CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: West
OTHERSOURC:AL 7:8
CONSONANTS:
p t k b d ɡ ts č dz ɡ̌ f s š x h v z ž m n l r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES:ts dz č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s z š ž x h
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:cj p b t d s z n l r
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
STRESS:initial
NUMBER:1882
LANGUAGE:Lower Sorbian
LOCATION:E Germany
POPULATION:14,000
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: West
OTHERSOURC:WALS
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SOV
NUMBER:1883
LANGUAGE:Czech
LOCATION:Czech Republic
POPULATION:10 million
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: West
GRAMMAR:
Mazon, André. 1952. Grammaire de la langue tchèque. Paris: Institut d'Études Slaves. Harkins, William E. 1953. A Modern Czech Grammar. New York: King's Crown Press.
TEXTBOOKS:Schwarz, J. 1960. Colloquial Czech. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
OTHERSOURC:AL 7:8
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k b d̪ (ɡ) t̪s č (f) s š x v z ž ɦ m n̪ l r ř (ř = rž < rj)
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ k (ɡ)
AFFRICATES:t̪s č
FRICATIVES:(f) v s z š ž x ɦ
NASALS:m n̪
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r ř (= rž < rj)
MODIFIEDCO:cj t d n
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:I ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:ʋ o
LONGVOWELS:ī ɛ̄ ā ū (ō)
DIPHTHONGS:ou
SYLLABLE:lˈ rˈ
STRESS:initial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
GENDER:m f n
DEMONSTRAT:2 + ref
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 *3mfn *6mfn
SYNTAX:SVO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1884
LANGUAGE:Slovak
LOCATION:Slovakia
POPULATION:4 million
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: West
GRAMMAR:Bartoš, Jozef and Joseph Gagnaire. 1972. Grammaire de la langue slovaque. Paris: Institut d'Études Slaves.
TEXTBOOKS:Baláž, Peter, Jozef Bartoš and Miloslav Darovec. 1973. Manuel de slovaque à l'usage des slavisants. Bratislava: Slovenské Pedagogické Nakladatel'stvo.
OTHERSOURC:AL 7:8
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k b d̪ ɡ t̪s č d̪z ɡ̌ f s̪ š x h v z̪ ž m n̪ l r
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ
AFFRICATES:t̪s d̪z č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s̪ z̪ š ž x h
NASALS:m n̪
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:cj t d n l
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e æ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all but æ
DIPHTHONGS:ia ie iu uo
SYLLABLE:lˈ rˈ
STRESS:initial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
GENDER:m f n
DEMONSTRAT:1
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3mfn 6mM m=masc M=non-masc
SYNTAX:SVO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1885
LANGUAGE:Old Church Slavonic
LOCATION:Bulgaria
POPULATION:extinct (c. 1,000 A. D.)
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: South
GRAMMAR:
Lunt, Horace G. 1974. Old Church Slavonic Grammar. The Hague: Mouton. Schmalstieg, William T. 1976. An Introduction to Old Church Slavic. Cambridge, MA: Slavica.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k b d̪ ɡ t̪s č dz s̪ š x v z̪ ž m n̪ ñ l̪ ʎ r rj
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ
AFFRICATES:ts d̪z č
FRICATIVES:v s̪ z̪ š ž x
NASALS:m n̪ ñ
LATERALS:l̪ ʎ
VIBRANTS:r rj
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ æ
CENTRALVOW:ɨ a
BACKVOWELS:u ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ ? Ĭ ʋ̆
NASALVOWEL:ɛ̃ ɔ̃
NOUNNUMBER:s d p
GENDER:m f n
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 *3 *6d *6
SYNTAX:SVO AN NG DN NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1886
LANGUAGE:Slovene
ALTERNATEN:Slovenian
LOCATION:Slovenia
POPULATION:2 million
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: South
DICTIONARY:
Kotnik, Janko. 1962. Slovene-English Dictionary. Ljubljana: Državna Založba Slovenije. Grad, Anton. 1971. English-Slovene Dictionary. Ljubljana.
OTHERSOURC:
Lenček, Rado L. 1966. The Verb Pattern of Contemporary Standard Slovene. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. Bidwell, Charles E. 1969. Outline of Slovenian Morphology. Pittsburgh: Univ Center for International Studies, Univ of Pittsburgh. AL 7:8
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k b d̪ ɡ t̪s č f s̪ š x v z̪ ž m n̪ l r
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ
AFFRICATES:t̪s č
FRICATIVES:f v s̪ z̪ š ž x
NASALS:m n̪
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:ī ē ɛ̄ ā ū ō ɔ̄
SYLLABLE:rˈ
TONES:ris fall
STRESS:on v̄, final if no v̄
NOUNNUMBER:s p
GENDER:m f n
PRONOUNS:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mfn 6dmM 6mfn m=masc M=non-masc
SYNTAX:SVO NUM-N
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1887
LANGUAGE:Serbo-Croatian
LOCATION:Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Yugoslavia
POPULATION:17 million
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: South
DICTIONARY:
Drvodelić, Milan. 1970. Croato-Serbian English Dictionary. Zagreb: školska Knjiga. Rustić, Svetomir and živojin Simić. 1975. An English-Serbocroatian Dictionary. Belgrad: Prosveta.
GRAMMAR:
Grozdić, Oton. 1969. Serbo-Croatian Grammar and Reader. New York: Hafner. Popović, Alexandre and Michel Popović. 1969. Manuel pratique de langue serbo-croate. Paris: Klinksieck. Dmitriev, P. A. and G. I. Safronov. 1975. Serboxorvatskij jazyk. Leningrad: Leningrad Univ. Press. Hamm, Josip. 1975. Grammatik der serbokroatischen Sprache. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
TEXTBOOKS:
Magner, Thomas F. 1972. Introduction to the Croatian and Serbian Language. State College, PA: Singidunum Press. Javarek, Vera and Miroslava Sudjić. 1969. Teach Yourself Serbo-Croat. London: English Universities Press.
OTHERSOURC:
Hodge, Carleton T. 1946. "Serbo-Croatian Phonemes," Lg 22, 112-20 Bidwell Charles E. 1964. "The Serbo-Croatian Verb," Lg 40, 532-50.
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ k b d̪ ɡ t̪s č ć ɡ̌ ɟ́ f s š h v z ž m n̪ ñ l ʎ r
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ
AFFRICATES:t̪s ć ɟ́ č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s z š ž h
NASALS:m n̪ ñ
LATERALS:l ʎ
VIBRANTS:r
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C) rˈ
TONES:ris fall
NOUNNUMBER:s p
GENDER:m f n
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3mfn 6mfn
SYNTAX:SVO AN NG/(GN) DN NUM-N POSS-N Num+A+N
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1888
LANGUAGE:Macedonian
LOCATION:Macedonia
POPULATION:2 million
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: South
GRAMMAR:Lunt, Horace G. 1952. A Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language. Skopje.
OTHERSOURC:
AL 7:8 WALS WPF
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ c k b d̪ ɟ ɡ t̪s č d̪z ɡ̌ f s̪ š h v z̪ ž m n̪ ñ l lɯ r
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ c ɟ k ɡ
AFFRICATES:t̪s d̪z č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s̪ z̪ š ž h
NASALS:m n̪ ñ
LATERALS:l lɯ
VIBRANTS:r
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:(ǝ) a
BACKVOWELS:u o
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3mfn 6
SYNTAX:SVO
NUMBER:1889
LANGUAGE:Bulgarian
LOCATION:Bulgaria
POPULATION:8 million
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Slavic: South
DICTIONARY:
Atanasova, T., et al. 1975. Bulgarian-English Dictionary. Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo. Atanasova, T., et al. 1973. English-Bulgarian Dictionary, 2 vols. Sofia: Academy of Sciences.
OTHERSOURC:
Van Campen, Joseph A. 1959. "Alternative Analyses of the Bulgarian Nonsyllabic Phonemes," Lg 35, 264-70. Aronson, Howard I. 1968. Bulgarian Inflectional Morphophonology. The Hague: Mouton. Scatton, Ernest A. 1975. Bulgarian Phonology. Cambrige, MA: Slavica. Al 7:8
CONSONANTS:
p t k b d ɡ ts č (dz) (ɡ̌) f s š x v z ž m n l r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES:ts (dz) č (ɡ̌)
FRICATIVES:f v s z š ž x
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:cj all but č ɡ̌ š ž x
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
NOUNNUMBER:s p
GENDER:m f n
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3mfn 6
SYNTAX:SVO AN POSS-N
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:1890
LANGUAGE:Yukaghir
LOCATION:NE Russia (Jakut ASSR)
POPULATION:400
CLASSIFICA:Uralic: Yukaghir
GRAMMAR:
Krejnovich, E.A. 1958. Jukagirskij jazyk. Moscow: Academy of Sciences. Krejnovich, E.A. 1968. "Jukagirskij jazyk," in JNS 5, 435-52.
OTHERSOURC:
AL 7:1. CTIL 1, 366.
CONSONANTS:
p t k q b d ɡ s h m n ŋ l r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ q
FRICATIVES:s h
NASALS:m n ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:cj t d n l
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e ø o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ø
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
DIPHTHONGS:ie uo
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C)(C)
STRESS:mostly initial or second
NOUNNUMBER:s [p] [pl rarely used]
DEMONSTRAT:4: this, that , yonder, that very far or invisible + REF
Benkő, Loránd and Samu Imre, eds. 1972. The Hungarian Language. The Hague: Mouton. Tompa, József. 1972. Kleine ungarische Grammatik. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie. Hall, Robert A. 1944. Hungarian Grammar. Lg Monograph No. 21.
TEXTBOOKS:Bánhidi, Z. Z. Jókay and D. Szabó. 1965. A Textbook of the Hungarian Language. London: Collet's.
OTHERSOURC:SUL
CONSONANTS:
p t̪ c k b d̪ ɟ ɡ t̪s č d̪z ɡ̌ f s̪ š h v z̪ ž m n̪ ñ l̪ r
STOPS:p b t̪ d̪ c ɟ k ɡ
AFFRICATES:t̪s d̪z č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f v s̪ z̪ š ž h
NASALS:m n̪ ñ
LATERALS:l̪
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:c̄ all
GLIDES:j
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i y ɛ ø
BACKVOWELS:u o ɒ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ i y e ø a u o
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)
STRESS:initial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:2
ARTICLES:def indef
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
ERGATIVE:
PREPPOST:PREP/POST
NUMBER:1900
LANGUAGE:Xanty
ALTERNATEN:Ostyak, Khanty
DIALECT:Northern
LOCATION:NW Russia (Xanty-Mansiysk)
POPULATION:15,000
CLASSIFICA:Uralic: Finno-Ugric: Ugric: Ob-Ugric
OTHERSOURC:
Rédei, Károly. 1965. Northern Ostyak Chrestomathy. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. SUL