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NUMBER: 2921

LANGUAGE: Lawangan

LOCATION: Indonesia (SE Borneo)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: East

OTHERSOURC: Hudson, Alfred B. 1967. The Barito Isolects of Borneo. CUDP 68.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k
ɡ̌
s
m n ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k

AFFRICATES: ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

NUMBER: 2922

LANGUAGE: Dusun Deyah

LOCATION: Indonesia (S Borneo)

POPULATION: 20,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: East

OTHERSOURC: Hudson, Alfred B. 1967. The Barito Isolects of Borneo. CUDP 68.

CONSONANTS:

p t k
ɡ̌
s
m n ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p t k

AFFRICATES: ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

NUMBER: 2923

LANGUAGE: Ma'anyan

LOCATION: Indonesia (SE Borneo)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: East

OTHERSOURC:

AL 7:2
WALS

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ
ɡ̌
s h
m n ñ ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ

AFFRICATES: ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO: ^Nc p b t d k ɡ ɡ̌ s r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

SYNTAX: SVO

NUMBER: 2924

LANGUAGE: Malagasy

LOCATION: Madagascar

POPULATION: 5 million

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: East

DICTIONARY:

Richardson, J. 1885. A New Malagasy-English Dictionary. Tananarive: London Missionary Society. [Reprinted 1967 by Gregg International Publishers, Farnborough, England]
Abinal, Antoine and V. Malzac. 1963. Dictionnaire malgache-français. Paris: Editions Maritimes et Coloniales.
An Elementary English-Malagasy Dictionary. 1970. Tananarive: Andro Vaovao & Trano Printy Loterana.
Malzac, V. 1963. Dictionnaire français-malgache. Paris: Editions Maritimes et Coloniales.
GD: Deschamps, Hubert. 1936. Le dialecte antaisaka (langue malgache). Tananarive: Pitot de la Beaujardière.

GRAMMAR:

Malzac, V. 1960. Grammaire malgache. Paris: Société d'Editions Géographiques Maritimes et Coloniales.
Arakin, V. D. 1963. Mal'gashskij jazyk. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo vostochnoj literatury.
Garvey, Catherine J., et al. 1964. A Sketch of Malagasy Grammar. Washington, D.C.:CAL

TEXTBOOKS:

Garvey, Catherine J., et al. 1964. Malagasy Introductory Course. Washington D.C.:CAL.
Stark, Elsie L. 1969. Malagasy without Moans. Tananarive: Trano Printy Loterana.

OTHERSOURC:

Dahl, Otto C. 1952. " Etude de phonologie et de phonétique malgaches," Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap" 16, 148-200.
Dyen, Isidore. 1971. "Malagasy," CTIL 8, 211-39.
Keenan, Edward Louis and Elinor Ochs. 1979. "Becoming a Competent Speaker of Malagasy," in LTS, 113-58.
Dez, Jacques. 1978. "Le malgache," in IEL, 331-49.

CONSONANTS:

p b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ
t^sd^z
f v s z h
m n̪
l
ɾ

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ ṭ ḍ k ɡ

AFFRICATES: t^sd^z

FRICATIVES: f v s z h

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

MODIFIEDCO: ^Nc b d̪ ḍ ɡ d^z (The prenasalized voiceless stops ^mp, ⁿt̪, ⁿṭ, ^ŋk, ⁿt^s, reported in the early literature, have apparently vanished from the contemporary language.)

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u (ɔ)

DIPHTHONGS: ai au ui

SYLLABLE: (C) V (C)

STRESS: penult & antepenult, sometimes phonemic

DEMONSTRAT: 6: this, that, that further away, that far away, that very far away, that's so far away it cannot be seen

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VOS NA NG DND[both obligatory] N-NUM N-POSS D+N+A+Num+D

PREPPOST: PREP

COMMENTS: Genetically closest to Ma'anyan

NUMBER: 2925

LANGUAGE: Dohoi

LOCATION: Indonesia (S Borneo)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: West: Northwest

