Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 1701

LANGUAGE: Gade Lohar

LOCATION: India (Rajasthan)

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

OTHERSOURC: Sharma, Jagdish Chander. 1973. "Nominal and Verbal Inflection in the Dialect of the Gade Lohars," IL 34, 200-10.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s̪
    ɦ
m m̤ n̪ n̪̤ ṇ ṇ̤
    l̪ l̪̤ ḷ ḷ̤
    r r̤ ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s̪ ɦ

NASALS: m m̤ n̪ n̪̤ ṇ ṇ̤

LATERALS: l̪ l̪̤ ḷ ḷ̤

VIBRANTS: r r̤ ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I

CENTRALVOW: ǝ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ǣ ā ū ō

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ
v̄̃

NOUNNUMBER: S P

NOUNCLASSE: m f n

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3mf *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

NUMBER: 1702

LANGUAGE: Khandeshi

LOCATION: N India (Maharashtra)

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 1703

LANGUAGE: Hindi

DIALECT: Bundeli

LOCATION: N India (Madhya Pradesh)

POPULATION: 200 Million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

GRAMMAR: Jaiswal M. P. 1962. A Linguistic Study of Bundeli. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s̪
v ɦ
m m̤ n̪ n̪̤
    l l̤
    r r̤ ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: v s̪ ɦ

NASALS: m m̤ n̪ n̪̤

LATERALS: l l̤

VIBRANTS: r r̤ ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɐ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ o

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ǝ̄ ɵ̄ ū ō ɑ̄

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ
v̄̃

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3mf *6
politeness: various honorifics for 2

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1704

LANGUAGE: Hindi

LOCATION: NC India (Uttar Pradesh)

POPULATION: 200 Million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

GRAMMAR: McGregor, R. S. 1977. Outline of Hindi Grammar. Delhi: Oxford Univ Press.

TEXTBOOKS: Bender, Ernest. 1967. Hindi Grammar and Reader. Philadelphia: Univ of Pennsylvania Press.

OTHERSOURC:

Mehrotra, Ramesh Chandra. 1964. "Hindi Phonemes," IL 25, 234-46.
Arun, Vidya Bhaskar. 1961. A Comparative Phonology of Hindi and Panjabi. Ludhiana, India: Panjabi Sahitya Akademi.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h (q)
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
(f) s (ṣ) š (x)
v (z) (ɣ) ɦ
m m̤ n̪ n̪̤ ṇ
    l l̤
    ɾ ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ (q)

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: (f) v s (z) (ṣ) š (x) (ɣ) ɦ

NASALS: m m̤ n̪ n̪̤ ṇ

LATERALS: l l̤

VIBRANTS: ɾ ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I

CENTRALVOW: ǝ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ǣ ā ū ō ɔ̄

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

DIPHTHONGS:

ai au
ãi ãu

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6
politeness: 2 has 3 forms: (1) pol, (2) fam, (3) intim.

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+Num+A+N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1705

LANGUAGE: Hindi

DIALECT: Bangru

LOCATION: N India (Haryana)

POPULATION: 200 Million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

GRAMMAR: Singh, Jag Deva. 1970. A Descriptive Grammar of Bangru. Kurukshetra, India: Kurukshetra Univ.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d d̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s
    ɦ
m n ṇ ŋ
    l ḷ
    r ɾ̣

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t t^h d d̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s ɦ

NASALS: m n ṇ ŋ

LATERALS: l ḷ

VIBRANTS: r ɾ̣

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ all but ṇ ŋ ɾ̣ ḷ h j w

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ʉ ǝ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ǣ ā ū ō ɔ̄

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

MODIFIEDVO: nasal harmony

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

STRESS: non-phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+NUM+A+N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1706

LANGUAGE: Urdu

LOCATION: Pakistan

POPULATION: 200 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

DICTIONARY:

Ferozsons Urdu-English Dictionary. n.d. Karachi: Ferozsons.
DT: Bender, Ernest. 1967. Urdu Grammar and Reader. Philadelphia: Univ of Pennsylvania Press.

TEXTBOOKS:

Bailey, T. Grahame. 1967. Teach Yourself Urdu. London: English Universities Press.
Barker, Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman, et al. 1967. A Course in Urdu, 3 vols. Montreal: Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill Univ.

OTHERSOURC: Bright, William and Saeed A. Khan. 1958. The Urdu Writing System. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
f s š x h
v z (ž) ɣ
m n̪
    l
    ɾ ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̤̪ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: f v s z š (ž) x ɣ h

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I (ɛ)

CENTRALVOW: ǝ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ (ɔ)

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

DIPHTHONGS:

ai au
ãi ãu

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6
politeness: 3 forms of 2

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1707

LANGUAGE: Dogri

LOCATION: India Jammu)

POPULATION: 2.2 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

OTHERSOURC: E

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1708

LANGUAGE: Western Pahari

LOCATION: N India (Jammu)

POPULATION: 2 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

OTHERSOURC: Varma, Siddheshwar. 1936. "The Rudhari Dialect," IL 6, 128-96.

CONSONANTS:

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

TONES: hi falling

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 4: this very near/this/that visible/that invisible

ARTICLES: def indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5mf
*3mf *6mf

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1709

LANGUAGE: Garhwali

LOCATION: N India ( N Uttar Pradesh)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

OTHERSOURC:

Chandrasekhar, A. 1970. "The Phonemes of Garhwali," IL 31, 80-5.
E

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h c c^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɟ ɟ̣ ɡ ɡ̤
    s h
m n
    l
    r

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ d̤̣ c c^h ɟ ɟ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō

NASALVOWEL: ṽ

STRESS: non-phonemic

SYNTAX: SOV

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1710

LANGUAGE: Kumauni

ALTERNATEN: Johari

LOCATION: N India (Uttar Pradesh)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Central

GRAMMAR: Apte, Mahadeo L. and D. P. Pattanayak. 1967. An Outline of Kumauni Grammar. Durham: Duke Univ.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ ṭ k
b d̪ ḍ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
    s̪ h
m n̪ ṇ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s̪ h

NASALS: m n̪ ṇ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: ʋ o

LONGVOWELS: ī ɛ̄ ā ū ɔ̄

NASALVOWEL:

Ĩ ɛ̃ ǝ̃ ã ʋ̃ ɔ̃ ı̃̄ ɛ̃̄ ã̄ ũ̄ ȭ

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)(C)(C)

SYNTAX: SOV AN

NUMBER: 1711

LANGUAGE: Nepali

LOCATION: Nepal

POPULATION: 10 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: East-Central

TEXTBOOKS: Clark, T. W. 1963. Introduction to Nepali. Cambridge, Eng.: W. Heffer & Sons.

OTHERSOURC:

Southworth, Franklin C. 1967. Nepali Transformational Structure: A Sketch. Poona: Deccan College.
Bandhu, C. M., et al. 1971. Nepali Segmental Phonology. Kirtipur, Nepal: SIL.
Hari, Maria. 1973. "Tentative Systematic Organization of Nepali Sentences," in CSDP I, 203-58.
Bandhu, Churamani. 1973. "Clause Patterns in Nepali," in CSDP II, 1-79.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    t^st^sh
    d^z d̤^z
    s h
m n̪ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: t^st^s^h d^z d̤^z

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n̪ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

DIPHTHONGS:

ǝj ǝw
ǝ̃j ǝ̃w

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6
politeness: 2 has 3 forms.

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+NUM+N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1712

LANGUAGE: Awadhi

LOCATION: NC India ( NW Madhya Pradesh)

POPULATION: 55 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: East-Central

OTHERSOURC: Saksena, Baburam. 1971. Evolution of Awadhi. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s h
    ɦ
m m̤ n n̤
    l l̤
    r r̤ ɾ̣ ɾ̤

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌ č^h ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s h ɦ

NASALS: m m̤ n n̤

LATERALS: l l̤

VIBRANTS: r r̤ ɾ̣ ɾ̤

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ ɐ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ o

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all but ǝ
v̄̃ all but ɑ

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: non-phonemic (final/penult)

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: m f

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3mf *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1713

LANGUAGE: Bhojpuri

DIALECT: Tharu

LOCATION: S Nepal

POPULATION: 30 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: East-Central

OTHERSOURC:

Hugoniot, Richard D. and Austin Hale. 1973. "Contra-Expectancy Particles in Tharu Bhojpuri," in CSDP I, 377-87.
PCSD, 6-7.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d d̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s h
m m̥ n n̥ ṇ ŋ ŋ̥
    l l̥
    r r̥

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t t^h d d̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m m̥ n n̥ ṇ ŋ ŋ̥

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all but ǝ

SYNTAX: SOV DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1714

LANGUAGE: Bhojpuri

ALTERNATEN: Bihari

LOCATION: NE India (Bihar)

POPULATION: 30 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: East-Central

OTHERSOURC:

Tiwary, K. M. 1968. "The Echo-word Construction in Bhojpuri," AL 10:4, 32-8.
Trammel, Robert L. 1971. "The Phonology of the Northern Standard Dialect of Bhojpuri," AL 13, 126-41.
Singh, Kripa Shankar. 1972. "A Sketch of the Hierarchical Structure of Bhojpuri," IL 33, 42-58.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s h
m n̪ ñ ŋ
    l̪
    r r̤

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: r r̤

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ǣ ā ū ō

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)(C)(C)

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N

NUMBER: 1715

LANGUAGE: Maithili

LOCATION: SE Nepal

POPULATION: 30 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: East-Central

OTHERSOURC:

Jha, Subhadra. 1944. "Maithili Phonetics," IL 8,435-59.
Davis, Alice I. 1973. "Maithili Sentences," in CSDP I, 259-319.
Williams, Jennifer. 1973. "Clause Patterns in Maithili, " in PCSD II, 345-452.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d d̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s h
m m̤ n n̤ ŋ
    l l̤
    ɾ ɾ̤

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t t^h d d̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m m̤ n n̤ ŋ

LATERALS: l l̤

VIBRANTS: ɾ ɾ̤

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e æ

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄

NASALVOWEL: ṽ

DIPHTHONGS: ǝi ǝu

STRESS: non-phonemic

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6
politeness: 2 & 5 have 3 forms: (1) honorific, (2) mid-honorific, (3) non-honorific.
3 & 6 have 2 forms: (1) honorific, (2) non-honorific.

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1716

LANGUAGE: Magahi

LOCATION: India (S Bihar)

POPULATION: 11 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: East-Central

OTHERSOURC: WALS

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 1717

LANGUAGE: Oriya

LOCATION: E India (Orissa)

POPULATION: 20 million

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Eastern

GRAMMAR: Karpushkin, B. M. 1964. Jazyk orija. Moscow: Nauka.

OTHERSOURC:

Pattanayak, Debi Prasanna. 1966. A Controlled Historical Reconstruction of Oniya, Assamese, Bengali and Hindi. The Hague: Mouton.
Majumdar, Paresh Chandra. 1970. A Historical Phonology of Oriya. Calcutta: Sanskrit College.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d̪ d̪̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
v s ɦ
m n ṇ ŋ
    l ḷ
    r ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: v s ɦ

NASALS: m n ṇ ŋ

LATERALS: l ḷ

VIBRANTS: r ɾ̣ ɾ̣̤

GLIDES: j

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɐ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō ɔ̄

NASALVOWEL: ı̃̃ ẽ ã ũ (õ) ɔ̃

DIPHTHONGS: ǝi ou

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1718

LANGUAGE: Oriya

DIALECT: Halbi

LOCATION: E India (Madhya Pradesh)

POPULATION: 20 million (300,000)

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Eastern

OTHERSOURC: Woods, Fran. 1973. "Sentence Patterns in Halbi," in PCSD I, 35-123.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b b̤ d d̤ ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
    s h
m n
    l
    r ṛ

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t t^h d d̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

NOUNNUMBER: s p

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1719

LANGUAGE: Oriya

DIALECT: Kupia

LOCATION: E India (Andhra Pradesh)

POPULATION: 20 million (6,000)

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Eastern

OTHERSOURC:

Christmas, R. B. and J. E. Christmas. 1973a. "Sentence Patterns in Kupia," in PCSD I, 125-95.
Christmas, R. B. and J. E. Christmas. 1973b. "Clause Patterns in Kupia," in PCSD II, 257-343.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ t k
b d̪ d ɡ
    t^s
    d^z
    s
m n̪ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ t d k ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s d^z

FRICATIVES: s

NASALS: m n̪ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+Num+N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 1720

LANGUAGE: Oriya

DIALECT: Kotia

LOCATION: India (Andra Pradesh)

POPULATION: 20 million (12,000)

CLASSIFICA: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Indic: Eastern

OTHERSOURC: Gustafsson, Uwe. 1973. "Clause Patterns in Kotia Oriya," in PCSD II, 191-256.

CONSONANTS:

   p t ṭ k
b d ḍ ɡ
    t^s
    d^z
    s (h)
m n ṇ
    l
    r ṛ

STOPS: p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s d^z

FRICATIVES: s (h)

NASALS: m n ṇ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r ṛ

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST