CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:3682
LANGUAGE:Weleki
LOCATION:E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe)
POPULATION:130
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:3683
LANGUAGE:Wiru
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (E Southern Highlands)
POPULATION:16,000
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands
OTHERSOURC:
LSGD PLNGLS
CONSONANTS:
phmb thnd kh
m n ŋ l
STOPS:phmb thnd kh
NASALS:m n ŋ
LATERALS:l
GLIDES:j w
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ ?
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C)
TONES:
hi lo
PRONOUNS:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d
NUMBER:3684
LANGUAGE:Kenati
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:550
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:3685
LANGUAGE:Gants
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang)
POPULATION:1,900
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:3686
LANGUAGE:Kalam
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang)
POPULATION:13,000
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam
OTHERSOURC:
Biggs, Bruce. 1963. "A Non-Phonemic Central Vowel Type in Karam, a 'Pigmy' Language of the Schrader Mountains, Central New Guinea," AL 5:4, 13-7. E
CONSONANTS:
mb t nd k ŋɡ č ñɡ̌ ɸ s m n ñ ŋ
r
STOPS:mb t nd k ŋɡ
AFFRICATES:č ñɡ̌
FRICATIVES:ɸ s
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
VIBRANTS:r
GLIDES:j w
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all but ǝ
DIPHTHONGS:aj ej aw
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C)
STRESS:phonemic, but mostly final
SYNTAX:SOV
NUMBER:3687
LANGUAGE:Kobon
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang)
POPULATION:3,000
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam
OTHERSOURC:Dawson, Marcus and May Dawson. 1974. "Kobon Phrase," in Grammarical Studies in Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 119-82.
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SOV NA GN N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3688
LANGUAGE:Owena
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:380
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:3689
LANGUAGE:Gadsup
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:20,000
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup
OTHERSOURC:
Frantz, Chester I. 1962. "Grammatical Categories as Indicated by Gadsup Noun Suffixes," OLM 6, 44-63. Frantz, Chester and Howard McKaughan. 1964. "Gadsup Independent Verb Affixes," in VSFNGL, 84-99. Frantz, Chester I. and Marjorie E. Frantz. 1966. "Gadsup Phoneme and Toneme Units, PL A7, 1-11. Frantz, Chester I. 1976. "Gadsup Sentence Structure," in Higher Level Studies of Two Papua New Guinea Related Highlands Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 73-191.
CONSONANTS:
p t d k ʔ
β m n
STOPS:p t d k ʔ
FRICATIVES:β
NASALS:m n
GLIDES:j
FRONTVOWEL:i
CENTRALVOW:ǝ
BACKVOWELS:u
LONGVOWELS:ē ā ō
DIPHTHONGS:diphthonɡs
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C)
TONES:hi lo ris fall
NOUNNUMBER:s d t p d=2 t=3 or several; p=>2
PRONOUNS:
1 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3690
LANGUAGE:Gadsup
DIALECT:Agarabi
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:20,000 (11,000)
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup
GRAMMAR:Goddard, Jean. 1974. "Notes on Agarabi Grammar," in Grammatical Studies in Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 75-118.
OTHERSOURC:
Goddard, Jean. 1967. "Agarabi Narratives and Commentary," PL A13, 1-25. Goddard, Jean. 1976. "Higher Levels of Agarabi Grammar," in Higher Level Studies of Two Papua New Guinea Related Highlands Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 5-72.
CONSONANTS:
p t k ʔ
m n
ɾ
STOPS:p t k ʔ
NASALS:m n
VIBRANTS:ɾ
GLIDES:j w
FRONTVOWEL:i
CENTRALVOW:ǝ
BACKVOWELS:u
LONGVOWELS:ɛ̄ ā ō
TONES:
hi lo
ARTICLES:def indef
SYNTAX:SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N Num+N+A
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3691
LANGUAGE:Auyana
DIALECT:Usarufa
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:75,000 (1,000)
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup
OTHERSOURC:
Bee, Darlene and Kathleen Barker Glasgow. 1962. "Usarufa Tone and Segmental Phonemes," OLM 6, 111-27. Bee, Darlene. 1965. "Usarufa Distinctive Features and Phonemes," PL A6, 39-68. Longacre, Robert E. 1972. Hierarchy and Universality of Discourse Constituents in New Guinea Languages: Texts. Washington, D.C: Georgetown Univ Press. AL 7:9 WPF
CONSONANTS:
p ʔp t ʔt k ʔk ʔ (Some sources indicate that ǀʔp, ʔt, ʔkǀ are rather ǀb, d, ɡǀ, with ǀb, ɡǀ realized as (β, ð).)
m ʔm n ʔn
ɾ
STOPS:p ʔp t ʔt k ʔk ʔ (Some sources indicate that ǀʔp, ʔt, ʔkǀ are rather ǀb, d, ɡǀ, with ǀb, ɡǀ realized as (β, ð).)
NASALS:m ʔm n ʔn
VIBRANTS:ɾ
MODIFIEDCO:c̄ m n
GLIDES:j ʔj w ʔw
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ɐ
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ a only
SYLLABLE:(C)V
TONES:hi lo fall
PRONOUNS:
1 4d 4t 4 2 5d 5t 5 3 6d 6t 6
SYNTAX:SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N & Num+A+N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3692
LANGUAGE:Awa
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:1,500
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup
DICTIONARY:Loving, Richard and Aretta Loving. 1975. Awa Dictionary. PL C30.
OTHERSOURC:
Loving, Richard and Aretta Loving. 1962. "A Preliminary Survey of Awa Noun Suffixes," OLM 6, 28-43. Loving, Richard and Howard McKaughan. 1964. "Awa Verbs," in VSFNGL, 1-44. Loving, Richard E. 1966. "Awa Phonemes, Tonemes and Tonally Differentiated Allomorphs," PL A7, 23-32. PLNGLS
CONSONANTS:
p b t k ɡ ʔ ts
m n
ɾ
STOPS:p b t k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES:ts
NASALS:m n
VIBRANTS:ɾ
GLIDES:j w
FRONTVOWEL:i e æ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
SYLLABLE:(C)V(N,ʔ)
TONES:hi lo ris fall
NOUNNUMBER:s d t p
DEMONSTRAT:5: [2 + that level over there, that above over there, that below over there] + ref
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6 4=5
SYNTAX:SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3693
LANGUAGE:Tairora
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (E Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:8,500
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora
OTHERSOURC:
Vincent, Alex and Lois Vincent. 1962. "Introductory Notes on Tairora Verb Morphology and Syntax," OLM 6, 4-27. Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2. WPF
CONSONANTS:
p b mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ
h m n
ɾ
STOPS:p b mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ
FRICATIVES:h
NASALS:m n
VIBRANTS:ɾ
FRONTVOWEL:i
CENTRALVOW:ǝ
BACKVOWELS:u
LONGVOWELS:ē ā ō
PRONOUNS:
1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
SYNTAX:SOV
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3694
LANGUAGE:Binumarien
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:150
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora
OTHERSOURC:Oatridge, Des and Jennifer Oatridge. 1966. "Phonemes of Binumarien," PL A7, 13-21.
CONSONANTS:
p t k ʔ
ɸ s m n (ŋ)
ɾ̣
STOPS:p t k ʔ
FRICATIVES:h
NASALS:m n (ŋ)
VIBRANTS:ɾ̣
MODIFIEDCO:ʔc ?
GLIDES:j w
FRONTVOWEL:i
CENTRALVOW:ɐ
BACKVOWELS:u
LONGVOWELS:ī ē ā ū ɔ̄
DIPHTHONGS:ua au ai ia ui iu
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)V
TONES:hi lo
SYNTAX:POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3695
LANGUAGE:Waffa
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe)
POPULATION:950
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora
OTHERSOURC:Stringer, Mary and Joyce Hotz. 1971. "Waffa Phonemes," Te Reo 14, 42-8.
CONSONANTS:
p mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ
ɸ β β̃ s h m n ŋ
ɾ ɾ̃
STOPS:p mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ
FRICATIVES:ɸ β β̃ s h
NASALS:m n ŋ
VIBRANTS:ɾ ɾ̃
GLIDES:j
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
SYLLABLE:(C)V
STRESS:phonemic
NOUNNUMBER:s d p
DEMONSTRAT:ref
SYNTAX:SOV GN POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3696
LANGUAGE:Gende
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (SC Madang)
POPULATION:9,000
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central
OTHERSOURC:Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2.
CONSONANTS:
p b mb t nd c ɟ ñɟ k ɡ ŋɡ
z m n ñ l r
STOPS:p b mb t nd c ɟ ñɟ k ɡ ŋɡ
FRICATIVES:z
NASALS:m n ñ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:cