Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 2581

LANGUAGE: Southern Thai

LOCATION: S Thailand

POPULATION: 2 million

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Daic: Li-Kam-Tai: Be-Kam-Tai: Kam-Tai: Tai: Southwestern

CONSONANTS:

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 2582

LANGUAGE: White Tai

LOCATION: NW Vietnam (Lai Chau)

POPULATION: 60,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Daic: Li-Kam-Tai: Be-Kam-Tai: Kam-Tai: Tai: Southwestern

OTHERSOURC: Donaldson, Jean. 1963. White Tai Phonology. HSL 5.

CONSONANTS:

p p^h b t t^h d k k^h (ʔ)
č č^h
f s x h
m n ñ ŋ
l

STOPS: p p^h b t t^h d k k^h (ʔ)

AFFRICATES: č č^h

FRICATIVES: f s x h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO: cʷ k k^h x ŋ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ ɐ ā

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: ā

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

TONES: hi ris, hi ris-glot, mid lev, mid lev glot, lo-mid, lo fall glot, lo ris glot

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 2583

LANGUAGE: Black Tai

LOCATION: NW Vietnam

POPULATION: 300,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Daic: Li-Kam-Tai: Be-Kam-Tai: Kam-Tai: Tai: Southwestern

OTHERSOURC: Fippinger, Jay and Dorothy Fippinger. 1970. "Black Tai Phonemes, with Reference to White Tai," AL 12, 83-97.

CONSONANTS:

p b t t^h d k ʔ (b, d in free variation with ɓ, ɗ)
č
f v s x h
m n ñ ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t t^h d k ʔ (b, d in free variation with ɓ, ɗ)

AFFRICATES: č

FRICATIVES: f v s x h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO: cʷ k x ŋ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ a only

DIPHTHONGS: iǝ ɨǝ uǝ

SYLLABLE: CV(C)

TONES: hi lev, hi ris, hi-mid lev, mid fall glot, lo-mid lev, lo lev glot

SYNTAX: SVO NA

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 2584

LANGUAGE: Red Tai

LOCATION: N Vietnam

POPULATION: 50,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Daic: Li-Kam-Tai: Be-Kam-Tai: Kam-Tai: Tai: Southwestern

CONSONANTS:

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 2585

LANGUAGE: Tay Nua

LOCATION: SE China ( S Yunnan)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Daic: Li-Kam-Tai: Be-Kam-Tai: Kam-Tai: Tai: Southwestern

CONSONANTS:

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 2586

LANGUAGE: Ya

ALTERNATEN: Tai Ya

LOCATION: SE China (C Yunnan)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Daic: Li-Kam-Tai: Be-Kam-Tai: Kam-Tai: Tai: Southwestern

OTHERSOURC: E

CONSONANTS:

SYNTAX: SVO

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 2587

LANGUAGE: Yuan

LOCATION: Thailand

POPULATION: 2 million

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Daic: Li-Kam-Tai: Be-Kam-Tai: Kam-Tai: Tai: Southwestern

CONSONANTS:

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 2588

LANGUAGE: Yunnan Shant'ou

LOCATION: SE China (SC Yunnan)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Daic: Li-Kam-Tai: Be-Kam-Tai: Kam-Tai: Tai: Southwestern

CONSONANTS:

ERGATIVE:

PREPPOST:

NUMBER: 2589

LANGUAGE: Proto-Austronesian

LOCATION: SE Asia

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austro-Tai: Austronesian

OTHERSOURC:

Chrétien, C. Douglas. 1965. "The Statistical Structure of the Proto-Austronesian Morph," Lingua 14, 243-70.
Prentice, D. J. 1974. "Yet Another PAN Phoneme," OL 13, 33-75.
Wolff, John. 1974. "Proto-Austronesian *r and *d," OL 13, 77-121.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d ṭ ḍ c ɟ k ɡ q G ʔ

s h
m n ñ ŋ
l ḷ
r

STOPS: p b t d ṭ ḍ c ɟ k ɡ q G ʔ

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ḷ

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

COMMENTS: There is no concensus on the phonemes of proto-austronesian, the phonological system sketched above is a composite of several different sources.

NUMBER: 2590

LANGUAGE: Atayal

LOCATION: NC Taiwan

POPULATION: 35,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Atayalic

DICTIONARY:

Egerod, Søren. 1965a. "An English-Atayal Vocabulary," Acta Orientalia 29, 203-20.
Egerod, Søren. 1980. Atayal-English Dictionary, 2 vols. London: Curzon Press.

OTHERSOURC:

Egerod, Søren. 1965b. "Verb Inflection in Atayal," Lingua 15, 251-82.
Egerod, Søren. 1966a. "A Statement on Atayal Phonology," Artibus Asiae, Supplement 23, 120-30.
Dyen, Isidore. 1971. "The Austronesian Languages of Formosa," CTIL 8, 168-99.
RPTP.
Egerod, Søren. 1966b. "Word Order and Word Classes in Atayal," Lg 42, 346-69.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k q ʔ
    t^s
    s x ɦ
β ž ɣ
m n ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p t k q ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: β s ž x ɣ ɦ

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
ɛ (ǝ) ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: (ǝ) a

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ i u only

STRESS: final

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO/VOS NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2591

LANGUAGE: Sedeq

ALTERNATEN: Seediq

LOCATION: EC Taiwan

POPULATION: 20,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Atayalic

OTHERSOURC:

Dyen, Isidore. 1971. "The Austronesian Languages of Formosa," CTIL 8, 168-99.
Starosta, Stanley. 1974. "Causative Verbs in Formosan Languages," OL 13, 279.
RPTP

CONSONANTS:

   p t k q ʔ
b d
    ɡ̌
    s x
    ɣ
m n ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k q ʔ

AFFRICATES: ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s x ɣ

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u

SYNTAX: VOS NG ND N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2592

LANGUAGE: Proto-Tsouic

LOCATION: Taiwan

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic

OTHERSOURC: RPTP

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
    t^s č
    θ s h
v z ž
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɾ r

STOPS: p t k ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: v θ s z ž h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ

VIBRANTS: ɾ r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u

NASALVOWEL: ṽ a

NUMBER: 2593

LANGUAGE: Rukai

DIALECT: Budai

LOCATION: SE Taiwan

POPULATION: 6,300

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic

OTHERSOURC: RPTP

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ḍ ɡ
    t^s
    θ s
v ð
m n ŋ
    ɬ
    ɾ r

STOPS: p b t d ḍ k ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: v θ ð s

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: ɬ

VIBRANTS: ɾ r

VOWELS:

    i ɨ
    o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: o

STRESS: phonemic

SYNTAX: VSO

NUMBER: 2594

LANGUAGE: Rukai

DIALECT: Tona

LOCATION: SE Taiwan

POPULATION: 6,300

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic

OTHERSOURC: RPTP

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b d ḍ ɡ
    t^s
    θ s
v
m n ŋ
    ɬ

STOPS: p b t d ḍ k ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: v θ s

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: ɬ

VOWELS:

    i ɨ
    o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: o

STRESS: phonemic

NUMBER: 2595

LANGUAGE: Rukai

DIALECT: Mantauran

LOCATION: SE Taiwan

POPULATION: 6,300

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic

OTHERSOURC: RPTP

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
    t^s
    s h
v ð
m n ŋ
    ɬ
    ɾ r

STOPS: p t k ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: v ð s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: ɬ

VIBRANTS: ɾ r

VOWELS:

    i ɨ
    o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: o

NUMBER: 2596

LANGUAGE: Rukai

DIALECT: Maga

LOCATION: SE Taiwan

POPULATION: 8,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic

OTHERSOURC:

Starosta, Stanley. 1974. "Causative Verbs in Formosan Languages," OL 13, 279-369.
RPTP

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ḍ ɡ
    t^s
    θ s
v
m n ŋ
    l
    ɹ̣

STOPS: p b t d ḍ k ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: v θ s

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɹ̣

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
ɛ ǝ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ

STRESS: phonemic

ARTICLES: def

SYNTAX: VSO NUM-N

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2597

LANGUAGE: Rukai

DIALECT: Taromak

LOCATION: SE Taiwan

POPULATION: 6,300

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic

GRAMMAR: Li, Paul Jen-kuei. 1973. Rukai Structure. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academica Sinica.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ ʔ
t^s
v θ ð s h
m n ŋ
l ḷ
r

STOPS: p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: v θ ð s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l ḷ

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)(G)V(C)

STRESS: final

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: def indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N N-POSS D+Num+A+N

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2598

LANGUAGE: Tsou

LOCATION: SC Taiwan

POPULATION: 3,100

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic: Tsouic Proper: Northern

GRAMMAR: GD: Tung, T'ung-ho, et al. 1964. A Descriptive Study of the Tsou Language, Formosa. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.

OTHERSOURC:

Dyen, Isidore. 1971. "The Austronesian Languages of Formosa," CTIL 8, 168-99.
Starosta, Stanley. 1974. "Causative Verbs in Formosan Languages," OL 13, 279-369.
Stanley, Patricia. 1979. "Morphophonemics of Verb Suffixes in Tsou," PL C45, 187-98.

CONSONANTS:

p ^ʔb t k ʔ
t^s
f v s z h
m n ŋ
^ʔl

STOPS: p ^ʔb t k ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: f v s z h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: ^ʔl

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V

STRESS: non-phonemic (usually penultimate)

DEMONSTRAT: 6 (this visible/that visible/yonder visible/invisible but already seen/invisible never seen/invisible near)

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO/VOS AN NG DN NUM-N N-POSS

NOUNINCORP: Noun Incorp

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2599

LANGUAGE: Kanakanabu

LOCATION: SC Taiwan

POPULATION: 150

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic: Tsouic Proper: Southern

OTHERSOURC:

Dyen, Isidore. 1971. "The Austronesian Languages of Formosa," CTIL 8, 168-99.
RPTP.

CONSONANTS:

p t k ʔ
t^s
β s (h)
m n ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p t k ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: β s (h)

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ m n only

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i (e)

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u (ɔ)

LONGVOWELS: v̄

SYLLABLE: (C) V Nˈ

STRESS: phonemic

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
3

SYNTAX: VSO NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

COMMENTS: "Most speak Bunan also. No fluent speakers under 25 (1976). Older speakers are generally fluent in Japanese; younger speakers, in Mandarin. Knowledge of Taiwanese seems rather limited." RPTP, 26.

NUMBER: 2600

LANGUAGE: Saaroa

LOCATION: SC Taiwan

POPULATION: 350

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Tsouic: Tsouic Proper: Southern

OTHERSOURC: RPTP

CONSONANTS:

p t k (ɡ) ʔ
t^s (č) (ɡ̌)
β s (h)
m n ŋ
ɬ
ɾ r

STOPS: p t k (ɡ) ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s (č) (ɡ̌)

FRICATIVES: β s (h)

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: ɬ

VIBRANTS: ɾ r

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i (ɛ)

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: ʋ (ɔ)

LONGVOWELS: v̄

SYLLABLE: (C) V

STRESS: non-phonemic (penult/antepenult)

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
3

SYNTAX: VSO NG ND N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

COMMENTS: "Most of the Saaroa people, except for the very old, can understand and speak Bunun fluently, but only a few Bununs understand Saaroa. Saaroa children speak Saaroa rather poorly." RPTP, 59.