Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 1641

LANGUAGE: Ket

DIALECT: Imbat

LOCATION: C Russia

POPULATION: 1,000

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Yeniseian

GRAMMAR: Krejnovich, E.A. 1968. "Ketskij jazyk," in JNS 5, 453-73

CONSONANTS:

   p t k q ʔ
b d
    s x
    ɣ ʁ
m n ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k q ʔ

FRICATIVES: s x ɣ ʁ

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c^j t d s n l r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɐ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ ɐ a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)(C) [no ccvcc]

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f n

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3mf 6
Gender is distinguished only in oblique cases.

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST: /POST

NUMBER: 1642

LANGUAGE: Ket

DIALECT: Pakulixa

LOCATION: C Russia

POPULATION: 1,000

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Yeniseian

OTHERSOURC: Segal, D.M. 1968. "Fonologija ketskogo jazyka," in Ketskij sbornik, vol. 1, Moscow, Nauka, 26-74

CONSONANTS:

    t k q ʔ
b d
    š h
m n ŋ
    ʎ

STOPS: b t d k q ʔ

FRICATIVES: š h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: ʎ

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST: /POST

NUMBER: 1643

LANGUAGE: Ket

DIALECT: Sym

LOCATION: C Russia

POPULATION: 1,000 (8)

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Yeniseian

OTHERSOURC: Verner, G.K. 1968. "Sistema soglasnyx fonem symskogo dialekta ketskogo jazyka," in Ketskij sbornik, vol.1, Moscow, Nauka, 15-25.

CONSONANTS:

    t k ʔ
b d
    č
f s x
m n ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: b t d k ʔ

AFFRICATES: č

FRICATIVES: f s x

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c^j d n l

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST: /POST

NUMBER: 1644

LANGUAGE: Ket

DIALECT: Sulomaj

LOCATION: C Russia

POPULATION: 1,000

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Yeniseian

OTHERSOURC: Krejnovich, E.A. 1969. "Medvezhij prazdnik u ketov," in Ketskij sbornik, vol. 2, Moscow, Nauka, 6-112.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k q ʔ
b d ɡ
    s x χ
    ɣ
m n ŋ
    l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ q ʔ

FRICATIVES: s x ɣ χ

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO: c^j t d s n l

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i ɯ u
e ɤ o
ɛ ʌ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ ɯ ɤ ʌ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but e o

SYNTAX: SOV

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 1645

LANGUAGE: Ket

LOCATION: C Russia (Yenisei River)

POPULATION: 1,000

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Caucasian: Yeniseian

GRAMMAR: Dul'zon, A.P. 1968. Ketskij jazyk. Tomsk: Tomsk Univ. Press.

CONSONANTS:

    t k q ʔ
b d d^j
    č
f s x h
m n ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: b t d d^j k q ʔ

AFFRICATES: č

FRICATIVES: f s x h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: (v̄)

DIPHTHONGS: aj ej ɨj ǝj oj ui ie oa ɨe ǝæ ǝa

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: mostly initial

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: a i

DEMONSTRAT: 3 [that=ref]

ARTICLES: indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST: /POST

NUMBER: 1646

LANGUAGE: Etruscan

LOCATION: N Italy

POPULATION: (+)c. 400 AD

CLASSIFICA: ?Eurasiatic

GRAMMAR: Bonfante, Larissa. 1990. Etruscan: Univ of California Press.
Pfiffig, Ambros Josef. 1969. Die etruskische Sprache. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt.
Pallottino, M. 1936. Elementi di lingua etrusca. Florence.

OTHERSOURC: Fowler, Murray. 1974. "Etruscan Language," EB 6, 1018-9.
Pallottino, M. 1955. The Etruscans. Baltimore: Penguin.
Pallottino, M. 1977. "La lingua degli Etruschi," Popoli e civiltà dell'Italia antica 6.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h k k^h
    t^sh
f s š h
v
m n
    l
    r

STOPS: p p^h t t^h k k^h

AFFRICATES: t^s^h

FRICATIVES: f v s š h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

VOWELS:

i u
e
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

DIPHTHONGS: ai au ei eu ui

STRESS: initial

NOUNNUMBER: s p

SYNTAX: SVO GN N-NUM

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

NUMBER: 1647

LANGUAGE: Hittite

LOCATION: Turkey

POPULATION: extinct (c. 1300 B.C.)

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Anatolian

GRAMMAR: Sturtevant, Edgar H. 1951. A Comparative Grammar of the Hittite Language. New Haven: Yale Univ Press.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k
b d̪ ɡ
    t^s
    s x h
    ɣ
m n̪
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: s x ɣ h

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ ?

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: v̄ ?

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: common(=m+f) neuter

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1648

LANGUAGE: Palaic

LOCATION: Turkey

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Anatolian

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1649

LANGUAGE: Lydian

LOCATION: Turkey

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Anatolian

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1650

LANGUAGE: Luwian

LOCATION: Turkey

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Anatolian

DICTIONARY: Laroche, Emmanuel. 1959. Dictionnaire de la langue louvite. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve.

CONSONANTS:

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: anim inan

DEMONSTRAT: 2

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN

NUMBER: 1651

LANGUAGE: Lycian

LOCATION: Turkey

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Anatolian

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1652

LANGUAGE: Proto-Indo-European

LOCATION: Ukraine

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European

GRAMMAR:

Meillet, A. 1937. Introduction à l'étude des langues indo-européennes. Paris.
Hudson-Williams, T. 1935. A Short Introduction to the Study of çomparative Grammar (Indo-European). Cardiff: Univ of Wales Press.

OTHERSOURC: CTIL 9, 122.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k kʷ ʔ
(b) b̤ d̪ d̪̣ ɡ ɡ̤ ɡʷ ɡ̤ʷ
    s h
m n̪
    l
    r

STOPS: p (b) b̤ t̪ d̪ d̪̤ k ɡ ɡ̤ kʷ ɡʷ ɡ̤ʷ ʔ

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: cʷ k ɡ ɡ̤

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but ǝ

DIPHTHONGS: ei oi ai eu ou au

SYLLABLE: mˈ nˈ lˈ rˈ

NOUNNUMBER: s d p

GENDER: m f n

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
*3 *6d *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

NUMBER: 1653

LANGUAGE: Classical Armenian

ALTERNATEN: Grabar

LOCATION: Armenia

POPULATION: extinct (c. 1300 B.C.)

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Armenian

DICTIONARY: Meillet, A. 1936. Esquisse d'une grammaire comparée de l'arménien classique. Vienna: Mekhitharistes.

GRAMMAR:

Jensen, Hans. 1959. Altarmenische Grammatik. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
Tumanjan, E. G. 1971. Drevnearmjanskij jazyk. Moscow: Nauka.
Damme, Dirk van. 1974. A Short Classical Armenian Grammar. Fribourg: Univ Press.
Mann, Stuart E. 1968. An Armenian Historical Grammar in Latin Characters. London: Luzac.

OTHERSOURC: Mann, Stuart E. 1963. Armerian and Indo-European. London: Luzac.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h k k^h
b d̪ ɡ
    t^s t^sh č č^h
    d^z ɡ̌
(f) s š x h
v z ž (ɣ)
m n̪
    l l^ɯ
    ɾ r

STOPS: p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^hd^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: (f) v s z š ž x (ɣ) h

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l l^ɯ

VIBRANTS: ɾ r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

DIPHTHONGS: aj aw ea ew iw oj ja eaj iaj

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)(C)

STRESS: final

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: VSO NA/(AN) NG ND NUM-N N-POSS/POSS-N

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1654

LANGUAGE: Armenian

DIALECT: East

LOCATION: Armenia

POPULATION: 6 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Armenian

GRAMMAR: Tumanjan, E. G. 1966. "Armjanskij jazyk," in JNS 1, 562-98.

OTHERSOURC: AL 7:8

CONSONANTS:

   p^h p^ʔ t̪^h t^ʔ k^h k^ʔ
b d̪ ɡ
    t^sh t^sʔ č^h č^ʔ
    d^z ɡ̌
f s̪ š x h
v z̪ ž ɣ
m n̪
    l
    ɾ r

STOPS: p^h p^ʔ b t̪^h t^ʔ d̪ k^h k^ʔ ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s^h t^sʔ d^z č^h č^ʔ ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ š ž x ɣ h

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

STRESS: final

NOUNNUMBER: s (d) p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SVO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: (PREP)/POST

NUMBER: 1655

LANGUAGE: Armenian

DIALECT: West

LOCATION: E Turkey

POPULATION: 6 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Armenian

OTHERSOURC:

AL 7:8
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    d^z ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ž ɣ
m n
    l
    ɾ r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s d^z č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x ɣ h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

STRESS: phonemic

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN

PREPPOST: (PREP)/POST

NUMBER: 1656

LANGUAGE: Tocharian A

LOCATION: NW China (Turkestan)

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Tocharian

DICTIONARY:

Windekens, A. J. van. 1941. Lexique étymologique des dialectes tokhariens. Louvain: Muséon.

GRAMMAR: Sieg, Emil and Wilhelm Siegling. 1931. Tocharische Grammatik. Gøttingen: Dandenhoe.

OTHERSOURC:

Windekens, A. J. van. 1944. Morphologie comparée du tokharien. Louvain: Muséon.
Zimmer, Stefan. 1976. Tocharische Bibliographie, 1959-1975. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
Adams, Douglas Q. 1978. "Ablaut and Umlaut in the Tocharian Vowel System, " JAOS 98, 446-50.

CONSONANTS:

    p t̪ c k
    t^s č
    s š
m n ñ ŋ
    l ʎ
    r

STOPS: p t̪ c k

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: s š

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ʎ

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: ī ā ū

NASALVOWEL: ṽ

NOUNNUMBER: s p

PRONOUNS:

1mf 4
2 5
*3mfn *6mf

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1657

LANGUAGE: Tocharian B

LOCATION: NW China (Turkestan)

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Tocharian

GRAMMAR: GD: Krause, Wolfgang and Werner Thomas. 1960, 1964. Tocharisches Elementarbuch, 2 vols. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.

OTHERSOURC: Windekens, A. J. van. 1976. Le tocharien confronté avec les autres langues indo-européenes, 2 vols. Louvain: Centre International de Dialectologie Générale.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ c k
    t^s č
    s š
m n ñ ŋ
    l ʎ
    r

STOPS: p t̪ c k

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: s š

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ʎ

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c^j p k t^s m

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: ī ā ū

NASALVOWEL: ṽ

DIPHTHONGS: ai oi au āu

NOUNNUMBER: s (d) p

GENDER: m f

PRONOUNS:

1mf 4
2 5
*3mfn *6mf

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN POSS-N/N-POSS

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1658

LANGUAGE: Sanskrit

DIALECT: Classical

LOCATION: N India

POPULATION: c. 400 B.C.

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic

DICTIONARY:

Monier-Williams, Monier. 1976. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Apte, Vaman Shivram. 1974. The Student's English-Sanskrit Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

GRAMMAR:

Gonda, Jan. 1966. A Concise Elementary Grammar of the Sanskrit Language. University, Alabama: Univ of Alabama Press.
Renou, Louis. 1968. Grammaire sanskrite. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve.

TEXTBOOKS:

Bhandarkar, Ramkrishna Gopal. 1966. First Book of Sanskrit. Bombay: Karnatak.
Allen, W. S. 1953. Phonetics in Ancient India. London: Oxford Univ Press.
Emeneau, M. B. and B. A. van Nooten. 1968. Sanskrit Sandhi and Exercises. Berkeley: Univ of Califonia Press.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h c c^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ d̤̣ ɟ ɟ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    s̪ ṣ š h
v ɦ
m n̪ ṇ ñ ŋ
    l̪
    r

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ c c^h ɟ ɟ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

FRICATIVES: v s̪ ṣ š h ɦ

NASALS: m n̪ ṇ ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i u
a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō

DIPHTHONGS: ai au

SYLLABLE: lˈ rˈ

STRESS: non-phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s d p

GENDER: m f n

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
*3mfn *6dmfn *6mfn

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1659

LANGUAGE: Sanskrit

DIALECT: Vedic

LOCATION: N India

POPULATION: c. 1,000 BC

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic

GRAMMAR: Macdonell, A. A. 1910. Vedic Grammar. Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s̪ ṣ š h
v
m n̪ ṇ ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: v s̪ ṣ š h

NASALS: m n̪ ṇ ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ all but h l r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i u
a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō

DIPHTHONGS: ai au

SYLLABLE: mˈ lˈ rˈ

NOUNNUMBER: s d p

GENDER: m f n

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
*3mfn *6dmfn *6mfn

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN NUM-N

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

NUMBER: 1660

LANGUAGE: Sanskrit

DIALECT: Pali

LOCATION: India (Bihar)

POPULATION: c. 400 B. C.

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic

GRAMMAR:

Higashimoto, Keiki, 1967. An Elementary Grammar of the Pali Language. Tokyo: Research Institute of the Pali Literature, Komazawa Univ.

TEXTBOOKS: Warder, A. K. 1974. Introduction to Pali. London: Pali Text Society.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s̪
v ɦ
m n̪ ṇ ñ ŋ
    l̪ ḷ ḷ̤
    r

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: v s̪ ɦ

NASALS: m n̪ ṇ ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪ ḷ ḷ̤

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i u
a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō

STRESS: non-phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f n

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3mfn *6mfn

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

PREPPOST: POST