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Назад: 1 20 50 Вперед: 1 20 50 100 200 \data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 1621
LANGUAGE: Hinux
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 200
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Avaro-Andi-Dido: Dido-Hinux
GRAMMAR: Bokarev, E. A. 1967. "Ginuxskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 436-54.
OTHERSOURC: TJD
CONSONANTS: p pʔ t̪ t̪ʔ k kʔ kʷ kʔ ʷ ʔ b d̪ ɡ ɡʷ t̪s t̪sʔ tl tlʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ qχ ʷ qχʔ ʷ m n̪ l ɬ r
STOPS: p pʔ b t̪ t̪ʔ d̪ k kʔ ɡ kʷ kʔ ʷ ɡʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s t̪sʔ tl tl ʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ qχ ʷ qχʔ ʷ
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ d s n l
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i y e
BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO: (v̰ (pharynɡealized) marɡinal)
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
STRESS: phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: m f a i [f, a & i all contain inanimate nouns, i.e. gender is not semantically pure.]
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS: 1 4 2 5 *3ai *6 a=m+f+a
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N Num+A+N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1622
LANGUAGE: Bezhta
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 2,500
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Avaro-Andi-Dido: Bezhta-Hunzib
GRAMMAR: Bokarev, E. A. and G. I. Madieva. 1967. "Bezhitinskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 455-71.
OTHERSOURC: TJD
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ t̪sh t̪sʔ tl tlʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ s̪ š χ h z̪ ž ʁ m n̪ l ɬ r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪sh t̪sʔ tl tlʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ
FRICATIVES: s̪ z̪ š ž χ ʁ h
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø æ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ
LONGVOWELS: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ẽ ũ õ ɑ̃
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
STRESS: non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: m f animate/inanimate inanimate/abstract
DEMONSTRAT: 3
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1623
LANGUAGE: Bezhta
DIALECT: Tljadal
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 2,500
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Avaro-Andi-Dido: Bezhta-Hunzib
OTHERSOURC: TJD
CONSONANTS: p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ ʔ b d ɡ t̪s t̪sʔ tl tlʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ m n̪ l ɬ r
STOPS: p pʔ b t tʔ d k kʔ ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s t̪sʔ tl tl ʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄
GLIDES: j
FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø æ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ
LONGVOWELS: ī ū ō ɑ̄
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ẽ ũ õ ɑ̃
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 6: m f + 4 misc
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1624
LANGUAGE: Hunzib
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 600
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Avaro-Andi-Dido: Bezhta-Hunzib
GRAMMAR: Bokarev, E. A. 1967. "Gunzibskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 472-87.
OTHERSOURC: TJD
CONSONANTS: p pʔ t̪ t̪ʔ k kʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ t̪sh t̪sʔ tl tlʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ m n̪ l ɬ r
STOPS: p pʔ b t̪ t̪ʔ d̪ k kʔ ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s h t̪sʔ tl tl ʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɤ ɑ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
STRESS: non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 6: m f anim mixed1 mixed2 the word `child'
DEMONSTRAT: 3
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1625
LANGUAGE: Lak
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 64,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lak-Dargwa
DICTIONARY: Murkelinskij, G. B. 1953. Russko-lakskij slovar'. Maxachkala. Xajdakov, S. M. 1962. Laksko-russkij slovar'. Moscow.
GRAMMAR: Zhirkov, L. I. 1955. Lakskij jazyk. Moscow: Academy of Sciences. Murkelinskij, G. B. 1967. "Lakskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 488-507.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ kh ʷ kʔ ʷ qh qʔ qh ʷ ʔ b d̪ ɡ tsh tsʔ tsʔ ʷ čh čʔ m n̪ l r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ kh ʷ kʔ ʷ qh qʔ qh ʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts h tsʔ tsʔ ʷ čh čʔ
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ ph th kh qh ts č s š x χ
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO: ḛ ø̰ æ̰ only (pharynɡealized)
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)(C)
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 5: m f anim & inan, things & ideas, the word 'house'
DEMONSTRAT: 5 (3 + that above, that below)
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1626
LANGUAGE: Dargwa
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 160,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lak-Dargwa
GRAMMAR: Abdullaev, Z. G. 1967. "Darginskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 508-23.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ qh qʔ ʔ d̪ ɡ G t̪sh t̪sʔ čh čʔ d̪z ɡ̌ m n̪ l r
STOPS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ qh qʔ G ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s h t̪sʔ d̪z čh čʔ ɡ̌
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u
MODIFIEDVO: ǝ̰ (pharynɡealized)
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 3: m f a+i
DEMONSTRAT: 4: near, far, above, below
SYNTAX: SOV AN
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1627
LANGUAGE: Dargwa
DIALECT: Kubachi
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 160,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lak-Dargwa
GRAMMAR: Magometov, A. A. 1963. Kubachinskij jazyk. Tbilisi: Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ th tʔ kh kʔ qh qʔ ʔ b d ɡ ts tsʔ č čʔ m n̪ l r
STOPS: ph pʔ b th tʔ d kh kʔ ɡ qh qʔ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts tsʔ č čʔ
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ ph th kh qh s š x χ ts č
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
DIPHTHONGS: wa ja wi ji ju iw ij aj
STRESS: phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 3: masc hum/fem hum/non-hum (pl: hum/non-hum only)
DEMONSTRAT: 5 (3 + that above, that below)
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1628
LANGUAGE: Archi
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 1,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian
GRAMMAR: Xajdakov, C. M. 1967. "Archinskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 608-26. Mikailov, K. S. 1967. Archinskij jazyk. Maxachkala.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ t̪sh t̪sʔ tl čh čʔ qχ qχʔ s š χ h z ž ʁ ʕ m n̪ l ɬ r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s h t̪sʔ tl čh čʔ qχ qχʔ
FRICATIVES: s z š ž χ ʁ ʕ h
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
MODIFIEDVO: v̰ (pharynɡealized): all
DIPHTHONGS: diphthongs
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)(C)
STRESS: initial
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: m f an inan+diminutives (pl: 1 class)
DEMONSTRAT: 5 (3 + that above, that below)
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1629
LANGUAGE: Xinalug
LOCATION: Azerbaijan
POPULATION: 1,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian
GRAMMAR: Desheriev, J. D. 1959. Grammatika xinalugskogo jazyka. Moscow: Academy of Sciences. Desheriev, J. D. 1967. "Xinalugskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 659-75.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ qʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ t̪s t̪sʔ čh čʔ qχh d̪z ɡ̌ m n l ɬ r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ qʔ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s t̪sʔ d̪z čh čʔ ɡ̌ qχ h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ th tʔ kh qχ h ts h čh cj kh kʔ cʷ p tsʔ s čʔ tʔ ts h š kh kʔ ɣ qʔ qχ h
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS: i y ɨ u e ø ǝ o æ ɑ
FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø æ
CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ǝ̃ ũ õ ɑ̃
DIPHTHONGS: ui oi ai ãi (ũi) (õi)
STRESS: root initial
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: masc hum, fem hum, anim, inan
PRONOUNS: 1 4ie 2 5 *3mM *6hN m=masc M=non-masc h=m+f N=a+i
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N Num+A+N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1630
LANGUAGE: Lezgi
ALTERNATEN: Lezgian
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 220,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
DICTIONARY: Talibov, B. and M. Gadzhiev. 1966. Lezginsko-russkij slovar'. Moscow: Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija. Gadzhiev, M. M. 1951. Russko-lezginskij slovar'. Maxachkala.
GRAMMAR: Mejlanova, U. A. 1967. "Lezginskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 528-44.
CONSONANTS: p ph pʔ t̪ t̪h t̪ʔ k kh kʔ q qʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ t̪s t̪sh t̪sʔ č čh čʔ qχh f s̪ š x χ h v z̪ ž ʁ m n̪ l r
STOPS: p ph pʔ b t̪ t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ k kh kʔ ɡ q qʔ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s t̪s h t̪sʔ č čh čʔ qχ h
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ š ž x χ ʁ h
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: cʷ t tʔ k kʔ ɡ q qχh qʔ ts tsʔ s z x χ ʁ
GLIDES: j
FRONTVOWEL: i y e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
STRESS: 2nd from beginning
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 5 (3 + that above, that below) + ref
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1631
LANGUAGE: Lezgi
ALTERNATEN: Lezgian
DIALECT: Kjuri
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 220,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
GRAMMAR: Mejanova, U. A. 1970. Gjunejskij dialekt - osnova lezginskogo literaturnogo jazyka. Maxachkala.
OTHERSOURC: Mejlanova, U. A. 1964. Ocherki lezginskoj dialektologii. Moscow: Nauka.
