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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 161
LANGUAGE: Seme
ALTERNATEN: Siamou
LOCATION: Burkina Faso
POPULATION: 10,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru
GRAMMAR: Prost, André. 1964. Contribution à l'étude des langues voltaı̈ques. Dakar: IFAN.
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ c k kp
b d̪ ɟ ɡ ɡb
f s̪ h
v
m n̪ ñ ŋm
    l̪
    r

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ h
NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋm
LATERALS: l̪
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO:

   cj
cʷ

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i (y) u
e œ ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i (y) e œ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ẽ ã ũ õ
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)
TONES: hi hi-mid lo-mid lo (fall)
NOUNNUMBER: s p
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV GN DN N-NUM POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 162
LANGUAGE: Bete
DIALECT: Neyo
LOCATION: W Ivory Coast
POPULATION: 185,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
GRAMMAR: Thomann, Georges. 1905. Essai de manuel de la langue néouolé. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
OTHERSOURC: LWA
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    s š h
v z ž
m n ñ
    l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
FRICATIVES: v s z š ž h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i y u
I
e ø o
ɛ ɔ
    a ɑ

FRONTVOWEL: i y I e ø ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ ɑ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ ?
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ɛ̃ ã õ
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER: a i
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3ai 6ai

SYNTAX: SVO/SOV AN/NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 163
LANGUAGE: Godie
LOCATION: Ivory Coast
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 164
LANGUAGE: Dida
LOCATION: Ivory Coast
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 165
LANGUAGE: Bakwe
LOCATION: Liberia
POPULATION: 16,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Western
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 166
LANGUAGE: Kru
LOCATION: SE Liberia
POPULATION: 100,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
GRAMMAR: Rickard, David T. 1970. Kru Grammar. Monrovia: United Methodist Church.
OTHERSOURC: Lightfoot, Nancy. 1974. "Tones on Kru Monosyllables," AL 16, 425-41.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b d ɡb
č
ɡ̌
f s
m n ñ ŋm
    ľ

STOPS: p b t d k kp ɡb
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f s
NASALS: m n ñ ŋm
LATERALS: ľ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    ɔ
æ a

FRONTVOWEL: i e æ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NASALVOWEL:

   ṽ all
v̄̃ all

MODIFIEDVO:

   v̤ (muffled) e o
ṽ̤ e o

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V
TONES: hi mid lo [+ 6 gliding tones] downstep
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA GN ND POSS-N
NUMBER: 167
LANGUAGE: Grebo
LOCATION: SW Liberia
POPULATION: 50,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
DICTIONARY: Innes, Gordon. 1967. A Grebo-English Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press.
GRAMMAR: Innes, Gordon. 1966. An Introduction to Grebo. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, Univ of London.
CONSONANTS:

   p t c k kp
b d ɟ ɡ ɡb
f s h
m m̥ n n̥ ñ ŋ ŋm
    l l̥

STOPS: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb
FRICATIVES: f s h
NASALS: m m̥ n n̥ ñ ŋ ŋm
LATERALS: l l̥
GLIDES: j w w̃ w̥
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ ?
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO:

   vowel harmony
nasal harmony
e̤ o̤
In addition to the seven 'bright' vowels (i e ɛ a u o ɔ) there are two 'muffled' vowels (e̤ o̤).

SYLLABLE: (C)(l,w)V
TONES: hi hi-mid lo-mid lo fall
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3hH 6hH
H=non-human

SYNTAX: SVO/(SOV) AN/NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 168
LANGUAGE: Tajuason
LOCATION: Liberia
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 169
LANGUAGE: Klau
ALTERNATEN: Klao
LOCATION: Liberia
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
OTHERSOURC: WALS
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 170
LANGUAGE: Peripheral Klau
LOCATION: Liberia
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 171
LANGUAGE: Bassa
LOCATION: Liberia
POPULATION: 150,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 172
LANGUAGE: Dewoin
LOCATION: Liberia
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 173
LANGUAGE: Krahn
LOCATION: Liberia
POPULATION: 100,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 174
LANGUAGE: Guere
ALTERNATEN: We
LOCATION: Ivory Coast
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 175
LANGUAGE: Wobe
LOCATION: Ivory Coast
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 176
LANGUAGE: Nyabwa
LOCATION: Ivory Coast
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Kru: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 177
LANGUAGE: Dogon
LOCATION: S Mali
POPULATION: 149,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Dogon
DICTIONARY: Calame-Griaule, Geneviève. 1968. Dictionnaire dogon. Paris: Klincksieck.
GRAMMAR: Calame-Griaule, Geneviève. 1965. Ethnologie et langage: La parole chez les Dogon. Paris: Gallimard.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɟ ɡ
    s
v
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d ɟ k ɡ
FRICATIVES: v s
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all but ɛ ɔ
SYLLABLE: (C)V
TONES: hi lo
NOUNNUMBER: s (p)
DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 178
LANGUAGE: Bariba
LOCATION: Benin
POPULATION: 240,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur
OTHERSOURC: Welmers, William E. 1952. "Notes on the Structure of Bariba," Lg 28, 82-103.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
f s x
z
m n
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
FRICATIVES: f s z x
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: (v̄)
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃
TONES: hi mid lo ris fall
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 7
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N
NUMBER: 179
LANGUAGE: Kulango
LOCATION: Ivory Coast
POPULATION: 47,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kulango-Lorhon
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 180
LANGUAGE: Lorhon
LOCATION: Ivory Coast
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: North Central: Gur: Kulango-Lorhon
CONSONANTS:

   




typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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