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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 121
LANGUAGE: Safan
LOCATION: Senegal
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Cangin
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 122
LANGUAGE: Balant
ALTERNATEN: Balanta
LOCATION: Guinea Bissau
POPULATION: 167,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Balant-Ganja
GRAMMAR: Wilson, W. A. A. 1961. "Outline of the Balanta Language," ALS 2, 139-68.
OTHERSOURC: Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Daker: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée.
CONSONANTS:

    t k kp
b d
    č
f θ s h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: b t d k kp
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: f θ s h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc ?
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but ǝ
TONES: hi lo fall
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 6
DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+D
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 123
LANGUAGE: Ganja
LOCATION: Senegal
POPULATION: 130,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Balant-Ganja
GRAMMAR: GD: N'Diaye-Corréard, Geneviève. 1970. Études fca ou balante. Paris: SELAF.
OTHERSOURC: N'Diaye-Corréard, Geneviève. 1969. "Le systéme des classes du fca, ou balante (dialecte ganja)," JAL 8, 102-19.
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ c k kp (ʔ)
b d̪ ɟ ɡ ɡb
f θ s h
m n̪ ñ ŋ ŋʷ ŋm
    l̪
    r

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb (ʔ)
FRICATIVES: f θ s h
NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ ŋʷ ŋm
LATERALS: l̪
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO:

   c̄ l r
Nc b t d ɟ ɡ ɡb f Ɵ s

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but ǝ
TONES: hi mid lo ris high-fall mid-fall
STRESS: root intial
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 7
DEMONSTRAT: 4: this present/this absent/that present/that absent + ref
SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N- POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 124
LANGUAGE: Mankan
LOCATION: Guinea Bissau
POPULATION: 20,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Manjaku-Papel
GRAMMAR: Trifkovič, Mirjana. 1969. Le mancagne. Dakar: IFAN.
OTHERSOURC: Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Daker: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée.
CONSONANTS:

   p t (c) k
b d ɟ ɡ
    č
f θ š
    ɦ
m n ñ (ŋ)
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d (c) ɟ k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: f θ š ɦ
NASALS: m n ñ (ŋ)
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO:

   c̄ ɡ m n r
Nc p b t d c ɟ k ɡ č f θ š

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e ø (ǝ) o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ø
CENTRALVOW: (ǝ) a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but ø
STRESS: stem initial
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 10
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 125
LANGUAGE: Manjaku
LOCATION: Senegal
POPULATION: 84,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Manjaku-Papel
GRAMMAR: Carreira, António and João Basso Marques. 1947. Subsı́dios para o estudo da lı́ngua manjaca. Lisbon: Center de Estudos da Guiné Portuguesa.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š h
v z ž
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    ɾ r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l ʎ
VIBRANTS: ɾ r
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɐ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ ɐ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ẽ ã õ ũ
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: noun classes
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: NA ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 126
LANGUAGE: Papel
LOCATION: Guinea
POPULATION: 36,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Manjaku-Papel
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 127
LANGUAGE: Bayot
LOCATION: Senegal
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 128
LANGUAGE: Karon
LOCATION: Senegal
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 129
LANGUAGE: Kwatay
LOCATION: Senegal
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 130
LANGUAGE: Diola
ALTERNATEN: Diola-Fogny
DIALECT: Fogny
LOCATION: Senegal
POPULATION: 200,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
DICTIONARY: Wintz, Edouard. 1909. Dictionnaire français-dyola et dyola-français. Paris. [Reprinted 1968 by Gregg Press, Farnborough, England]
GRAMMAR: Sapir, J. David. 1965. A Grammar of Diola-Fogny. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press.
OTHERSOURC:

   Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Dakar: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée.
Kennedy, A.M. 1964. "Dialect in Diola," JAL 3, 96-101.

CONSONANTS:

   p t c k
b d ɟ ɡ
f s (h)
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ
FRICATIVES: f s (h)
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ m n ñ ŋ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i_ u_
i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
    a
i and u are lax; i̱ u̱ are tense; they have the same heiɡht.

FRONTVOWEL: i i̱ e ɛ (i and u are lax; i̱ u̱ are tense; they have the same heiɡht.)
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u u̱ o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
SYLLABLE: (C)V(N)(C) Nˈ
STRESS: non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s (d) p (a dual is used for some body parts)
NOUNCLASSE: 19
DEMONSTRAT: 4 (3 + that way over there)
ARTICLES: def
SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+D
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 131
LANGUAGE: Gusilay
LOCATION: Senegal
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Bak: Diola
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 132
LANGUAGE: Badyara
LOCATION: Guinea
POPULATION: 10,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
GRAMMAR: Ducos, Gisèle. 1971. Structure du badiaranke de Guinée et du Sénégal.
CONSONANTS:

   p t c k
b d ɟ
f s h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d c ɟ k
FRICATIVES: f s h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc p b t d k
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
STRESS: initial
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: noun classes
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 133
LANGUAGE: Banyun
LOCATION: Guinea Bissau
POPULATION: 18,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
OTHERSOURC: Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Daker: Centre de Linguistique Appliquée.
CONSONANTS:

   p t c k
b d ɟ ɡ
f s h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ
FRICATIVES: f s h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc ?
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i_ u_
i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
    a
i̱ and u̱ are tense; i and u are lax.

FRONTVOWEL: i i̱ e ɛ (i̱ and u̱ are tense; i and u are lax.)
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u u̱ o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NUMBER: 134
LANGUAGE: Basari
LOCATION: E Senegal
POPULATION: 11,500
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kurumfe-Oti-Volta
DICTIONARY: Ferry, Marie-Paule. 1968. Deux langues tenda du Sénégal oriental: basari et bedik. BSELAF 7.
CONSONANTS:

   p t c k kʷ
b ɓ d ɗ ɟ ʄ ɡ ɡʷ
f s š x xʷ
    ɣ ɣ̃
m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ c ɟ ʄ k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ
FRICATIVES: f s š x ɣ ɣ̃ xʷ
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d ɟ ɡ ɡʷ
GLIDES: j ȷ̃ w w̃
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
e ɤ o
ɛ ʌ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ o ɤ ɔ ʌ
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 8
SYNTAX: NA N-POSS
NUMBER: 135
LANGUAGE: Bedik
LOCATION: E Senegal
POPULATION: 1,500
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
DICTIONARY: Ferry, Marie-Paule. 1968. Deux langues tenda du Sénégal oriental: basari et bedik. BSELAF 7.
OTHERSOURC: Ferry, M.-P. 1968. "L'Alternance consonantique en bedik," JWAL 5, 91-6.
CONSONANTS:

   p t c k
b ɓ d ɗ ɟ ʄ ɡ
f s š h
    ɣ ɣ̃
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ c ɟ ʄ k ɡ
FRICATIVES: f s š ɣ ɣ̃ h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d ɟ ɡ
GLIDES: j ȷ̃ w w̃
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
e ɤ o
ɛ ʌ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ o ɤ ɔ ʌ
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 8
SYNTAX: NA NG N-POSS
NUMBER: 136
LANGUAGE: Biafada
LOCATION: Guinea Bissau
POPULATION: 12,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 137
LANGUAGE: Kasanga
LOCATION: Guinea Bissau
POPULATION: 420
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 138
LANGUAGE: Kobiana
LOCATION: Guinea Bissau
POPULATION: 300
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 139
LANGUAGE: Konyagi
LOCATION: Guinea
POPULATION: 85,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Eastern Senegal-Portugese Guinea
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 140
LANGUAGE: Baga Mboteni
LOCATION: Guinea
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Mbulungish-Nalu
CONSONANTS:

   




typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-nounnumber,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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