Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 1161

LANGUAGE: Zulu

LOCATION: E South Africa

POPULATION: 3 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Nguni

DICTIONARY:

Doke, C. M. and B. W. Vilakazi. 1953. Zulu-English Dictionary. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand Univ Press.
Doke, C. M. , D. M. Malcolm and J. M. A. Sikakana. 1958. English- Zulu Dictionary. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand Univ Press.

GRAMMAR: Malcolm, D. M. 1966. A New Zulu Manual. Johannesburg: Longmans.

TEXTBOOKS:

Doke, Clement M. 1961. Textbook of Zulu Grammar. Cape Town: Longmans.
Ziervogel, D., J. A. Louw and P. C. Taljaard. 1976. A Handbook of the Zulu Language. Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik.

CONSONANTS:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ
b ɓ d ɡ
^mp^fʔ t^sʔ ⁿt^lʔ (č) č^ʔ k^lʔ
mb^v ⁿd^l ɡ̌
f s š (x) h
v z ɦ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    (r)

STOPS: p^h p^ʔ b ɓ t^h t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ

AFFRICATES: ^mp^fʔ ^mb^v t^sʔ ⁿt^l^ʔ ⁿd^l (č) č^ʔ ɡ̌ k^l^ʔ

FRICATIVES: f v s z š (x) h ɦ

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ ɮ

VIBRANTS: (r)

CLICKS:

/ /^h ɡ/ n/ ^ŋ/^ɡ
|| ||^h ɡ|| n|| ^ŋ||^ɡ
! !^h ɡ! n! ^ŋ!^ɡ

MODIFIEDCO: ^Nc p^fʔ b^v t^sʔ d^z t^l^ʔ d^l č^ʔ ɡ̌ k^l^ʔ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: mˈ rˈ

TONES: hi lo fall

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 8

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1162

LANGUAGE: Swati

LOCATION: Swaziland

POPULATION: 1.3 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Nguni

GRAMMAR: Ziervogel, D. 1976. A Grammar of the Swati Language. Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik.

CONSONANTS:

   p^h p^ʔ t^h t^ʔ k^h k^ʔ
b ɓ d ɡ
    t^sh t^ɸh č k^xʔ d^z d^l d^β ɡ̌
f s š x
v z ž ɦ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    r

STOPS: p^h p^ʔ b ɓ t^h t^ʔ d k^h k^ʔ ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s^h d^z d^l t^ɸ^h d^β č ɡ̌ k^xʔ

FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x ɦ

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ

VIBRANTS: r

CLICKS:

/ /^h n/ n/^h ɡ/ ^ŋ/ ^ŋ/^ɡ
(|| and ! are used only in foreiɡn words)

MODIFIEDCO: ^Nc p^h p^ʔ b t d k^h k^ʔ ɡ d^l t^s d^zt^ɸ d^β č ɡ̌ k^xʔ f v s z š ɬ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ

TONES: hi lo fall

STRESS: on root & penult syllable

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 13 (6 pl) (persons, relatives, natural phenomena, fruit, birds, foodstuffs, flat objects)

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1163

LANGUAGE: Ndebele

LOCATION: S Zimbabwe

POPULATION: 700,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Nguni

DICTIONARY: Pelling, J. N. 1966. A Pratical Ndebele Dictionary. Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: Daystar.

GRAMMAR: Ziervogel, D. 1959. A Grammar of Northern Transvaal Ndebele. Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h k k^h
b ɓ d ɡ
    t^s t^sh k^l d^l ɡ̌
f s h
v z
m n ŋ
    l ɬ
    (r)

STOPS: p p^h b ɓ t t^h d k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^l ɡ̌ k^l

FRICATIVES: f v s z h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ

VIBRANTS: (r)

CLICKS:

/ /^h ɡ/ n/ n/^h
|| ||^h ɡ|| n|| n||^h
! !^h ɡ! n! n! n!^h

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ

SYLLABLE: Nˈ

TONES: hi lo

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 8 (persons, names, natural phenomena, instruments)

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1164

LANGUAGE: Ngoni

POPULATION: 103,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Nguni

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 1165

LANGUAGE: Tswa

POPULATION: 500,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Tswa-Ronga

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 1166

LANGUAGE: Tonga₃

LOCATION: Zambia

POPULATION: 450,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Tswa-Ronga

GRAMMAR:

Hapgood, C. R. 1940. Tonga Grammar. London: Longmans.
Collins, B. 1962. Tonga Grammar. London: Longmans.

TEXTBOOKS: Hapgood, C. R. 1953. A Practical Introduction to Tonga. London: Longmans.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s
β v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: β f v s z

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO:

^Nc p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ f vʷ sʷ z z^j
cʷ many
c^j b t s z ⁿz m l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V Nˈ

TONES: hi lo

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 9 (men & animals, abstract, nouns derived from infinitives, small thin objects, nouns derived from verbs)

DEMONSTRAT: 4 (3+ near both speaker and person spoken to)

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/(DN) N-NUM/(NUM-N) N-POSS N+D+A

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1167

LANGUAGE: Tsonga

LOCATION: NE South Africa (Transvaal)

POPULATION: 1.5 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Tswa-Ronga

DICTIONARY: Cuenod, R. 1967. Tsonga-English Dictionary. Johannesburg: Swiss Mission in South Africa.

