Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 1149

LANGUAGE: Shona

LOCATION: Zimbabwe

POPULATION: 2 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Shona

DICTIONARY:

Hannan, M. 1974. Standard Shona Dictionary. Salisbury: Rhodesia Literature Bureau.

GRAMMAR:

GD: Biehler, E. 1950. A Shona Dictionary. Salisbury: The Jesuit Fathers.
Fortune, G. 1955. An Analytical Grammar of Shona. London: Longmans.

TEXTBOOKS: Fortune, G. 1967. Elements of Shona. Salisbury: Longmans.

OTHERSOURC: Jones, Daniel. 1911. The Pronunciation and Orthography of the Chindau Language. London: Univ of London.

CONSONANTS:

p t̪ k
b ɓ d̪ ɗ ɡ
p^f t̪^s č
b^v d̪^z ɡ̌
f s̪ sʷ š
β v z̪ zʷ ž ɦ
m n̪ ñ ŋ
(v̊) r

STOPS: p b ɓ t̪ d̪ ɗ k ɡ

AFFRICATES: p^f b^v t̪^s d̪^z č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: β f v s̪ z̪ sʷ zʷ š ž ɦ

NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ

VIBRANTS: (v̊) r

MODIFIEDCO:

^Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌ v z
cʷ s z

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V

TONES: hi lo downdrift

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 9

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+Num+D+A

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1155

LANGUAGE: Venda

LOCATION: NE South Africa (Transvaal)

POPULATION: 150,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Venda

DICTIONARY:

Marole, L. T. and F. J. de Gama. 1954. English-Venda Vocabulary. Sibasa, South Africa: Marole Book Depot.
Wentzel, P. J. and T. W. Muloiwa. 1976. Venda-Afrikaans-English. Pretoria: Univ of South Africa.

GRAMMAR: Ziervogel, D., P. J. Wentzel and T. N. Makuya, eds. 1972. A Handbook of the Venda Language. Pretoria: Univ of South Africa.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h t t^h k k^h
b d̪ d ɡ
p^f p^fh t^s t^sh č č^h
b^v d^z ɡ̌
ɸ f s š x
β v z ž ɣʷ ɦ
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l̪
    r ɹ̣

STOPS: p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ t t^h d k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: p^f p^f^h b^v t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: ɸ β f v s z š ž x ɣʷ ɦ

NASALS: m n̪ n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: r ɹ̣

MODIFIEDCO:

c^j d k
cʷ p p^h b č č^h ɡ̌ s z ɣ ŋ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V Nˈ

TONES: hi lo

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 18

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/(DN) N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1156

LANGUAGE: Tswana

LOCATION: N South Africa

POPULATION: 852,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Sotho-Tswana

DICTIONARY: Brown, J. Tom. 1962. Secwana Dictionary. Lobatsi, South Africa: Bechuanaland Book Centre.

GRAMMAR: Cole, Desmond T. 1955. An Introduction to Tswana Grammar. London: Longmans.

TEXTBOOKS:

Cole, Desmond T. and Dingaan Mpho Mokaila. 1962. A Course in Tswana. Washington,
D.C.: Georgetown Univ Press.

CONSONANTS:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h t^ʔ k^h k^ʔ b
    t^sh t^sʔ t^lh t^lʔ č^h č^ʔ k^xh ɡ̌
ɸ s š x h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p^h p^ʔ b t^h t^ʔ k^h k^ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s^h t^sʔ t^l^h t^l^ʔ č^h č^ʔ ɡ̌ k^x^h

FRICATIVES: ɸ s š x h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

CLICKS:

ʘ
/ n/
!
|| n||
(clicks are all rarely used)

MODIFIEDCO: cʷ many

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ʋ ɔ

SYLLABLE: (C)V Nˈ lˈ rˈ

TONES: hi lo

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 9 (persons,trees, animals)

DEMONSTRAT: 4 (3 + this here)

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1157

LANGUAGE: Northern Sotho

ALTERNATEN: Ndebele

LOCATION: NE South Africa (Transvaal)

POPULATION: 800,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Sotho-Tswana

DICTIONARY:

Ziervogel, D. and P. C. Mokgokong. 1975. Comprehensive Northern Sotho Dictionary. Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik.

GRAMMAR: Ziervogel, D. , D. P. Lombard and P. C. Mokgokong. 1969. A Handbook of the Northern Sotho Language. Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik.

CONSONANTS:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h t^ʔ k^h k^ʔb d
p^sh p^šh p^šʔ t^sh t^sʔ t^lh t^lʔ č^h č^ʔ k^xhb^ž
ɸ^s f f^š s š x
β (v) (z) ž ɣ (ɦ)
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    r

STOPS: p^h p^ʔ b t^h t^ʔ d k^h k^ʔ

AFFRICATES: p^s^h p^š^h p^šʔ b^žt^s^h t^sʔ t^l^h t^lʔ č^h č^ʔ k^x^h

FRICATIVES: ɸ^s β f f^š(v) s (z) š ž x ɣ (ɦ)

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ

VIBRANTS: r

CLICKS: / ǂ ||

MODIFIEDCO: cʷ t t^h k k^h ɡ t^s t^lč^h s š x n ñ ŋ l ɬ r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)V Nˈ lˈ

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 15 (persons, natural phenomena, trees, instruments, animals, fruits, abstract)

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1158

LANGUAGE: Southern Sotho

ALTERNATEN: Sesotho

LOCATION: Lesotho

POPULATION: 3 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Sotho-Tswana

DICTIONARY:

Kriel, T. J. 1958. The New English-Sesotho Dictionary. Johannesburg: Afrikaanse Pers-Bookhandel.
Mabille, A. and H. Dieterlen. 1961. Sourthern Sotho-English Dictionary. Morija: Morija Sesuto Book Depot.

GRAMMAR: Guma, Samson Mbizo. 1971. An Outline Structure of Southern Sotho. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter and shooter.

TEXTBOOKS:

Doke, C. M. and S. M. Mofokeng. 1957. Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar. London: Longmans.
Demuth, Katherine and Tholoana Sekhesa. 1978. Basic Sesotho - An Oral Approach. Bloomington: African Studies Program, Indiana Univ.

CONSONANTS:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h t^ʔ k^h k^ʔb d
p^šh p^šʔ t^sh t^sʔ t^lh t^lʔ č^h č^ʔ k^xhb^ž ɡ̌
f f^š s š x
(v) ɦ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    r

STOPS: p^h p^ʔ b t^h t^ʔ d k^h k^ʔ

AFFRICATES: p^š^h p^šʔ b^žt^s^h t^sʔ t^l^h t^lʔ č^h č^ʔ ɡ̌ k^x^h

FRICATIVES: f f^š(v) s š x ɦ

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ

VIBRANTS: r

CLICKS:

! !^h n!
(in interjections and ideophones also: / /^h n/ || ||^h n||)

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

SYLLABLE: (C)V Nˈ lˈ

TONES: hi lo

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 7 (persons, proper names, kinship terms, animals, trees, plants)

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1160

LANGUAGE: Xhosa

LOCATION: S South Africa

POPULATION: 2.5 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Nguni

DICTIONARY:

McLaren, J. 1963. A New Concise Xhosa- English Dictionary. Cape Town: Longmans.
Jennings, Lionel E. 1967. The Concise Trilingual Dictionary in English, Xhosa, Afrikaans. Lovedale, South Africa: The Lovedale Press.

GRAMMAR:

Bennie, W. G. 1953. A Grammar of Xhosa. Lovedale, South Africa: The Lovedale Press.
McLaren, J. 1955. A Xhosa Grammar. Cape Town: Longmans.

TEXTBOOKS: Jordan, A. C. 1966. A Practical Course in Xhosa. Capetown: Longmans.

CONSONANTS:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h t^ʔ c^h c^ʔ k^h k^ʔ
b ɓ d ɟ ɡ
p^fʔ t^sh t^sʔ č č^h k^xʔb^v d^z ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ɣ (ɦ)
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

STOPS: p^h p^ʔ b ɓ t^h t^ʔ d c^h c^ʔ ɟ k^h k^ʔ ɡ

AFFRICATES: p^fʔ b^v t^s^h t^sʔ d^z č č^h ɡ̌ k^xʔ

FRICATIVES: f v s z š x ɣ h (ɦ)

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ ɮ

VIBRANTS: r

CLICKS:

/^h /^ʔ ɡ/ n/ ^ŋ/ ^ŋ/^ɡ
||^h ||^ʔ ɡ|| n|| ^ŋ|| ^ŋ||^ɡ
!^h !^ʔ ɡ! n! ^ŋ! ^ŋ!^ɡ

MODIFIEDCO: ^Nc p^ʔ b t^ʔ d c^ʔ ɟ k^ʔ ɡ t^sh d^z t^l d^l č^h ɡ̌ f v

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

SYLLABLE: CV mˈ

TONES: hi lo fall

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 10 (persons trees plants)

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/(DN) N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

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