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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 1381
LANGUAGE: Kajakse
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Dangla
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1382
LANGUAGE: Kujarge
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Dangla
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1383
LANGUAGE: Toram
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Dangla
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1384
LANGUAGE: Sokoro
LOCATION: SW Chad (C Guera)
POPULATION: 8,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Sokoro
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1385
LANGUAGE: Barain
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Sokoro
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1386
LANGUAGE: Saba
LOCATION: Chad
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Sokoro
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1387
LANGUAGE: Tera
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 50,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Tera
GRAMMAR: Newman, Paul. 1970. A Grammar of Tera. UCPL 57.
OTHERSOURC: Newman, Paul. 1964. "A Word List of Tera," JWAL 1:2, 33-50.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ
b mb ɓ d nd ɗ ʄ ɡ ɡʷ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ ɠ
    č
    ɡ̌ ñɡ̌
f s š x xʷ
v z ž ɣ ɣʷ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

STOPS: p b mb ɓ t d nd ɗ ʄ k kʷ ɡ ɡʷ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ ɠ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌ ñɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x xʷ ɣ ɣʷ
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l ɬ ɮ
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: cj p ɓ v
GLIDES: j (w)
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
TONES: hi mid lo
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1388
LANGUAGE: Jara
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 40,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Tera
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1389
LANGUAGE: Ga'anda
LOCATION: E Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 10,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Tera
OTHERSOURC: Newman, Roxana Ma. 1971. "Downstep in Ga'anda," JAL 10, 15-27.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ
mb ɓ nd ɗ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ
    č
ñɡ̌
f s š x xʷ
m n ŋ
    l ɬ
    r

STOPS: p mb ɓ t nd ɗ k kʷ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ
AFFRICATES: č ñɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f s š x xʷ
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: cʷ k ŋɡ x
GLIDES: j ʔj w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
TONES: hi mid lo (ris) (fall) downstep downdrift
NOUNNUMBER: s p
ARTICLES: def
SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1390
LANGUAGE: Hona
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Tera
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1391
LANGUAGE: Bura
DIALECT: Pabir
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 100,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
OTHERSOURC: STAL
CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ž ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts dz č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x ɣ h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l ɬ ɮ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j ʔj w ʔw
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
TONES: hi lo
NUMBER: 1392
LANGUAGE: Chibak
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 20,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1393
LANGUAGE: Putai
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1394
LANGUAGE: Margi
DIALECT: Lassa
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 151,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
OTHERSOURC:

   STAL
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x
v z ž ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts dz č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x ɣ
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l ɬ ɮ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j ʔj w ʔw
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
TONES: hi lo
SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 1395
LANGUAGE: Margi
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 151,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
GRAMMAR: Hoffman, Carl. 1963. A Grammar of the Margi Language. London: Oxford Univ Press.
CONSONANTS:

   p pt t c k ʔ
b ɓ bd bɗ d ɗ ɟ ɡ
pts ts pč č
bdz dz bɡ̌ ɡ̌
f fs s fç š ç x
v vz z vj ̂ ž j ̂ ɣ
m n mñ ñ ŋ
    l ɬ bɮ
    ɮ
(v̊) r

STOPS: p b ɓ pt bd bɗ t d ɗ c ɟ k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: pts bdz ts dz pč bɡ̌ č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v fs vz s z š ž ç j ̂ fç vj ̂ x ɣ
NASALS: m n mñ ñ ŋ
LATERALS: bɮ l ɬ ɮ
VIBRANTS: (v̊) r
MODIFIEDCO:

   Nc p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ts dz č ɡ̌ š ɬ
cʷ p b ɓ mb t nt k ɡ ŋk ŋɡ nts f v s x ɣ m ŋ ɬ

GLIDES: j ʔj w ʔw
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u ɔ
TONES: hi lo ris (fall)
NUMBER: 1396
LANGUAGE: Kilba
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 80,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
OTHERSOURC: STAL
CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ž ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts dz č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x ɣ h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l ɬ ɮ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j ʔj w ʔw
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄
TONES:

   hi lo

NUMBER: 1397
LANGUAGE: Higi
DIALECT: Nkafa
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 203,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
OTHERSOURC:

   Mohrlang, Roger. 1971. "Vectors, Prosodies, and Higi Vowels," JAL 10, 75-86.
Mohrlang, Roger. 1972. Higi Phonology. Studies in Nigerian Languages, No. 2. Zaria: Institute of Linguistics.


CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x
v z ž ɣ
m n ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
v̊ r

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts dz č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x ɣ
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: l ɬ ɮ
VIBRANTS: v̊ r
MODIFIEDCO:

   Nc p b t d k ɡ ts dz č ɡ̌
cj all but r
cʷ all but l

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
SYLLABLE: (C)V
TONES: hi lo ris
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 1398
LANGUAGE: Higi
DIALECT: Baza
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 203,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
OTHERSOURC: STAL
CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ž ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

STOPS: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts dz č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x ɣ h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l ɬ ɮ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w ʔw
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
TONES:

   hi lo

NUMBER: 1399
LANGUAGE: Bana
LOCATION: Cameroon
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 1400
LANGUAGE: Sukur
LOCATION: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
POPULATION: 10,000
CLASSIFICA: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Mandara-Matakam
CONSONANTS:

   




typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-articles,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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