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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 1281
LANGUAGE: Kaba
LOCATION: Central African Republic
POPULATION: 11,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Sara
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1282
LANGUAGE: Kaba Dunjo
LOCATION: Central African Republic
POPULATION: 17,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Sara
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1283
LANGUAGE: Mbai
LOCATION: N Central African Republic
POPULATION: 73,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Sara
DICTIONARY:

   Fortier, Joseph. 1953-61. Dictionnaire mbay-français. Moı̈ssala: Misson Catholique.
Caprile, Jean-Pierre. n.d. Lexique mbaı̈-français. Lyon: Afrique et Language.

GRAMMAR: Fortier, Joseph. 1971. Grammaire mbaye-moı̈ssala. Lyon: Afrique et Langage.
OTHERSOURC:

   Caprile, Jean-Pierre. 1968. Essai de phonologie d'un parler mbay. BSELAF 8.
Caprile, Jean-Pierre. 1971. La dénomination des couleurs chez les mbay de Moı̈ssala. Paris: SELAF.
WPF

CONSONANTS:

   (p) t k
b ɓ d ɗ̣ ɡ
    ɡ̌
    s h
m n
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: (p) b ɓ t d ɗ̣ k ɡ
AFFRICATES: ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: s h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: ɾ
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ṽ: all but ɔ
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
SYLLABLE: (C)V Nˈ lˈ rˈ
TONES: hi mid lo (+6 contour tones)
STRESS: initial
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP/POST
NUMBER: 1284
LANGUAGE: Sara
LOCATION: SW Chad
POPULATION: 47,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Sara
DICTIONARY: Hallaire, J. and J.Robinne. 1955-59. Dictionaire sara-français. Koumra-Fourviere, Chad.
GRAMMAR: Palayer, Pierre. 1970. Éléments de grammaire sar (Tchad). Lyon: Afrique et Langage.
OTHERSOURC: Bouquiaux, L. 1964. "A propos de la phonologie du sara," JAL 3, 160-72.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b ɓ d (ɗ) ɡ
    ɡ̌
    s h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
v̊ r ʔr

STOPS: p b ɓ t d (ɗ) k ɡ
AFFRICATES: ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: s h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: v̊ r ʔr
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ õ
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ lˈ rˈ
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1285
LANGUAGE: Babalia
LOCATION: W Chad
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1286
LANGUAGE: Bagirmi
LOCATION: SW Chad
POPULATION: 35,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
GRAMMAR:

   GD: Gaden, H. 1909. Essai de grammaire de la langue baguirmienne. Paris: Leroux.
Stevenson, R. C. 1969. Bagirmi Grammar. Khartoum: Univ of Khartoum.

OTHERSOURC: LA
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ ṭ c k (ʔ)
b ɓ d̪ ḍ ɗ̣ ɟ ʄ ɡ
(f) s (š) (h)
(v) (z)
m n̪ ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ ɗ̣ c ɟ ʄ k ɡ (ʔ)
FRICATIVES: (f) (v) s (z) (š) (h)
NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d ɟ ɡ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō
DIPHTHONGS: ai ei oi au ou ɨu
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+Num+D
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1287
LANGUAGE: Fongoro
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1288
LANGUAGE: Disa
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1289
LANGUAGE: Gele
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1290
LANGUAGE: Gula
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
OTHERSOURC: WALS
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 1291
LANGUAGE: Kenga
LOCATION: SC Chad
POPULATION: 23,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
GRAMMAR: Vandame, Charles. 1968. Grammaire kenga. Lyon: Afrique et Langage.
CONSONANTS:

   p t c k
b ɓ d ɗ ɟ (ʄ) ɡ
    s
    z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ c ɟ (ʄ) k ɡ
FRICATIVES: s z
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but ǝ
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ
TONES: hi mid lo (+ 6 ris/fall tones)
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP/POST
NUMBER: 1292
LANGUAGE: Kuka
LOCATION: SC Chad
POPULATION: 38,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1293
LANGUAGE: Furu
ALTERNATEN: Bagiro
LOCATION: Zaire
POPULATION: 5,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Kara
OTHERSOURC: WALS
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 1294
LANGUAGE: Kara
LOCATION: SW Sudan (NW Bahr al-Ghazal)
POPULATION: 1,900
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Kara
GRAMMAR: Santandrea, Stefano. 1970. Brief Grammar Outlines of the Yulu and Kara Languages. Bologna: Nigrizia.
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ c k kp
b ʔb d̪ ʔd̪ d ḍ ɟ ɡ ɡb
    č
    dz ɡ̌ ʔɡ̌
f (θ) s š h
v ʕ
m n ñ ŋ
    l
v̊ ɾ

STOPS: p b ʔb t̪ d̪ ʔd̪ d ḍ c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES: dz č ɡ̌ ʔɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v (θ) s š ʕ h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: v̊ ɾ
MODIFIEDCO:

   c̄ d k h l ...
Nc b d̪ kp ɡb

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i I e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u ʋ o ɔ
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1295
LANGUAGE: Yulu
LOCATION: SW Sudan (NW Bahr al-Ghazal)
POPULATION: 2,800
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Kara
GRAMMAR: Santandrea, Stefano. 1970. Brief Grammar Outlines of the Yulu and Kara Languages. Bologna: Nigrizia.
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k kp ʔ
b ʔb d̪ ḍ ʔɗ̣ ɡ ɡb
    č
    dz ɡ̌ ʔɡ̌
f s h
v ʕ
m n̪ ñ ŋ
    l
v̊ ɾ r

STOPS: p b ʔb t̪ d̪ ḍ ʔɗ̣ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
AFFRICATES: dz č ɡ̌ ʔɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s ʕ h
NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: v̊ ɾ r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d ɡb
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i (I) e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: (ǝ) a
BACKVOWELS: u (ʋ) o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1296
LANGUAGE: Moru
LOCATION: S Sudan
POPULATION: 23,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
OTHERSOURC: Cowan, William. 1965. "Note on the Phonemes of /mɔ̀rɔ́/," JAL 4,114-7.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ ɡb
    č
    ɡ̌
f s h
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r ɾ̣

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r ɾ̣
MODIFIEDCO:

   Nc b d ɡ ɡb ɡ̌ v z r
cʷ č ɡ̌ s z h

GLIDES:

   j w

VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ ɔ
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)(C)V(C)
TONES: hi mid lo fall
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO/SOV NA GN/NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1297
LANGUAGE: Avukaya
LOCATION: Sudan
POPULATION: 5,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1298
LANGUAGE: Kaliko
LOCATION: Zaire
POPULATION: 18,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1299
LANGUAGE: Logo
LOCATION: Zaire
POPULATION: 54,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
OTHERSOURC: LA
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO/SOV NA ND N-NUM POSS-N N+Num+D
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1300
LANGUAGE: Logbara
LOCATION: Uganda
POPULATION: 144,000
CLASSIFICA: Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
TEXTBOOKS: Barr, L. I. 1965. A Course in Lugbara. Kampala: East African Literature Bureau.
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k kp ʔ
b ɓ d̪ ɗ̣ ɡ ɡb
    ts ṭr
 dz ḍr
f s h
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ̣

STOPS: p b ɓ t̪ d̪ ɗ̣ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts dz ṭr ḍr
FRICATIVES: f v s z h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: ɾ̣
MODIFIEDCO: Nc b d ɡ ɡb ḍr v z
GLIDES: j ʔj w ʔw
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i I ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u ʋ ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ã
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO [def aspect]/SOV [indef aspect] NA NG/GN ND N-NUM N-POSS/POSS-N N+Num+D
PREPPOST: POST
typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-textbooks,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,
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