CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Cangin
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:122
LANGUAGE:Balant
ALTERNATEN:Balanta
LOCATION:Guinea Bissau
POPULATION:167,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Balant-Ganja
GRAMMAR:Wilson, W. A. A. 1961. "Outline of the Balanta Language," ALS 2, 139-68.
OTHERSOURC:Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Daker: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée.
CONSONANTS:
t k kp b d č f θ s h m n ñ ŋ l r
STOPS:b t d k kp
AFFRICATES:č
FRICATIVES:f θ s h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:Nc ?
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e ǝ o ɛ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all but ǝ
TONES:hi lo fall
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:6
DEMONSTRAT:3 + ref
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+D
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:123
LANGUAGE:Ganja
LOCATION:Senegal
POPULATION:130,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Balant-Ganja
GRAMMAR:GD: N'Diaye-Corréard, Geneviève. 1970. Études fca ou balante. Paris: SELAF.
OTHERSOURC:N'Diaye-Corréard, Geneviève. 1969. "Le systéme des classes du fca, ou balante (dialecte ganja)," JAL 8, 102-19.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ c k kp (ʔ) b d̪ ɟ ɡ ɡb f θ s h m n̪ ñ ŋ ŋʷ ŋm l̪ r
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb (ʔ)
FRICATIVES:f θ s h
NASALS:m n̪ ñ ŋ ŋʷ ŋm
LATERALS:l̪
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ l r Nc b t d ɟ ɡ ɡb f Ɵ s
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e ǝ o ɛ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all but ǝ
TONES:hi mid lo ris high-fall mid-fall
STRESS:root intial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:7
DEMONSTRAT:4: this present/this absent/that present/that absent + ref
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N- POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:124
LANGUAGE:Mankan
LOCATION:Guinea Bissau
POPULATION:20,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Manjaku-Papel
GRAMMAR:Trifkovič, Mirjana. 1969. Le mancagne. Dakar: IFAN.
OTHERSOURC:Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Daker: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée.
CONSONANTS:
p t (c) k b d ɟ ɡ č f θ š ɦ m n ñ (ŋ) l r
STOPS:p b t d (c) ɟ k ɡ
AFFRICATES:č
FRICATIVES:f θ š ɦ
NASALS:m n ñ (ŋ)
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ ɡ m n r Nc p b t d c ɟ k ɡ č f θ š
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e ø (ǝ) o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ø
CENTRALVOW:(ǝ) a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all but ø
STRESS:stem initial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:10
DEMONSTRAT:2
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6 3 & 6 vary with noun class
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:125
LANGUAGE:Manjaku
LOCATION:Senegal
POPULATION:84,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Manjaku-Papel
GRAMMAR:Carreira, António and João Basso Marques. 1947. Subsı́dios para o estudo da lı́ngua manjaca. Lisbon: Center de Estudos da Guiné Portuguesa.
CONSONANTS:
p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š h v z ž m n ñ l ʎ ɾ r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES:č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s z š ž h
NASALS:m n ñ
LATERALS:l ʎ
VIBRANTS:ɾ r
VOWELS:
i u e ǝ o ɛ ɐ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ ɐ a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL:ı̃ ẽ ã õ ũ
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:noun classes
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:NA ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:126
LANGUAGE:Papel
LOCATION:Guinea
POPULATION:36,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Manjaku-Papel
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:127
LANGUAGE:Bayot
LOCATION:Senegal
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:128
LANGUAGE:Karon
LOCATION:Senegal
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:129
LANGUAGE:Kwatay
LOCATION:Senegal
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:130
LANGUAGE:Diola
ALTERNATEN:Diola-Fogny
DIALECT:Fogny
LOCATION:Senegal
POPULATION:200,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
DICTIONARY:Wintz, Edouard. 1909. Dictionnaire français-dyola et dyola-français. Paris. [Reprinted 1968 by Gregg Press, Farnborough, England]
GRAMMAR:Sapir, J. David. 1965. A Grammar of Diola-Fogny. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press.
OTHERSOURC:
Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Dakar: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée. Kennedy, A.M. 1964. "Dialect in Diola," JAL 3, 96-101.
