GRAMMAR:Fortier, Joseph. 1971. Grammaire mbaye-moı̈ssala. Lyon: Afrique et Langage.
OTHERSOURC:
Caprile, Jean-Pierre. 1968. Essai de phonologie d'un parler mbay. BSELAF 8. Caprile, Jean-Pierre. 1971. La dénomination des couleurs chez les mbay de Moı̈ssala. Paris: SELAF. WPF
CONSONANTS:
(p) t k b ɓ d ɗ̣ ɡ ɡ̌ s h m n l ɾ
STOPS:(p) b ɓ t d ɗ̣ k ɡ
AFFRICATES:ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:s h
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:ɾ
MODIFIEDCO:Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL:ṽ: all but ɔ
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)V Nˈ lˈ rˈ
TONES:hi mid lo (+6 contour tones)
STRESS:initial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP/POST
NUMBER:1284
LANGUAGE:Sara
LOCATION:SW Chad
POPULATION:47,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Sara
DICTIONARY:Hallaire, J. and J.Robinne. 1955-59. Dictionaire sara-français. Koumra-Fourviere, Chad.
GRAMMAR:Palayer, Pierre. 1970. Éléments de grammaire sar (Tchad). Lyon: Afrique et Langage.
OTHERSOURC:Bouquiaux, L. 1964. "A propos de la phonologie du sara," JAL 3, 160-72.
CONSONANTS:
p t k b ɓ d (ɗ) ɡ ɡ̌ s h m n ñ ŋ l v̊ r ʔr
STOPS:p b ɓ t d (ɗ) k ɡ
AFFRICATES:ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:s h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:v̊ r ʔr
MODIFIEDCO:Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL:ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ õ
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C) Nˈ lˈ rˈ
TONES:hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:2 + ref
PRONOUNS:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1285
LANGUAGE:Babalia
LOCATION:W Chad
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1286
LANGUAGE:Bagirmi
LOCATION:SW Chad
POPULATION:35,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
GRAMMAR:
GD: Gaden, H. 1909. Essai de grammaire de la langue baguirmienne. Paris: Leroux. Stevenson, R. C. 1969. Bagirmi Grammar. Khartoum: Univ of Khartoum.
OTHERSOURC:LA
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ ṭ c k (ʔ) b ɓ d̪ ḍ ɗ̣ ɟ ʄ ɡ (f) s (š) (h) (v) (z) m n̪ ñ ŋ l r
STOPS:p b ɓ t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ ɗ̣ c ɟ ʄ k ɡ (ʔ)
FRICATIVES:(f) (v) s (z) (š) (h)
NASALS:m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:Nc b d ɟ ɡ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ɨ ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:ī ē ā ū ō
DIPHTHONGS:ai ei oi au ou ɨu
TONES:hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:2
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+Num+D
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1287
LANGUAGE:Fongoro
LOCATION:Chad
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1288
LANGUAGE:Disa
LOCATION:Chad
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1289
LANGUAGE:Gele
LOCATION:Chad
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1290
LANGUAGE:Gula
LOCATION:Chad
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
OTHERSOURC:WALS
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SVO
NUMBER:1291
LANGUAGE:Kenga
LOCATION:SC Chad
POPULATION:23,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
GRAMMAR:Vandame, Charles. 1968. Grammaire kenga. Lyon: Afrique et Langage.
CONSONANTS:
p t c k b ɓ d ɗ ɟ (ʄ) ɡ s z m n ñ ŋ l r
STOPS:p b ɓ t d ɗ c ɟ (ʄ) k ɡ
FRICATIVES:s z
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all but ǝ
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C) Nˈ
TONES:hi mid lo (+ 6 ris/fall tones)
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:2
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP/POST
NUMBER:1292
LANGUAGE:Kuka
LOCATION:SC Chad
POPULATION:38,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Sara-Bagirmi: Bagirmi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1293
LANGUAGE:Furu
ALTERNATEN:Bagiro
LOCATION:Zaire
POPULATION:5,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Kara
OTHERSOURC:WALS
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SVO
NUMBER:1294
LANGUAGE:Kara
LOCATION:SW Sudan (NW Bahr al-Ghazal)
POPULATION:1,900
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Kara
GRAMMAR:Santandrea, Stefano. 1970. Brief Grammar Outlines of the Yulu and Kara Languages. Bologna: Nigrizia.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ c k kp b ʔb d̪ ʔd̪ d ḍ ɟ ɡ ɡb č dz ɡ̌ ʔɡ̌ f (θ) s š h v ʕ m n ñ ŋ l v̊ ɾ
STOPS:p b ʔb t̪ d̪ ʔd̪ d ḍ c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES:dz č ɡ̌ ʔɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v (θ) s š ʕ h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:v̊ ɾ
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ d k h l ... Nc b d̪ kp ɡb
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i I e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u ʋ o ɔ
TONES:hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1295
LANGUAGE:Yulu
LOCATION:SW Sudan (NW Bahr al-Ghazal)
POPULATION:2,800
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: West Central: Bongo-Bagirmi: Kara
GRAMMAR:Santandrea, Stefano. 1970. Brief Grammar Outlines of the Yulu and Kara Languages. Bologna: Nigrizia.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k kp ʔ b ʔb d̪ ḍ ʔɗ̣ ɡ ɡb č dz ɡ̌ ʔɡ̌ f s h v ʕ m n̪ ñ ŋ l v̊ ɾ r
STOPS:p b ʔb t̪ d̪ ḍ ʔɗ̣ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
AFFRICATES:dz č ɡ̌ ʔɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s ʕ h
NASALS:m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:v̊ ɾ r
MODIFIEDCO:Nc b d ɡb
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i (I) e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:(ǝ) a
BACKVOWELS:u (ʋ) o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
TONES:hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:2
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1296
LANGUAGE:Moru
LOCATION:S Sudan
POPULATION:23,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
OTHERSOURC:Cowan, William. 1965. "Note on the Phonemes of /mɔ̀rɔ́/," JAL 4,114-7.
CONSONANTS:
p t k kp b ɓ d ɗ ɡ ɡb č ɡ̌ f s h v z m n ñ ŋ l r ɾ̣
STOPS:p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES:č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s z h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r ɾ̣
MODIFIEDCO:
Nc b d ɡ ɡb ɡ̌ v z r cʷ č ɡ̌ s z h
GLIDES:
j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ɯ ɔ
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)(C)V(C)
TONES:hi mid lo fall
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO/SOV NA GN/NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:1297
LANGUAGE:Avukaya
LOCATION:Sudan
POPULATION:5,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1298
LANGUAGE:Kaliko
LOCATION:Zaire
POPULATION:18,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1299
LANGUAGE:Logo
LOCATION:Zaire
POPULATION:54,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
OTHERSOURC:LA
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SVO/SOV NA ND N-NUM POSS-N N+Num+D
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:1300
LANGUAGE:Logbara
LOCATION:Uganda
POPULATION:144,000
CLASSIFICA:Nilo-Saharan: Central Sudanic: East Central: Moru-Madi
TEXTBOOKS:Barr, L. I. 1965. A Course in Lugbara. Kampala: East African Literature Bureau.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k kp ʔ b ɓ d̪ ɗ̣ ɡ ɡb ts ṭr dz ḍr f s h v z m n ñ ŋ l ɾ̣