DICTIONARY:Cortade, Jean-Marie. 1967. Lexique français-touareg. Algiers: Arts et Métiers Graphiques.
GRAMMAR:
Prasse, Karl-G. 1972-74. Manuel de grammaire touaregue, 3 vols. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.
CONSONANTS:
t̪ k q (ʔ) b d̪ ɟ ɡ f s̪ š χ h z̪ ž ʁ m n̪ ñ l̪ r
STOPS: b t̪ d̪ ɟ k ɡ q (ʔ)
FRICATIVES:f s̪ z̪ š ž χ ʁ h
NASALS:m n̪ ñ
LATERALS:l̪
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ all cɒ t d z
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e æ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ ɐ
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all but ǝ ɐ v̄̄ (overlonɡ) all but ǝ ɐ
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C)
STRESS:non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER:s p
GENDER:m f
DEMONSTRAT:2 + ref
PRONOUNS:
1 4mf 2mf 5mf 3mf 6mf
SYNTAX:VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1327
LANGUAGE:Tamazheq
LOCATION:Niger
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Tuareg
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1328
LANGUAGE:Tamasheq
LOCATION:Niger
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Tuareg
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1329
LANGUAGE:Zenaga
LOCATION:SW Mauritania
POPULATION:16,000
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Western
GRAMMAR:Nicolas, F. 1953. La langue berbère de Mauritanie. Dakar: IFAN.
CONSONANTS:
t k q b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f θ s š h ð z ž ɣ (ʕ) m n ñ l r
STOPS: b t d k ɡ q
AFFRICATES:č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f θ ð s z š ž ɣ (ʕ) h
NASALS:m n ñ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ cɒ t d k θ ð s z l r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
NOUNNUMBER:s p
GENDER:m f
DEMONSTRAT:2 + ref
PRONOUNS:
1 4mf 2mf 5mf 3mf 6mf
SYNTAX:VSO/SVO NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1330
LANGUAGE:Shilha
LOCATION:SW Morocco
POPULATION:3 million
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Atlas
GRAMMAR:Applegate, Joseph R. 1958. An Outline of the Structure of Shilha. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.
OTHERSOURC: Nakano, Aki'o. 1976. Dialogues in Moroccan Shilha. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo Univ.
CONSONANTS:
t k q (ʔ) b d ɡ m n l r
STOPS: b t d k ɡ q (ʔ)
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ all but cɒ and ɡlides cɒ t d k s z l r cʷ k ɡ q χ ʁ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u
STRESS: final
SYNTAX:VSO NA
COMMENTS: Men, but not women, are bilingual in Arabic.
NUMBER:1331
LANGUAGE:Tamazight
DIALECT:Ayt Ayache
LOCATION:C Morocco
POPULATION:2 million
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Atlas
DICTIONARY:Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1971a. A Computerized Lexicon of Tamazight. Ann Arbor: Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, Univ of Michigan.
GRAMMAR: Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1971b. A Reference Grammar of Tamazight. Ann Arbor: Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, Univ of Michigan.
TEXTBOOKS: Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1971c. A Course in Spoken Tamazight. Ann Arbor: Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, Univ of Michigan.
OTHERSOURC: Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1968. Tamazight Verb Structure. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.
CONSONANTS:
t̪h k̄ q qʷ ʔ b d̪ ɡ̄ m n l̪ ɾ
STOPS: b t̪h d̪ k̄ ɡ̄ q qʷ ʔ
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l̪
VIBRANTS:ɾ
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ most cɒ t d s z l ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u
STRESS:final
NOUNNUMBER:s p
NOUNCLASSE:m f
DEMONSTRAT:2
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2mf 5mf 3mf 6mf
SYNTAX:VSO/(SVO) NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1332
LANGUAGE:Tamazight
DIALECT: Ait Ndhir
LOCATION:C Morocco
POPULATION:2 million
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Atlas
GRAMMAR:
Willms, Alfred. 1972. Grammatik der südlichen Beraberdialekte. Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin. Penchoen, Thomas G. 1973. Tamazight of the Ayt Ndhir. Los Angeles: Undena.
OTHERSOURC: Harries, Jeanette. 1970. "A Berber Tanšhat: In a Tamazight Dialect," BSOAS 33, 308-21.
CONSONANTS:
t̪ k kʷ q b d̪ ɡ ɡ̄ʷ č̄ ɡ̌̄ m n̪ l r
STOPS: b t̪ d̪ k kʷ ɡ ɡ̄ʷ q
AFFRICATES:č̄ ɡ̌̄
NASALS:m n̪
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ all but θ x xʷ β ð ɣ ɣʷ ʁ j w (č ɡ̌ ɡʷ are always lonɡ) cɒ t ð (s) z r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i æ
CENTRALVOW:(ǝ)
BACKVOWELS:u
STRESS:final
NOUNNUMBER:s p
GENDER:m f
DEMONSTRAT:2 + ref
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2mf 5mf 3mf 6mf
SYNTAX:VSO NA NG DN/ND NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1333
LANGUAGE:Kabyle
LOCATION:N Algeria
POPULATION:1 million
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Kabyle
DICTIONARY:Newmen, Francis William. 1887. Kabail Vocabulary. London: Trübner.
GRAMMAR:
Hanoteau, Adolphe. 1906. Essai de grammaire kabyle. Algiers. [Reprinted 1976 by Philo Press, Amsterdam.] Hanouz, S. 1968. Grammaire berbère. Paris: Klincksieck.
TEXTBOOKS:
Saı̈d, Boulifa S. A.1910. Une première année de langue kabyle. Algiers: Adolphe Tourdan. Vincennes, Louis de and J.-M. Dallet. 1960. Initiation à la langue berbère (Kabylie). Fort-Nationale, Algeria: Fichier de documentation berbère.
CONSONANTS:
t k kʷ q b d ɡ ɡʷ ts č dz ɡ̌ m n l r
STOPS: b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ q
AFFRICATES:ts dz č ɡ̌
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO:
c̄ cɒ t d s z r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS:u
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER:m f
DEMONSTRAT:2 + ref
ARTICLES:def indef
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2mf 5mf 3mf 6mf
SYNTAX:VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1334
LANGUAGE:Shawiya
LOCATION:NE Algeria
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Zenati
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1335
LANGUAGE:Tidikelt
LOCATION:Algeria
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Zenati
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1336
LANGUAGE:Tuat
LOCATION:C Algeria
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Zenati
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:1337
LANGUAGE:Riff
LOCATION:N Morocco
POPULATION:1 million
CLASSIFICA:Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Zenati
DICTIONARY:Ibañez, Esteban. 1959. Diccionario español-senhayi. Madrid: Instituto de Estudios Africanos.