CONSONANTS: p ph pʔ t th tʔ k kh kʔ qʔ ʔ b d ɡ ts tsh tsʔ č čh čʔ qχ qχh dz ɡ̌ m n l r
STOPS: p ph pʔ b t th tʔ d k kh kʔ ɡ qʔ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts ts h tsʔ dz č čh čʔ ɡ̌ qχ qχ h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: cʷ t th tʔ k kh kʔ ɡ qʔ ts tsh tsʔ qχ qχh s z x ɣ χ ʁ
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i y e æ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u
LONGVOWELS: ī ǣ ā ū
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
STRESS: 2nd syllable from beginning
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: remnants of noun classes only
DEMONSTRAT: 8 (3 + that very far, that above, that way above, that below, that way below)
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1632
LANGUAGE: Tabasaran
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 35,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
GRAMMAR: Zhirkov, L. I. 1948. Tabasaranskij jazyk. Moscow: Academy of Sciences. Magometov, A. A. 1965. Tabasaranskij jazyk. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. Xanmagomedov, B. G. K. 1967. "Tabasaranskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 545-61.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ qh qʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ t̪sh t̪sʔ čh čʔ d̪z ɡ̌ m n̪ l r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ qh qʔ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s h t̪sʔ d̪z čh čʔ ɡ̌
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ ph th kh qh tsh čh čh ʷ f s š šʷ x χ cʷ kh k̄h ɡ kʔ qh q̄h qʔ š s̄̌ ž χ ʁ
GLIDES: j
FRONTVOWEL: i y e æ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
STRESS: phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER: hum non-hum [no noun classes in the pl]
DEMONSTRAT: 5 (3 + that above, that below)
PRONOUNS: 1 4ie 2 5 *3hH *6 h=hum, H=non-hum
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1633
LANGUAGE: Agul
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 7,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
GRAMMAR: Magometov, A. A. 1967. "Agul'skij jazyk," in JNS 4, 562-79. Magometov, A. A. 1970. Agul'skij jazyk. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ qh qʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ tsh tsʔ čh čʔ ɡ̌ m n̪ l r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ qh qʔ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts h tsʔ čh čʔ ɡ̌
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ ph th kh qh tsh čh čh ʷ f s sʷ š x χ cʷ many
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i y e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u
MODIFIEDVO: v̰ (pharynɡealized) ?
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: [fossilized traces of hum/non-hum]
DEMONSTRAT: 4(2+that above, that below)
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1634
LANGUAGE: Rutul
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 10,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
GRAMMAR: Dzhejranishvili, E. F. 1967. "Rutul'skij jazyk," in JNS 4, 580-90.
CONSONANTS: ph (pʔ ) t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ qh qʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ G t̪sh t̪sʔ čh čʔ (d̪z ) ɡ̌ f s̪ š x h v z̪ ɣ m n̪ l r
STOPS: ph (pʔ ) b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ qh qʔ G ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s h t̪sʔ (d̪z ) čh čʔ ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ š ž x ɣ h
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ p b t k q ts č ɣ h
GLIDES: j
VOWELS: i y u e ø ǝ o æ a
FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø æ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
MODIFIEDVO: ḭ ḛ ǝ̰ a̰ ṵ o̰ (pharynɡealized)
STRESS: penult
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: m f a i [no noun classes for pl]
DEMONSTRAT: 2
SYNTAX: SOV NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1635
LANGUAGE: Tsaxur
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 20,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
GRAMMAR: Talibov, B. B. 1967. "Tsaxurskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 591-607.
OTHERSOURC: Ibragimov, G. X. 1968. Fonetika tsaxurskogo jazyka. Maxachkala.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ qh qʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ t̪sh t̪sʔ čh čʔ ɡ̌ f s̪ š x χ h v z̪ ɣ ʁ m n̪ l r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ qh qʔ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s h t̪sʔ čh čʔ ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ š x ɣ χ ʁ h
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ p t k q ts č s š x χ cʷ many
GLIDES: j
FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but ɨ u
MODIFIEDVO: v̰ (pharynɡealized) all v̰̄ o a only
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)(C) [no CCVCC]
STRESS: second
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: masc hum/fem hum/anim/inan [pl: hum/non-hum]
DEMONSTRAT: 3
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1636
LANGUAGE: Kryts
LOCATION: Azerbaijan
POPULATION: 6,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
GRAMMAR: Saadiev, S. M. 1967. "Kryzskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 627-42.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ kh ʷ kʔ ʷ qh qʔ qh ʷ qʔ ʷ ʔ b d̪ ɡ ɡʷ G t̪sh t̪sʔ čh čʔ d̪z ɡ̌ f s̪ š x ħ h v z̪ ž ɣ ʕ m n̪ l r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ kh ʷ kʔ ʷ ɡʷ qh qʔ G qh ʷ qʔ ʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s h t̪sʔ d̪z čh čʔ ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ š ž x ɣ ħ ʕ h
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j
VOWELS: i y ɨ u e ø o æ ɑ
FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø æ
CENTRALVOW: ɨ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)(C)
STRESS: non-phonemic?
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: m f a i
DEMONSTRAT: 2
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1637
LANGUAGE: Budux
LOCATION: Azerbaijan
POPULATION: 2,000
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
GRAMMAR: Desheriev, J. D. 1967. "Buduxskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 643-58.
CONSONANTS: p pʔ t̪ t̪ʔ k kʔ ʔ b d̪ ɡ t̪s t̪sʔ č čʔ qχ qχʔ d̪z ɡ̌ f s̪ š x χ ħ h z̪ ž ɣ ʁ ʕ m n l r
STOPS: p pʔ b t̪ t̪ʔ d̪ k kʔ ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: t̪s t̪sʔ d̪z č čʔ ɡ̌ qχ qχʔ
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS: i y ɨ u e ø ǝ o æ ɑ
FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø æ
CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)(C)
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: masc hum/fem hum/neut1 /neut2 (n1 & n2 contain animals, objects, ideas, and natural phenomena)
DEMONSTRAT: 2
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1638
LANGUAGE: Udi
LOCATION: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)
POPULATION: 3,700
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Northeast: Dagestan: Lezgian: Lezgian Proper
DICTIONARY: Gukasjan, Voroshil. 1974. Udinsko-azerbajdzhansko-russkij slovar'. Baku: Elm.
GRAMMAR: Panchvidze, V. N. and E. F. Dzhejranishvili. 1967. "Udinskij jazyk," in JNS 4, 676-88.
CONSONANTS: ph pʔ t̪h t̪ʔ kh kʔ qʔ qh b d̪ ɡ t̪sh t̪sʔ čh čʔ d̪z ɡ̌ f s̪ š x h v z̪ ž ɣ m n̪ l̪ r
STOPS: ph pʔ b t̪h t̪ʔ d̪ kh kʔ ɡ qʔ qh
AFFRICATES: t̪sh t̪sʔ d̪z čh čʔ ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ š ž x ɣ h
NASALS: m n̪
LATERALS: l̪
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ čh čʔ ɡ̌ š ž
GLIDES: j
FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø æ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ
MODIFIEDVO: ḭ ḛ ṵ o̰ ɑ̰ (pharynɡealized)
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
STRESS: final
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3
SYNTAX: SOV AN DN NUM-N
ERGATIVE: erg
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 1639
LANGUAGE: Burushaski
DIALECT: Werchikwar
LOCATION: N Pakistan (Jasin)
POPULATION: 40,000 (10,000)
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian
DICTIONARY: Lorimerm D.L.R. 1962. Werchikwar English Vocabulary. Oslo: Norwegian Universities Press.
GRAMMAR: GD: Berger, Hermann. 1974. Das Yasin-Burushaski (Werchikwar). Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
CONSONANTS: p ph t th ṭ th k kh q b d ḍ ɡ ts ṭs č ḍz ɡ̌ s ṣ š χ h z ʁ m n ŋ l r
STOPS: p ph b t th d ṭ th ḍ k kh ɡ q
AFFRICATES: ts ṭs ḍz č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: s z ṣ š χ ʁ h
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄
STRESS: phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 4: m f x y [x y represent 2 classes]
ARTICLES: indef
PRONOUNS: 1 4 2 5 *3mfai *6hai
SYNTAX: SOV POSS-N
NUMBER: 1640
LANGUAGE: Burushaski
DIALECT: Hunza
LOCATION: N Pakistan (Hunza)
POPULATION: 40,000 (30,000)
CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian
DICTIONARY: GD: Lorimer, D.L.R. 1935-38. The Burushaski Language 3 vols. Oslo: H. Aschehony.
GRAMMAR: Klimov. G.A. and D.I. Edel'man. 1970. Jazyk burushaski. Moscow: Nauka.
OTHERSOURC: Morgenstierne, Georg. 1945. "Notes on Burushaski Phonology," Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap 13, 61-95. Vogt, Hans. 1945. "The Plural of Nouns and Adjectives in Burushaski," Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap 13, 96-129. Borgstrøm Carl H. 1945. "The Categories of Person, Number and Class in the Verbal System of Burushaski," Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap 13, 130-47. Varma, Siddheshwar. 1931. "Burushaski Texts," IL 1, 256-82.
CONSONANTS: p ph t th ṭ ṭh k kh q qh b d ḍ ɡ ts tsh č̣ č̣h č čh ɡ̣̌ ɡ̌ (f) s ṣ̌ š (x) h z ʁ m n ŋ l r
STOPS: p ph b t th d ṭ ṭh ḍ k kh ɡ q qh
AFFRICATES: ts ts h č̣ č̣h ɡ̣̌ č čh ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: (f) s z ṣ̌ š (x) ʁ h
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
DIPHTHONGS: ai au
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)(C)
TONES: ?
STRESS: non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER: m f a i
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS: 1 4 2 5 *3mfai *6mfai
SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE: Erg
PREPPOST: POST
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