CONSONANTS:
p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f s (h) m n ñ ŋ l r
STOPS:p b t d c ɟ k ɡ
FRICATIVES:f s (h)
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:c̄ m n ñ ŋ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i_ u_ i u e ǝ o ɛ ɔ a i and u are lax; i̱ u̱ are tense; they have the same heiɡht.
FRONTVOWEL:i i̱ e ɛ (i and u are lax; i̱ u̱ are tense; they have the same heiɡht.)
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u u̱ o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)V(N)(C) Nˈ
STRESS:non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER:s (d) p (a dual is used for some body parts)
NOUNCLASSE:19
DEMONSTRAT:4 (3 + that way over there)
ARTICLES:def
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+D
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:131
LANGUAGE:Gusilay
LOCATION:Senegal
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:132
LANGUAGE:Badyara
LOCATION:Guinea
POPULATION:10,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
GRAMMAR:Ducos, Gisèle. 1971. Structure du badiaranke de Guinée et du Sénégal.
CONSONANTS:
p t c k b d ɟ f s h m n ñ ŋ l r
STOPS:p b t d c ɟ k
FRICATIVES:f s h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:Nc p b t d k
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e ǝ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C)
STRESS:initial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:noun classes
DEMONSTRAT:2
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:133
LANGUAGE:Banyun
LOCATION:Guinea Bissau
POPULATION:18,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
OTHERSOURC:Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Daker: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée.
CONSONANTS:
p t c k b d ɟ ɡ f s h m n ñ ŋ l r
STOPS:p b t d c ɟ k ɡ
FRICATIVES:f s h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:Nc ?
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i_ u_ i u e ǝ o ɛ ɔ a i̱ and u̱ are tense; i and u are lax.
FRONTVOWEL:i i̱ e ɛ (i̱ and u̱ are tense; i and u are lax.)
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u u̱ o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NUMBER:134
LANGUAGE:Basari
LOCATION:E Senegal
POPULATION:11,500
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
DICTIONARY:Ferry, Marie-Paule. 1968. Deux langues tenda du Sénégal oriental: basari et bedik. BSELAF 7.
CONSONANTS:
p t c k kʷ b ɓ d ɗ ɟ ʄ ɡ ɡʷ f s š x xʷ ɣ ɣ̃ m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ l r
STOPS:p b ɓ t d ɗ c ɟ ʄ k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ
FRICATIVES:f s š x ɣ ɣ̃ xʷ
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:Nc b d ɟ ɡ ɡʷ
GLIDES:j ȷ̃ w w̃
VOWELS:
i ɯ u e ɤ o ɛ ʌ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ɯ o ɤ ɔ ʌ
TONES:hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:8
SYNTAX:NA N-POSS
NUMBER:135
LANGUAGE:Bedik
LOCATION:E Senegal
POPULATION:1,500
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
DICTIONARY:Ferry, Marie-Paule. 1968. Deux langues tenda du Sénégal oriental: basari et bedik. BSELAF 7.
OTHERSOURC:Ferry, M.-P. 1968. "L'Alternance consonantique en bedik," JWAL 5, 91-6.
CONSONANTS:
p t c k b ɓ d ɗ ɟ ʄ ɡ f s š h ɣ ɣ̃ m n ñ ŋ l r
STOPS:p b ɓ t d ɗ c ɟ ʄ k ɡ
FRICATIVES:f s š ɣ ɣ̃ h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:Nc b d ɟ ɡ
GLIDES:j ȷ̃ w w̃
VOWELS:
i ɯ u e ɤ o ɛ ʌ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ɯ o ɤ ɔ ʌ
TONES:hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:8
SYNTAX:NA NG N-POSS
NUMBER:136
LANGUAGE:Biafada
LOCATION:Guinea Bissau
POPULATION:12,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:137
LANGUAGE:Kasanga
LOCATION:Guinea Bissau
POPULATION:420
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:138
LANGUAGE:Kobiana
LOCATION:Guinea Bissau
POPULATION:300
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:139
LANGUAGE:Konyagi
LOCATION:Guinea
POPULATION:85,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:140
LANGUAGE:Baga Mboteni
LOCATION:Guinea
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Mbulungish-Nalu