OTHERSOURC: Hudson, Alfred B. 1967. The Barito Isolects of Borneo. CUDP 68.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k
č ɡ̌
s h
m n ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

DIPHTHONGS: oi ou

NUMBER: 2926

LANGUAGE: Siang

LOCATION: Indonesia (S Borneo)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: West: Northwest

OTHERSOURC: Hudson, Alfred B. 1967. The Barito Isolects of Borneo. CUDP 68.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k
č ɡ̌
s h
m n ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

DIPHTHONGS: oi ou

NUMBER: 2927

LANGUAGE: Kapuas

DIALECT: Ngaju

LOCATION: Indonesia (S Borneo)

POPULATION: 500,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: West: Southwest

OTHERSOURC: Mihing, T. W. J. and W. A. L. Stokhof. 1977. "On the Ngaju Dayak Sound System," MSILI 3, 49-??.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ
č ɡ̌
s h
m n ñ ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: (ǝ) a

BACKVOWELS: u ɔ

LONGVOWELS: ī ɛ̄ ā ū ɔ̄

DIPHTHONGS: aw aj uj oj ej ij

NUMBER: 2928

LANGUAGE: Kapuas

DIALECT: Ba'amang

LOCATION: Indonesia (S Borneo)

POPULATION: 500,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: West: Southwest

OTHERSOURC: Hudson, Alfred B. 1967. The Barito Isolects of Borneo. CUDP 68.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k
ɡ̌
s h
m n ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k

AFFRICATES: ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

DIPHTHONGS: ei au

NUMBER: 2929

LANGUAGE: Katingan

LOCATION: Indonesia (SC Borneo)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: West: Southwest

OTHERSOURC: Hudson, Alfred B. 1967. The Barito Isolects of Borneo. CUDP 68.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k
č ɡ̌
s h
m n ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

DIPHTHONGS: ei au

NUMBER: 2930

LANGUAGE: Kahayan

LOCATION: Indonesia (Borneo)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: West: Southwest

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2931

LANGUAGE: Bakumpai

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: West: Southwest

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2932

LANGUAGE: Tunjung

LOCATION: Indonesia (E Borneo)

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: Mahakam

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2933

LANGUAGE: Ampanang

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Borneo: Barito: Mahakam

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2934

LANGUAGE: Abaknon

LOCATION: WC Philippines (Capul Is)

POPULATION: 10,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2935

LANGUAGE: Batuan

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2936

LANGUAGE: Yakan

LOCATION: S Philippines (E Basilan Is)

POPULATION: 52,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw

OTHERSOURC:

Hooker, Betty. 1975. "Some Nominal Phrases in Yakan," PL A44, 1-12.
Behrens, Dietlinde. 1975. "Yakan Phonemics and Morphophonemics," PL A44, 13-28.

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ
ɡ̌
s h
m n ŋ
l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ all but ʔ ɡ̌ h j

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: penult

DEMONSTRAT: 4 : [3 + that out of sight]

PRONOUNS:

1 4di 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: NA NG ND NUM-N/N-NUM N-POSS NUM+N+A+D

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 2937

LANGUAGE: Sibutuq

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 2938

LANGUAGE: North Sama

LOCATION: S Philippines (Tungkil Is)

POPULATION: 70,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Inner Sulu Sama

OTHERSOURC:

Gault, Jo Ann. 1979. "Phonemics and Morphophonemics of Sama Baangingi," PL A50, 49-68.
PML

CONSONANTS:

p b t d k ɡ ʔ
ɡ̌
s h
m n ñ ŋ
l
(r)

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: (r)

MODIFIEDCO: c̄

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: penult

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4ie
2 5
3 6

NUMBER: 2939

LANGUAGE: Central Sama

ALTERNATEN: Samal

LOCATION: S Philippines (N Tawitawi Is)

POPULATION: 50,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Inner Sulu Sama

OTHERSOURC: WPF

CONSONANTS:

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4ie
2 5
3 6

NUMBER: 2940

LANGUAGE: South Sama

LOCATION: S Philippines (Sibutu Is)

POPULATION: 65,000

CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Inner Sulu Sama

CONSONANTS: