Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 1661

LANGUAGE: Romany

DIALECT: Iranian

LOCATION: NW Iran

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Romany

OTHERSOURC: Windfuhr, Gernot L. 1970. "European Gypsy in Iran: A First Report," AL 12, 271-92.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h k k^h
b d ɡ
    č č^h
    ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z
m n
    l
    r

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f v s z š x h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i u
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: ē ā ō

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

ARTICLES: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3mf *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1662

LANGUAGE: Romany

DIALECT: Czechoslovakian

LOCATION: Czechoslovakia

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Romany

OTHERSOURC: Miltner, Vladimı́r. 1965. "The Morphologic Strutcure of a New Indo-Aryan Language of Czechoslovakia," IL 26, 106-31.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h c c^h k k^h
b d ɟ ɡ
    t^s č č^h
    d^z ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ž
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    r

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d c c^h ɟ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s d^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x h

NASALS: m n ñ

LATERALS: l ʎ

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

i u
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: ē ā ō

STRESS: penult

ARTICLES: def

SYNTAX: SVO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

NUMBER: 1663

LANGUAGE: Romany

DIALECT: Baltic

LOCATION: Estonia

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Romany

GRAMMAR: Venttsel', T. V. 1966. "Tsyganskij jazyk," in JNS 1, 630-51.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h k k^h
b d̪ ɡ
    (t̪^s) č
    (d̪^z) ɡ̌
(f) s̪ š x
v z̪ ž ɣ
m n̪
    l̪
    r

STOPS: p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: (t̪^s) (d̪^z) č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: (f) v s̪ z̪ š ž x ɣ

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c^j all but p^h t^s d^z č ɡ̌ f z š ž

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

   i u
    ǝ o
    ɑ

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ǝ

BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ

STRESS: final

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3mf 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN DN NUM-N

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 1664

LANGUAGE: Romany

DIALECT: Wales

LOCATION: Wales

POPULATION: 1 million (extinct)

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Romany

OTHERSOURC: Lockwood, W. B. 1975. Languages of the British Isles Past and Present. London: Andre Duetsch.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h k k^h
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f θ s š x h
v ð z ž
m n ŋ
    l l̥
    r r̥

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f v θ ð s z š ž x h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ r

GLIDES: j w w̥

VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all?

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3mf 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

NUMBER: 1665

LANGUAGE: Maldivian

LOCATION: Maldive Islands

POPULATION: 130,000

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Sinhalese-Maldivian

OTHERSOURC: De Silva, M. W. Sugathapala. 1969. "The Phonological Efficiency of the Maldivian Writing system," AL 11, 199-208.

CONSONANTS:

   p t ṭ k
b ^mb d ⁿd ḍⁿḍ ɡ ^ŋɡ
f s š h
v z
m n (ñ)
    l ḷ
    r

STOPS: p b ^mb t d ⁿd ṭ dⁿḍ k ɡ ^ŋɡ

FRICATIVES: f v s z š h

NASALS: m n (ñ)

LATERALS: l ḷ

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

I ʋ
ɛ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ɐ̄ ū ō

DIPHTHONGS: ai au ei eu ui ou oi

NUMBER: 1666

LANGUAGE: Sinhalese

LOCATION: Sri Lanka

POPULATION: 10 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Singhalese-Maldivian

DICTIONARY: Malalasekera, G. P. 1967. English-Sinhalese Dictionary. Colombo, Ceylon: M. D. Gunasena.

TEXTBOOKS: Garusinghe, Dayaratne. 1962. Sinhalese: The Spoken Idiom. Munich: Max Hueber.

OTHERSOURC:

Coates, William A. and M. W. S. de Silva. 1960. "The Segemental Phonemes of Sinhalese," Univ of Ceylon Review 18, 163-75.
Gair, James W. 1966. "Colloquial Sinhalese Inflectional Categories and Parts of Speech," IL 27, 31-45.
Gair, James W. 1970. Colloquial Sinhalese Clause Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
Karunatilake, W. S. and S. Suseendirarajah. 1973. "Phonology of Sinhalese and Sri Lanka Tamil," IL 34, 180-90.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ ṭ k
b ^mb d̪ ⁿd̪ ḍ ⁿḍ ɡ ^ŋɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
    s (š) h
v
m n ñ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b ^mb t̪ d̪ ⁿd̪ ṭ ḍⁿḍ k ɡ ^ŋɡ

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: v s (š) h

NASALS: m n ñ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

I ʋ
ɛ ǝ ɔ
æ a

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ æ

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ǣ ā ū ō

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: anim inan

DEMONSTRAT: 3 + ref

ARTICLES: indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3hmfi *6hai
3: hum, masc anim, fem anim, inan; 6: hum, an, inan
politeness: numerous second person pronouns implying various degrees of respect and differential status.

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N (1)/N-NUM (2,3,...) POSS-N D+A+N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1667

LANGUAGE: Bashkarik

LOCATION: Pakistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Central

DICTIONARY: Morgenstierne, Georg. 1940. "Notes on Bashkarik," Acta Orientalia 18, 206-57.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b d ḍ ɡ
    t^s ṭ^s ṭ^sh č č^h
    ɡ̌
    s ṣ š x h
    z ž ɣ
m n ṇ ŋ
    l ʎ
    r ṛ

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s ṭ^s ṭ^sh č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s z ṣ š ž x ɣ h

NASALS: m n ṇ ŋ

LATERALS: l ʎ

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e (ǝ) o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: (ǝ) a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ↔ō ǣ ā ū ō ɔ̄

DIPHTHONGS: ai

TONES: ris fall

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV GN DN POSS-N

NUMBER: 1668

LANGUAGE: Maiya

LOCATION: Pakistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Central

OTHERSOURC: WPF

CONSONANTS:

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

NUMBER: 1669

LANGUAGE: Tirahi

LOCATION: E Afghanistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Central

DICTIONARY: Morgenstierne, Georg. 1934. "Notes on Tirahi, " Acta Orientalia 12, 161-89.

CONSONANTS:

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2

SYNTAX: SOV GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1670

LANGUAGE: Torwali

LOCATION: Pakistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Central

DICTIONARY: Morgenstierne, Georg. 1930. "Notes on Torwali," Acta orientalia 8, 294-310.

OTHERSOURC:

AL 7:8
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b d ḍ ɡ
    č č^h
    ɡ̌
    s š x h
    z ž ɣ
m n
    l
    r ṛ

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s z š ž x ɣ h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

GLIDES: j w

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1671

LANGUAGE: Wotapuri

LOCATION: Afghanistan

POPULATION: 2,000

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Central

GRAMMAR: DG: Buddruss, Georg. 1960. Die Sprache von Wotˈapur und Katˈarqala. Bonn: Orientalischen Seminars, Univ Bonn.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b d ḍ ɡ
    t^s t^sh ṭ^s ṭ^sh č č^h
    d^z ɡ̌
(f) s (ṣ) š x h
    z ɣ
m n ṇ
    l ɬ̣
    r ṛ

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^z ṭ^s ṭ^s^h č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: (f) s z (ṣ) š x ɣ h

NASALS: m n ṇ

LATERALS: l ɬ̣

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

DIPHTHONGS:

aī au āē aū āī āu āū eā ēu īu ui ūī ūē uō ūo
nasal diphthongs

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1672

LANGUAGE: Kalasha

LOCATION: N Pakistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Chitral

OTHERSOURC: E

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1673

LANGUAGE: Khowar

LOCATION: N Pakistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Chitral

OTHERSOURC: WALS

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1674

LANGUAGE: Dameli

LOCATION: N Pakistan (S Chitral)

POPULATION: 5,000

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Kunar

GRAMMAR: GD: Morgenstierne, G. 1942. "Notes on Dameli," Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap 12, 115-98.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h (q)
b d ḍ ɡ
    t^s t^sh ṭ^s ṭ^sh č č^h
    s ṣ š x (χ) (h)
    z (ẓ) ž (ɣ)
m n ṇ (ŋ)
    l
    r ɹ́
ɹ́ is a palatal fricative.

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ (q)

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h ṭ^s ṭ^s^h č č^h

FRICATIVES: s z ṣ (ẓ) š ž x (ɣ) (χ) (h)

NASALS: m n ṇ (ŋ)

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r ɹ́ (palatal fricative)

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ æ

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ ɑ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ
v̄̃

TONES: lo-ris hi-fall

NOUNNUMBER: s (p)

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6
1=4

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1675

LANGUAGE: Gawar-bati

LOCATION: NE Afghanistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Kunar

GRAMMAR: DG: Morgenstierne, Georg. 1950. Notes on Gawar-bati. Oslo.

OTHERSOURC: AL 7:8

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b d ḍ ɡ
    t^s t^sh ṭ^s ṭ^sh č
    ɡ̌
    s ṣ š (x) h
    z ž (ɣ)
m n ṇ
    l ɬ
    r ṛ

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h ṭ^s ṭ^s^h č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s z ṣ š ž (x) (ɣ) h

NASALS: m n ṇ

LATERALS: l ɬ

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ ṭ ḍ l ...

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I e

CENTRALVOW: ɐ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ (ɔ)

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ɔ̄

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ
v̄̃

DIPHTHONGS: ai au

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

NOUNNUMBER: s (p) (pl restricted to animate beings and relatives)

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1676

LANGUAGE: Shumashti

LOCATION: NE Afghanistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Kunar

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 1677

LANGUAGE: Nangalami

LOCATION: NE Afghanistan

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Kunar

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 1678

LANGUAGE: Pashai

DIALECT: Southwest

LOCATION: NE Afghanistan

POPULATION: 100,000

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Kunar

GRAMMAR: DG: IIFL, vol 3.

OTHERSOURC: AL 7:8.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h q
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    (t̪^s) ṭ^s ṭ^sh č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s̪ ṣ š x h
    z̪ ẓ ž ɣ
m n̪ ṇ (ŋ)
    l̪
    r ṛ

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ q

AFFRICATES: (t̪^s) ṭ^s ṭ^s^h č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s̪ z̪ ṣ ẓ š ž x ɣ h

NASALS: m n̪ ṇ (ŋ)

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i (e) (æ)

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u (o)

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō

DIPHTHONGS: ai āi oi ui ūi au āu ōu

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1679

LANGUAGE: Pashai

DIALECT: Southeast

LOCATION: NE Afghanistan

POPULATION: 100,000

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Kunar

GRAMMAR: DG: IIFL, vol 3.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ ṭ k q
b d̪ ḍ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s̪ ṣ š x h
    z̪ ɣ
m n̪ ṇ ŋ
    l̪ l̪̥
    r ṛ

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ q

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f s̪ z̪ ṣ š x ɣ h

NASALS: m n̪ ṇ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪ l̪̥

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: ī ȳ ē ǣ ā ū ō

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: GN N-POSS

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1680

LANGUAGE: Pashai

DIALECT: Northwest

LOCATION: NE Afghanistan

POPULATION: 100,000

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Dardic: Kunar

GRAMMAR: DG: IIFL, vol 3.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ ṭ ṭ^h k k^h q
b d̪ ḍ (d̪̤)
    č č^h
    ɡ̌
f s̪ ṣ š x h
    z̪ (ẓ) ž ɣ
m n̪ ṇ ŋ
    l̪
    r ṛ

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ (d̪̤) ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ q

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f s̪ z̪ ṣ (ẓ) š ž x ɣ h

NASALS: m n̪ ṇ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō

DIPHTHONGS: ai au

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: (m f) (gender is present in only some NW dialects.)

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

PREPPOST: POST