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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 1221
LANGUAGE: Nyala
ALTERNATEN: Dar Fur Daju
LOCATION: Sudan
POPULATION: 80,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Western: Daju: Western
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1222
LANGUAGE: Lagawa
LOCATION: N Sudan
POPULATION: 80,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Western: Daju: Western
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1223
LANGUAGE: Nyalgulgule
LOCATION: Sudan
POPULATION: 900
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Western: Daju: Western
CONSONANTS:

   




NOUNNUMBER: s p
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3mf 6

SYNTAX: SVO/SOV NA NG N-POSS
NUMBER: 1224
LANGUAGE: Shilluk
LOCATION: SE Sudan
POPULATION: 110,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern
DICTIONARY: Heasty, J. A. 1937. English-Shilluk, Shilluk-English Dictionary. Dolieb Hill, Sudan: The American Mission.
GRAMMAR:

   Westermann, Diedrich. 1912a. A Short Grammar of the Shilluk Language. Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.
GD: Kohnen, B. 1933. Shilluk Grammar. Verona: Missioni Africane.

OTHERSOURC: Westermann, Diedrich. 1912b. THe Shilluk People: Their Language and Folklore. Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. [Reprinted 1971 by Negro Universities Press, Westport, Connecticut]
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f θ
ð ɣ
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f θ ð ɣ
NASALS: m n̪ n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all?
MODIFIEDVO:

    i̤ e̤ ǝ̤ a̤ ṳ o̤
v̤̄ all?

DIPHTHONGS: ai au ɔi ei
SYLLABLE: Nˈ
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1225
LANGUAGE: Anuak
ALTERNATEN: Päri
LOCATION: SW Ethiopia
POPULATION: 56,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern
GRAMMAR: Lusted, Marie. 1976. "Anywa," in NSLE, 495-512.
OTHERSOURC:

   Ohman, Walter A. et al. 1976. "Three Other Ethiopian Languages," in LE.
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   ph th kh
b d ɡ
    tθ č
    dð ɡ̌
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: ph b th d kh ɡ
AFFRICATES: tθ dð č ɡ̌
NASALS: m n̪ n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: ɾ
MODIFIEDCO: cʷ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO:

    i̤ a̤ o̤ (breathy)
ī̤ ɛ̤̄ ā̤ ō̤

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
TONES: hi lo
STRESS: on stem syllable
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: OVS/(SOV [in non-present tenses of the applicative aspect]) NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+D+Num
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1226
LANGUAGE: Anuak
DIALECT: Pari
LOCATION: SE Sudan
POPULATION: 56,000 (8,000)
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern
GRAMMAR: GD: Simeoni, Antonio. 1978. Päri: A Luo Language of Southern Sudan. Bologna: Editrice Missionaria Italiana.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
   θ
   ð
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: θ ð
NASALS: m n̪ n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i I e e> ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u ʋ o o< ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄
TONES: hi lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER: m f
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1227
LANGUAGE: Jur
LOCATION: SW Sudan
POPULATION: 5,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1228
LANGUAGE: Thuri
LOCATION: Sudan
POPULATION: 154,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1229
LANGUAGE: Bor1
LOCATION: SE Sudan
POPULATION: 6,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ t c k
b d̪ d ɟ ɡ
    ʁ
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ
FRICATIVES: ʁ
NASALS: m n̪ n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
NUMBER: 1230
LANGUAGE: Maban
LOCATION: Sudan
POPULATION: 20,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1231
LANGUAGE: Burun
LOCATION: Sudan
POPULATION: 18,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1232
LANGUAGE: Labwor
LOCATION: Uganda
POPULATION: 5,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1233
LANGUAGE: Lwo
LOCATION: Uganda
POPULATION: 5,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1234
LANGUAGE: Adhola
LOCATION: Uganda
POPULATION: 160,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1235
LANGUAGE: Luo
LOCATION: SW Kenya
POPULATION: 1.5 million
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern
GRAMMAR: Gregersen, Edgar. 1961. Luo: A Grammar. New Haven: Yale Univ Press.
TEXTBOOKS: Stafford, R. L. 1967. An Elementary Luo Grammar. Nairobi: Oxford Univ Press.
OTHERSOURC: LA
CONSONANTS:

   p t k (ʔ)
b d ɡ
   tθ č
   dð ɡ̌
f s h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ (ʔ)
AFFRICATES: tθ dð č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f s h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: ɾ
MODIFIEDCO: c̄
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO:

   vowel harmony
i̤ e̤ ɐ̤ ṳ o̤ v̤̄ all ?

TONES: hi-ris lo-fall downstep
STRESS: phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1236
LANGUAGE: Alur
LOCATION: NW Uganda
POPULATION: 200,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern
DICTIONARY:

   Vanneste, M. 1940. Woordenboek van de Alur-taal. Mahagi, Zaire.
Ukoko, Joseph, Jan Knappert and Marcel van Spaandonck. 1964. Essai de dictionnaire dho alur. Ghent: Univ of Ghent.

GRAMMAR: GD: Ringe, P. C. n.d. A Simple Alur Grammar and Alur-English-Alur Vocabularies. Kampala: Eagle Language Studies.
OTHERSOURC:

   Knappert, J. 1963. "The Verb in Dhó-Álúr," JAL 2, 101-27.
LA

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ t k (kp) (ʔ)
b ɓ d̪ d ɗ ɡ (ɡɓ)
    č
    ɡ̌
f s h
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t̪ d̪ t d ɗ k ɡ (kp) (ɡɓ) (ʔ)
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO:

   vowel harmony
Ḭ ɛ̰ ʋ̰ ɔ̰ (creaky)

SYLLABLE: Nˈ lˈ rˈ
TONES: hi lo downstep
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6 + indef

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1237
LANGUAGE: Lango
LOCATION: N Uganda (Lango)
POPULATION: 560,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern
OTHERSOURC: LA
CONSONANTS:

   




VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ
MODIFIEDVO: i̤ e̤ ɐ̤ ṳ o̤
TONES: hi low fall downstep
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1238
LANGUAGE: Acholi
ALTERNATEN: Akoli
LOCATION: N Uganda
POPULATION: 440,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern
DICTIONARY:

   Savage, G. A. R. 1955. A Short Acoli-English and English-Acoli Vocabulary. Kampala: The Eagle Press.
Malandra, Alfred. 1957. English-Lwoo Dictionary. Verona: Nigrizia.

GRAMMAR:

   GD: Crazzolara, J. P. 1955. A Study of the Acooli Language. London: Oxford Univ Press.
Malandra, Alfred. 1955. A New Acholi Grammar. Kamapala: The Eagle Press.

TEXTBOOKS: Savage, G. A. R. 1956. The Essentials of Lwo (Acoli). Kampala: East African Literature Bureau.
OTHERSOURC: LA
CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b d (ḍ) ɡ
pf tr č
bv ɡ̌
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d (ḍ) k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: pf bv tr č ɡ̌
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all?
MODIFIEDVO: i̤ e̤ ɐ̤ ṳ o̤
DIPHTHONGS: diphthongs
TONES: hi lo downstep
NOUNNUMBER: s (p) (a few plurals for kinship terms)
DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1239
LANGUAGE: Nuer
DIALECT: Western
LOCATION: SE Sudan
POPULATION: 350,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Dinka-Nuer
DICTIONARY:

   Huffman, Ray. 1929. Nuer-English Dictionary. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
Huffman, Ray. 1931. English-Nuer Dictionary. London: Oxford Univ Press.

GRAMMAR: Crazzolara, J. P. 1933. Outlines of a Nuer Grammar. Vienna: Anthropos.
OTHERSOURC:

   Westermann, Diedrich. 1912. "The Nuer Language," Sonderabdruck aus den Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen 15:3, 48-141.
LA

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ t c k
b d̪ d ɟ ɡ
    ʁ
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ
FRICATIVES: ʁ
NASALS: m n̪ n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j j̤ w w̤
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ʋ o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all?
MODIFIEDVO:

   v̤ all + ǝ
v̤̄ all?
Vowels show a contrast between hard voice (v) and breathy, hollow voice v̤).

DIPHTHONGS: ɛa ɔa
TONES: hi mid lo fall
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 (4di) 4ie
2 5
3 6
4di does not occur in independent pronouns

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1240
LANGUAGE: Atuot
LOCATION: SE Sudan
POPULATION: 25,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Dinka-Nuer
CONSONANTS:

   




typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-nounnumber,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-diphthongs,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-diphthongs,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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