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NUMBER: 2641

LANGUAGE: Central Kalinga

LOCATION: N Philippines (N Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Kalinga-Itneg

OTHERSOURC:

Gieser, C. Richard. 1958. "The Phonemes of Kalinga," OLM 3, 13-33.
PML
AL 7:2

CONSONANTS:

p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ

s
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: s

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

SYLLABLE: CV(C)

STRESS: phonemic

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO NA NG N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2642

LANGUAGE: South Kalinga

LOCATION: N Philippines (NW Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Kalinga-Itneg

OTHERSOURC: Grayden, Bruce. 1979. "The Southern Kalinga /l/" PL A50, 91-100.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

s
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: s

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ p ʔ s m

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

SYLLABLE: CV(C)

STRESS: phonemic

NUMBER: 2643

LANGUAGE: Balangaw

LOCATION: N Philippines (NC Luzon)

POPULATION: 6,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran

GRAMMAR: Shetler, Joanne. 1976. Notes on Balangao Grammar. Huntington Beach, CA: SIL.

OTHERSOURC:

Shetler, Jo and Anne Fetzer. 1964. "The Obscuring of Word Accent in Balangao", OL 3, 101-9.
Shelter, Jo. 1966. "Balangao Phonemes," PL A8, 1-7.
PML

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

s h
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ all

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: CV(C)

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO AN/NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2644

LANGUAGE: Kiangan

LOCATION: N Philippines (NC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Ifugao

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2645

LANGUAGE: Central Ifugao

DIALECT: Amganad

LOCATION: N Philippines (NC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Ifugao

OTHERSOURC:

West, Anne. 1973. "The Semantics of Focus in Amganad Ifugao," Linguistics 110, 98-121.
PML
WPF

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

h
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

STRESS: phonemic

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO NG DN N-POSS

NUMBER: 2646

LANGUAGE: Central Ifugao

DIALECT: Bayninan

LOCATION: N Philippines (NC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Ifugao

OTHERSOURC:

NPL
PML
WPF

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

h
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄

STRESS: phonemic

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

NUMBER: 2647

LANGUAGE: East Ifugao

DIALECT: Batad

LOCATION: N Philippines (NC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Ifugao

DICTIONARY: Newell, Leonard E. 1968. A Batad Ifugao Vocabulary. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files.

OTHERSOURC:

Newell, Leonard E. 1958. "An Ifugao Text" OLM 3, 104-10.
PML
WPF

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

(s) h
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: (s) h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO NG DN NUM-N N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2648

LANGUAGE: Sadanga

LOCATION: Philippines

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Bontok

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2649

LANGUAGE: East Bontok

LOCATION: Philippines

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Bontok

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2650

LANGUAGE: East Bontok

LOCATION: Philippines

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Bontok

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2651

LANGUAGE: East Bontok

LOCATION: Philippines

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Bontok

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2652

LANGUAGE: South Bontok

LOCATION: N Philippines (NC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Bontok

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2653

LANGUAGE: Central Bontok

LOCATION: N Philippines (NC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Bontok

DICTIONARY: Reid, Lawrence A. 1976. Bontok-English Dictionary. PL C36.

GRAMMAR: GD: Seidenadel, Carl Wilhelm. 1909. The First Grammar of the Language Spoken by the Bontoc Igorot. Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company.

OTHERSOURC:

Reud Lawrence A. 1970. Central Bontoc: Sentence, Paragraph and Discourse. SIL 27
AL 7:2
PML

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

s (h)
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: s (h)

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ k ʔ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p [few plurals via reduplication]

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO AN/(NA) NG DN/(ND) NUM-N ND N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2654

LANGUAGE: Kankanay-Itneg

LOCATION: N Philippines (WC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Kankanay

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2655

LANGUAGE: North Kankanay

LOCATION: N Philippines (WC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Kankanay

OTHERSOURC:

Chandler, Donna Hettick. 1974. "Verb Stem Classes in Northern Kankanay," PL A41, 1-21.
NPL
PML
WPF

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

s ɣ
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: s ɣ

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: o

STRESS: phonemic

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2656

LANGUAGE: Central Kankanay

LOCATION: Philippines

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Kankanay

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2657

LANGUAGE: South Kankanay

LOCATION: N Philippines (WC Luzon)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Central Cordilleran: Nuclear Cordilleran: Kankanay

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2658

LANGUAGE: Ilongot

LOCATION: N Philippines (EC Luzon)

POPULATION: 7,600

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Southern Cordilleran

OTHERSOURC:

PML
WPF

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ

s ɣ
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

FRICATIVES: s ɣ

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

NUMBER: 2659

LANGUAGE: Pangasinan

LOCATION: N Philippines (WC Luzon)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Southern Cordilleran: Pangasinic

DICTIONARY:

Benton Richard A. 1971a. Pangasinan Dictionary. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.
Constantino, Ernesto. 1975. English-Pangasinan Dictionary. Quezon City: Univ of the Philippines, Faculty Center.

GRAMMAR:

Fidel of Amurrio. 1970. Pangasinan Grammar. Tagaytay.
Benton, Richard A. 1971b. Pangasinan Reference Grammar. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.

TEXTBOOKS: Benton, Richard A. 1971c. Spoken Pangasinan. Honolulu: Univ of Hawaii Press.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ
(t^s)
s (h)
m n (ñ) ŋ
l (ʎ)
r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: (t^s)

FRICATIVES: s (h)

NASALS: m n (ñ) ŋ

LATERALS: l (ʎ)

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I ø

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

STRESS: mostly penult

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def, indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO AN/NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS Num+N+A

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2660

LANGUAGE: I'wak

LOCATION: Philippines

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Northern Philippines: Northern Luzon: Southern Cordilleran: Pangasinic: Benguet

CONSONANTS: