡ̌ (θ) s h v z m n ñ l
STOPS:p mb t nd k ŋɡ
AFFRICATES:tsndz č ñɡ̌
FRICATIVES:v (θ) s z h
NASALS:m n ñ
LATERALS:l
MODIFIEDCO:Nc p b t d k ɡ ts dz ɡ̌
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ɔ
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1049
LANGUAGE:Luchazi
ALTERNATEN:Lucazi
POPULATION:60,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
OTHERSOURC:WALS
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SVO
NUMBER:1050
LANGUAGE:Lwena
ALTERNATEN:Luvale
LOCATION:E Angola (Moxico)
POPULATION:90,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
DICTIONARY:Horton, A. E. 1953. A Dictionary of Luvale. El Monte, CA: Rahn Brothers Printing.
GRAMMAR:
Horton, A. E. 1949. A Grammar of Luvale. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand Univ Press. White, C. M. N. 1949. A Short Lwena Grammar. London: Longmans.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k mb nd̪ ŋɡ č ñɡ̌ f s̪ š h v z̪ ž m n̪ ñ ŋ ľ̪
STOPS:p mb t̪ nd̪ k ŋɡ
AFFRICATES:č ñɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s̪ z̪ š ž h
NASALS:m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS:ľ̪
MODIFIEDCO:
cj p v h m l cʷ p mb t nd k ŋɡ f v s h m n ñ l
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)(G)V
TONES:hi hi-mid lo-mid lo
STRESS:penult
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:10 (persons, trees, liquids, body parts, inanimate)
DEMONSTRAT:4 (3 + this here)
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6 3 & 6 vary with noun class
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1051
LANGUAGE:Mbuunda
POPULATION:25,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1052
LANGUAGE:Nyengo
POPULATION:5,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1053
LANGUAGE:Mbwela
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1054
LANGUAGE:Nkangala
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1055
LANGUAGE:Ngangela
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1056
LANGUAGE:Salampasu
POPULATION:60,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Salampasu-Ndembo
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1057
LANGUAGE:Ndembo
LOCATION:Zambia
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Salampasu-Ndembo
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1058
LANGUAGE:Ruund
ALTERNATEN:Lunda
LOCATION:Democratic Republic of Congo
POPULATION:82,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Salampasu-Ndembo
OTHERSOURC:WALS
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SVO
NUMBER:1059
LANGUAGE:Luyi
ALTERNATEN:Luyana
LOCATION:SW Zambia (Western)
POPULATION:50,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Kwangwa
GRAMMAR:
Jacottet, E. 1896. Études sur les langues du Haut-Zambèze. Paris: Ernest Leroux. Givón, Talmy. 1970. The Si-Luyana Language. Lusaka, Zambia: Insitute for Social Research, Univ of Zambia.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k mb nd̪ ŋɡ č (ñɡ̌) f s̪ β m n̪ ñ ŋ l̪
STOPS:p mb t̪ nd̪ k ŋɡ
AFFRICATES:č (ñɡ̌)
FRICATIVES:β f s̪
NASALS:m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l̪
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)(G)V
STRESS:penult
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:9 (6 pl)
DEMONSTRAT:4 (3 + close to both speaker & hearer)
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1060
LANGUAGE:Mbowe
LOCATION:SW Zambia (Western)
POPULATION:5,500
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Kwangwa