GRAMMAR: Ribeiro, Armando. 1965. Gramática Changana (Tsonga). Caniçado: Editorial Evangelizar.

TEXTBOOKS: Ouwehand, M. 1964. Everday Tsonga. Johannesburg: Swiss Mission in South Africa.

OTHERSOURC: Baumbach, E. J. M. 1974. Introduction to the Speech Sounds and Speech Sound Changes of Tsonga. Pretoria: J. L. van Schaik.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h k k^h
b d ɡ
p^f t^s t^sh ṭ^s ṭ^sh t^l t^lh č č^h
b^v d^z ḍ^z d^l ɡ̌
f s š
v z ɦ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    r

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: p^fb^v t^s t^s^h d^z ṭ^s ṭ^s^h ḍ^z t^l t^l^h d^l č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f v s z š ɦ

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ

VIBRANTS: r

CLICKS: (/ n/ g/)

MODIFIEDCO:

^Nc ?
c^j ?
cʷ k k^h ɡ ṭ^sn ñ ŋ l
c̤ (aspirated) b d ɡ ɡ̌ m n r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

TONES: hi lo

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 8 (people, plants, animals, fruit, abstract, instruments)

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3* 6*
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/(DN) N-NUM/NUM-N N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1168

LANGUAGE: Ronga

LOCATION: Mozambique

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Tswa-Ronga

DICTIONARY:

Quintão, José Luı́s. 1951a. Dicionários Xironga-Português e Português-Xironga. Lisbon: Agência Geral das Colónias.
Sá Nogueira, Rodrigo de. 1960. Dicionário Ronga-Português. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar.

GRAMMAR:

Junod, Henri A. 1896. Grammaire ronga. Lausanne: Georges Bridel.
Quintão, José Luı́s. 1951b. Gramática de Xironga (Landim). Lisbon: Agência Geral das Colónias.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ ṭ k
b d̪ ḍ ɡ
p^s t̪^s t^l č
(b^z) d̪^z d^l ɡ̌
f s̪ š h
(β) v z̪ ž
m n̪ ŋ
    l̪ ɬ̪
    ṛ

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ

AFFRICATES: p^s(b^z) t̪^s d̪^z t^l d^l č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: (β) f v s̪ z̪ š ž h

NASALS: m n̪ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪ ɬ̪

VIBRANTS: ṛ

MODIFIEDCO:

^Nc
c^j
cʷ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 8

DEMONSTRAT: 5 (3 + that further on, that very far)

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1169

LANGUAGE: Chopi

LOCATION: Mozambique

POPULATION: 200,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Chopi

DICTIONARY: Santos, Luı́s Feliciano dos. 1950. Dicionário Português-Chope e Chope-Português. Lourenço Marques: Imprensa Nacional.

GRAMMAR:

Santos, Luiz Feliciano dos. 1941. Gramática da Lı́ngua Chope. Lourenço Marques: Imprensa Nacional.
Junod, Henri Philippe. n.d. Éléments de grammaire tchopi. Lisbon: Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h k k^h
b ɓ (d) ɗ ɡ
p^f t^s t^sh č
(b^v) d^z ɡ̌
    s š h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p p^h b ɓ t t^h (d) ɗ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: p^f (b^v) t^s t^s^h d^z č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s š h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

CLICKS: || !

MODIFIEDCO:

^Nc p b t d k ɡ p^f t^s d^z č ɡ̌ s
c^j
cʷ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

SYLLABLE: Nˈ

TONES: hi mid lo

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

NOUNCLASSE: 8

DEMONSTRAT: 4 (3 + very far)

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND/(DN) N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1170

LANGUAGE: Tonga-Inhambane

LOCATION: Mozambique

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone S: Chopi

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 1171

LANGUAGE: Songhai

DIALECT: Zarma

LOCATION: SW Niger (Niamey)

POPULATION: 600,000 (175,000)

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Songhai

DICTIONARY: Marie, E. 1914. Vocabulaire français-djerma et djerma-français. Paris: Leroux.

GRAMMAR: Tersis, Nicole. 1972. Le Zarma. Paris: SELAF.

TEXTBOOKS: Cooper, Paul V. and Oliver Rice. 1966. Djerma Basic Course. Washington, D.C.: English Language Services.

CONSONANTS:

   p t c k kʷ
b d ɟ ɡ ɡʷ
f s x
    z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ

FRICATIVES: f s z x

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

MODIFIEDCO:

c̄ b t d k ɡ m n l r j
^Nc (p t c k s z) b d ɟ ɡ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL: ã (ı̃ ẽ õ)

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ

TONES: hi lo ris fall ris-fall fall-ris

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1172

LANGUAGE: Songhai

DIALECT: Gao

LOCATION: Mali (Gao)

POPULATION: 600,000

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Songhai

DICTIONARY:

Williamson, Kay. 1967. Songhai Word List. Research Notes from the Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages 1.3. Ibadan: Univ of Ibadan.
Zimmerman, D. W. 1968. Dictionaire français-sonrai. n.p.

GRAMMAR: GD: Prost, A. 1956. La langue sonay et ses dialects. Dakar: IFAN.

OTHERSOURC: Nicolaı̈, Robert. 1978. "Les parlers songhay occidentaux (Tombouctou-Jenne-Ngorku)," SAL 9, 1-34.

CONSONANTS:

   (p) t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s h
    z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: (p) b t d k ɡ

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f s z h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO:

c̄ p b t d k ɡ m n l r
^Nc (p) b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ f s z

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL: (ṽ)

DIPHTHONGS: aj aw ew

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1173

LANGUAGE: Songhai

DIALECT: Dendi

LOCATION: SW Niger

POPULATION: 600,000 (15,000)

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Songhai

DICTIONARY: Tersis, Nicole. 1968. Le dendi (Niger): phonologie, lexique dendi-français. BSELAF 10.

CONSONANTS:

   (p) t c k
b d ɟ ɡ
f s h
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: (p) b t d c ɟ k ɡ

FRICATIVES: f v s z h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ b t d k ɡ m n l r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: (v̄ all)

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ

TONES: hi lo fall

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1174

LANGUAGE: Songhai

DIALECT: West

LOCATION: Mali

POPULATION: 600,000 (15,000)

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Songhai

OTHERSOURC: E

CONSONANTS:

   (p) t c k
b d ɟ ɡ
f s h
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: (p) b t d c ɟ k ɡ

FRICATIVES: f v s z h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ b t d k ɡ m n l r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: (v̄ all)

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ

TONES: hi lo fall

SYNTAX: SVO

NUMBER: 1175

LANGUAGE: Kanuri

LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North Eastern)

POPULATION: 2.5 million

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Saharan: Western

DICTIONARY: Benton, Philip A. 1911. Kanuri Readings. London: Oxford Univ Press. [Reprinted 1968 in The Languages and Peoples of Bornu, vol. 2, London, Frank Cass]

GRAMMAR:

Benton, Philip A. 1917. Primer of Kanuri Grammar. London: Oxford Univ Press. [Reprinted 1968 in The Languages and Peoples of Bornu, vol 2, London.
GD: Lukas, Johannes. 1937. A Study of the Kanuri Language. London: Oxford Univ Press. [Reprinted 1967 by Dawsons of Pall Mall, London.]

TEXTBOOKS: Awobuluyi, Oladele. 1969. Introductory Kanuri. Washington D.C.: CAL.

OTHERSOURC:

Ward, Ida C. 1926. "Some Notes on the Pronunciation of the Kanuri Language of West Africa," BSOAS 4, 139-46.
Awobuluyi, Oladele. 1971. "The Phonology of Yerwa Kanuri," Research Notes from the Department of Linguistics and Nigerian Languages 4.1, 1-21. Ibadan: Univ of Ibadan.
STAL
LA

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š h
    z
m n n ̃ ŋ
    l ľ
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f s z š h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ľ

VIBRANTS: ɾ

MODIFIEDCO:

c̄
^Nc ?

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

DIPHTHONGS: ai ei oi ui au ea ǝi ǝu io iu ou

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C) Nˈ

TONES: hi lo ris fall

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: def indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA NG/(GN) ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

PREPPOST: (PREP)/POST

NUMBER: 1176

LANGUAGE: Kanembu

LOCATION: Chad

POPULATION: 2,250

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Saharan: Western

OTHERSOURC: WALS

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1177

LANGUAGE: Tubu

ALTERNATEN: Tebu, Kashirda

LOCATION: N Chad

POPULATION: 200,000

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Saharan: Western

GRAMMAR:

GD: Jourdan, P. 1935. Notes grammaticales et vocabulaire de la langue daza. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
Le Coeur, Charles and M. Le Coeur. 1955. Grammaire et textes teda-daza. Dakar: IFAN.

OTHERSOURC: LA

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
ɸ s š h
    z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: ɸ s z š h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i I e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ʋ o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL: ṽ

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN/NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+D+A

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1178

LANGUAGE: Zagawa

LOCATION: E Chad

POPULATION: 60,000

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Saharan: Eastern

OTHERSOURC: LA

CONSONANTS:

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i (I) e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u (ʋ) o ɔ

TONES: hi mid lo

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1179

LANGUAGE: Berti

LOCATION: N Sudan

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Saharan: Eastern

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 1180

LANGUAGE: Mimi₁

DIALECT: Gaudefroy-Demombynes

LOCATION: Sudan

CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Maban

OTHERSOURC: Gaudefroy-Demombynes, M. 1905. "Documents sur les langues de l'Oubangui-Chari," Actes du XVI Congrès International des Orientalistes."

CONSONANTS: