Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 2121

LANGUAGE: Gurung

LOCATION: WC Nepal

POPULATION: 170,000

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tamang

DICTIONARY: Glover, Warren W., Jessie R. Glover and Deu Bahadur Gurung. 1977. Gurung-Nepali-English Dictionary. PL C51.

GRAMMAR: Glover, Warren William. 1974. Sememic and Grammatical Structures in Gurung (Nepal). SIL 49.

OTHERSOURC: CSDP IV, 13-5.

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤
t^s t^s^h d^z d̤^z
s̪ (h)
m n̪ ŋ
l̪
ɾ

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^z d̤^z

FRICATIVES: s̪ (h)

NASALS: m n̪ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: ɾ

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all
v̄̃

MODIFIEDVO: v̄̃

STRESS: pitch accent

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN N-NUM/(NUM-N [if either the number or noun is a loanword from Nepali]) POSS-N D+A+N+Num

ERGATIVE: erg

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2122

LANGUAGE: Thakali

LOCATION: Nepal

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tamang

OTHERSOURC:

Hari, Maria. 1971. A Guide to Thakali Tone. Kathmandu: SIL. [=PL A29, 23-51]
CSDP IV, 17-8

CONSONANTS:

p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
č č^h
s h
m n ŋ
l l̥
r r̥

STOPS: p p^h t̪ t̪^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h

AFFRICATES: č č^h

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

MODIFIEDVO: v̤ (lax) there is a tense/lax distinction for all vowels

TONES: hi-ris lo-fall

NOUNNUMBER: s p

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN N-NUM POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2123

LANGUAGE: Classical Tibetan

LOCATION: Tibet

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

GRAMMAR: Bernard,Theos. 1946. A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language. Santa Barbara: Tibetan Text Society.

OTHERSOURC: Miller, Roy Andrew. 1970. "A Grammatical Sketch of Classical Tibetan," JAOS 90, 74-96.

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ k k^h ɡ ʔ
t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌
s z š ž x ɣ
m n̪ ñ ŋ
l̪
r

STOPS: p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ k k^h ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s z š ž x ɣ

NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6
politeness: many honorific pronouns

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2124

LANGUAGE: Zhang-zhung

LOCATION: Tibet

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

GRAMMAR: GD: Haarh, Erik. 1968. The Zhang-Zhung Language. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ḍ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ ʔ
t̪^s t̪^s^h d̪^z č č^h ɡ̌
s̪ z̪ š ž h
m n̪ ñ ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ḍ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t̪^s t̪^s^h d̪^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s̪ z̪ š ž h

NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c^j p p^h b b̤ k k^h ɡ m

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

DEMONSTRAT: 2

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN N-NUM

COMMENTS: a sister language of classical Tibetan

NUMBER: 2125

LANGUAGE: Central Tibetan

LOCATION: Central Tibetan

POPULATION: 4 million

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

DICTIONARY: Bell, C. A. 1905. English-Tibetan Colloquial Dictionary. Calcutta. [Reprinted 1977 by Rakesh Press, New Delhi]

GRAMMAR: Bell, C. A. 1919. Grammar of Colloquial Tibetan. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press.

OTHERSOURC:

Miller, Roy Andrew. 1955. "Studies in Spoken Tibetan (I)," JAOS 75, 46-51.
Narkyid, Ngawang Thondup. 1978. "Aspects of Tibetan Syntax," The Informant 11:1. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan Univ.
AL 7:5

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ c c^h ɟ k k^h ɡ ʔ
t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌
s š ɦ
m n̪ ñ ŋ
l ɬ
ɾ ɾ̥

STOPS: p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ c c^h ɟ k k^h ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s š ɦ

NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ

VIBRANTS: ɾ ɾ̥

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø

BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ

SYLLABLE: CV(C)

TONES: hi lo

DEMONSTRAT: 5 (3 + that above, that below) + ref

ARTICLES: indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3mf 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2126

LANGUAGE: Central Tibetan

DIALECT: Lhasa

LOCATION: SE Tibet

POPULATION: 4 million

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

TEXTBOOKS:

Chang, Kun and Betty Shefts. 1964. A Manual of Spoken Tibetan (Lhasa Dialect). Seattle: Univ of Washington Press.
Goldstein, Melvyn C. and Nawang Nornang. 1970. Modern Spoken TIbetan. Lhasa Dialect. Seattle: Univ of Washington Press.

OTHERSOURC:

Chang, Kun and Betty Shefts. 1965. "A Morphophonemic Problem in the Spoken Tibetan of Lhasa," JAOS 85, 34-9.
Shefts, Betty and Kun Chang. 1967. "Spoken Tibetan Morphophonemics: p," Lg 43, 512-25.
AL 7:5

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h q q^h
    t^s t^sh č č^h
    s š h
m m̥ n ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥
    l l̥
    r r̥

STOPS: p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h q q^h

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h č č^h

FRICATIVES: s š h

NASALS: m m̥ n ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

    i y u
   I ʋ
   e ø ǝ o
   ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i y I e ø ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u ʋ o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

TONES: hi mid lo fall

DEMONSTRAT: 5 (3 + that above, that below)

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3mf 6d 6
politeness: + honorific forms for 2 3 5d 6d 5 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2127

LANGUAGE: Central Tibetan

DIALECT: Sherpa

LOCATION: NW Nepal

POPULATION: 4 million (5,000)

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

OTHERSOURC:

Pike, Kenneth L. and Burkhard Schoettelndreyer. 1972. "Paired-Sentence Reversals in the Discovery of Underlying and Surface Structures in Sherpa Discourse," IL 33, 72-83.
Pike, Kenneth L. and Burkhard Schottelndreyer. 1973. "Paired-Sentence Reversals," in CSDP I, 361-75.
WPF

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ
t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌
s š
m n ñ ŋ
l l̥
r r̥

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s š

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɑ

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

TONES: hi-ris hi-fall lo-lev lo-ris

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2128

LANGUAGE: Central Tibetan

DIALECT: Jirel

LOCATION: Nepal

POPULATION: 4 million (3,000)

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

OTHERSOURC: Maibaum, Anita and Esther Strahm. 1973. "Jirel Texts," in CSDP III, 177-299.

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ
t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌
s š h
m n ŋ
l l̥
r r̥

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s š h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ũ ã

TONES: hi lo

NOUNNUMBER: s p

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+N+A

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2129

LANGUAGE: Central Tibetan

DIALECT: Lhomi

LOCATION: Nepal

POPULATION: 4 million (4,000)

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

OTHERSOURC: Vesalainen, Olavi and Marja Vesalainen. 1980. Clause Patterns in Lhomi. PL B53.

CONSONANTS:

p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
t̪^s t̪^s^h č č^h
s̪ š h
m n̪ ŋ
l l̥
r

STOPS: p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h

AFFRICATES: t̪^s t̪^s^h č č^h

FRICATIVES: s̪ š h

NASALS: m n̪ ŋ

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i y e ø

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ a only

TONES: tense lax tense-ris lax-ris

SYNTAX: SOV GN ND POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2130

LANGUAGE: Western Tibetan

ALTERNATEN: Ladakhi

DIALECT: Kham

LOCATION: E Tibet

POPULATION: 200,000

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

DICTIONARY: Watters, David E. and Nancy Watters. 1973. An English-Kham, Kham-English Glossary. Kirtipur: SIL.

OTHERSOURC:

Ray, Punya Sloka. 1965. "Kham Phonology," JAOS 85, 336-42.
Watters, David E. 1973. "Clause Patterns in Kham," in CSDP I, 39-202.
AL 7:5

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ ʔ
t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌
s z š ž x ɣ h
m m̥ n n̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥
l l̥
ṛ̥ ṛ

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s z š ž x ɣ h

NASALS: m m̥ n n̥ ñ ñ̥ ŋ ŋ̥

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: ṛ̥ ṛ

MODIFIEDCO: ^Nc = b d ḍ ɡ d^z ɡ̌ ?

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

MODIFIEDVO: v̤ (breathy, lax) all

TONES: hi-ris mid-fall

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

SYNTAX: SOV AN DN POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2131

LANGUAGE: Western Tibetan

DIALECT: Balti

LOCATION: Tibet

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Bodic: Tibetan

GRAMMAR: Read, A. F. C. 1934. Balti Grammar. London: Royal Asiatic Society.

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ ṭ (ḍ) k k^h ɡ q
t^s t^sh d^z č č^h ɡ̌
(f) s z ṣ̌ š ž x ʁ h
m n̪ ŋ
l l̥
r r̥ ṛ

STOPS: p p^h b t̪ t̪^h d̪ ṭ (ḍ) k k^h ɡ q

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h d^z č č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: (f) s z ṣ̌ š ž x ʁ h

NASALS: m n̪ ŋ

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥ ṛ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ǝ

BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3mf 6
politeness: + 2 honorific & 5 honorific

SYNTAX: SOV AN/NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2132

LANGUAGE: Magar

LOCATION: Nepal

POPULATION: 500,000

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Central Himalayan

OTHERSOURC:

Shepherd, Gary and Barbara Shepherd. 1973. "Magar Texts," in CSDP III, 301-434.
CSDP IV, 18-9.
AL 7:5

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤
č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
s s^h h
m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥
l l̥
r r̥

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t̪ t̪^h d̪ d̪̤ ṭ ṭ^h ḍ ḍ̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s s^h h

NASALS: m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥

GLIDES: j j̥ w w̥

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N Num+A+N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 2133

LANGUAGE: Raji

LOCATION: Nepal

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Central Himalayan

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2134

LANGUAGE: Raute

LOCATION: Nepal

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Central Himalayan

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2135

LANGUAGE: Kham

ALTERNATEN: Parbate

LOCATION: Nepal

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Central Himalayan

OTHERSOURC: WALS

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 2136

LANGUAGE: Vayu

ALTERNATEN: Hayu

LOCATION: Nepal

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Central Himalayan

OTHERSOURC: WALS

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 2137

LANGUAGE: Chepang

LOCATION: Nepal (Makwanpur)

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: Central Himalayan

OTHERSOURC:

CSDP IV, 30-1.
WALS

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b b̤ t t^h d d̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ ʔ
č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
s h
m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥
l l̥
r r̥

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ t t^h d d̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ ʔ

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥

LATERALS: l l̥

VIBRANTS: r r̥

GLIDES: j j̥ w w̥

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

TONES: "Chepang might just be an incipient tone language." p.30

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 2138

LANGUAGE: Bunan

ALTERNATEN: Gahri

LOCATION: N India (Himachal Pradesh)

POPULATION: 3,000

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: West Himalayan: North

OTHERSOURC: WALS

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SOV

NUMBER: 2139

LANGUAGE: Thebor

LOCATION: N India (Himachal Pradesh)

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: West Himalayan: North

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2140

LANGUAGE: Sumchu

LOCATION: India

CLASSIFICA: Dene-Caucasian: Sino-Tibetan: Tibeto-Burman: Tibetic: West Himalayan: North

CONSONANTS: