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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 2941
LANGUAGE: Pangutaran
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Western Sulu Sama
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2942
LANGUAGE: Jama Mapun
LOCATION: SW Philippines (Cagayan de Sulu Is)
POPULATION: 13,000
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2943
LANGUAGE: Kota Belud
LOCATION: Malaysia (N Borneo)
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: North Borneo
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2944
LANGUAGE: Kawang
LOCATION: Malaysia (N Borneo)
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: North Borneo
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2945
LANGUAGE: Putatan
LOCATION: Malaysia (N Borneo)
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: North Borneo
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2946
LANGUAGE: Sulamu
LOCATION: Indonesia
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: Indonesian
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2947
LANGUAGE: Kajoa
LOCATION: Indonesia (Kajoa Is)
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: Indonesian
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2948
LANGUAGE: Roti1
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: Indonesian
NUMBER: 2949
LANGUAGE: Jaya Bakti
LOCATION: Indonesia
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: Indonesian
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2950
LANGUAGE: Poso
LOCATION: Indonesia
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: Indonesian
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2951
LANGUAGE: Tongian1
LOCATION: Indonesia (Togian Is)
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: Indonesian
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2952
LANGUAGE: Tongian2
LOCATION: Indonesia (Togian Is)
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: Indonesian
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2953
LANGUAGE: Wallace
LOCATION: Indonesia
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sama-Bajaw: Borneo Coast Bajaw: Indonesian
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2954
LANGUAGE: Javanese
LOCATION: Indonesia (Java)
POPULATION: 45 million
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sundic
DICTIONARY: Horne, Elinor C. 1974. Javanese-English Dictionary. New Haven: Yale Univ Press.
TEXTBOOKS:

   Horne, Elinor C. 1961. Beginning Javanese. New Haven: Yale Univ Press.
Horne, Elinor C. 1963. Intermediate Javanese. New Haven: Yale Univ Press.
Herrfurth, Hans. 1968. Lehrbuch des modernen Djwanisch. Leipzig: Enzyklopädie.

OTHERSOURC:

   Uhlenbeck, E. M. 1950. "The Structure of the Javanese Morpheme," Lingua 2, 239-70.
Uhlenbeck, E. M. 1953. "The Study of Word Classes in Javanese," Lingua 3, 322-54.
Uhlenbeck, E.M. 1965. "Some Preliminary Remarks on Javanese Syntax," Lingua 15, 53-70.

CONSONANTS:

   p b̤ t̪ d̪̤ t d̤ k ɡ̤ ʔ
ts d̤z
(f) s (z̤) h
m n̪ ñ ŋ
l l̤
r

STOPS: p b̤ t̪ d̪̤ t d̤ k ɡ̤ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts d̤z
FRICATIVES: (f) s (z̤) h
NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l l̤
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO:

   c̤ = b̤ mb̤ d̤̪ nd̤̪ d̤ nd̤ ɡ̤ ŋɡ̤ d̤z nd̤z l̤ (z̤) Heavy consonants have a murmured fuzzy quality which affects the vowel after them by making of a bit a lower in pitch and giving it a breathy sound. Horne 1961. XXIX
Nc = b̤ d̪̤ d̤ ɡ̤ d̤z

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
SYLLABLE: (C) (C) V (C)
STRESS: non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3 [that = ref]
ARTICLES: def
SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND NUM-N/N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 2955
LANGUAGE: Sundanese
LOCATION: Indonesia (W Java)
POPULATION: 15 million
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sundic
DICTIONARY: Lezer, Leo A. 1931. Lezer's soendasch woordenboek. Bandoeng: L. A. Lezer.
GRAMMAR: Pavlenko, Andrei P. 1965. Sundanskij jazyk. Moscow: Nauka.
OTHERSOURC:

   Robins, R. H. 1953. "The Phonology of the Nasalized Verbal Forms in Sundanese," BSOAS 15, 138-45.
Robins, R. H. 1959. "Nominal and Verbal Derivation in Sundanese," Lingua 8, 337-69.
Van Syoc, Wayland Bryce. 1959. The Phonology and Morphology of the Sundanese Language. Ann Arbor: Univ of Michigan Diss.
Robins, R. H. 1965. "Some Typological Obsevations on Sundanese Morphology," Lingua 15, 435-50.
Robins, R. H. 1968. "Basic Sentence Structure in Sundanese." Lingua 21, 351-8.
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ
č ɡ̌
s̪ h
m n̪ ñ ŋ
l
ɾ

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: s̪ h
NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
MODIFIEDVO: nasal harmony
SYLLABLE: (C) (C) V (C)
STRESS: penult
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def, indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO GN ND NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 2956
LANGUAGE: Mbaloh
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sundic
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2957
LANGUAGE: Gayo
LOCATION: Indonesia (N Sumatra)
POPULATION: 120,000
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sundic
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2958
LANGUAGE: Lampung
DIALECT: Pesisir
LOCATION: Indonesia (S Sumatra)
POPULATION: 200,000
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sundic: Lampung
GRAMMAR: Walker, Dale F. 1976. A Grammar of the Lampung Language: The Pesisir Dialect of Way Lima. Jakarta: Baden Penyelenggara Seri NUSA.
OTHERSOURC: Walker, Dale F. 1975. "A Lexical Study of Lampung Dialects," MSILI 1, 11-22.
CONSONANTS:

    p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ
č ɡ̌
s̪ x h
m n̪ ñ ŋ
l̪
(r)

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: s̪ x h
NASALS: m n̪ ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l̪
VIBRANTS: (r)
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u ɔ
SYLLABLE: (C) (C) (C) V (C)
STRESS: final
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3+ ref
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
3 5
3 6
[All pronouns except 4i have two forms: formal and informal.]

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 2959
LANGUAGE: Komering
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sundic: Lampung
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 2960
LANGUAGE: Bali
LOCATION: Indonesia (Bali Is)
POPULATION: 2 million
CLASSIFICA: Austric: Austronesian: Malayo-Polynesian: Western: Sundic: Bali-Sasak
OTHERSOURC: AL 7:2
CONSONANTS:

   p b t d k ɡ ʔ
č ɡ̌
s h
m n ñ ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: s h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,
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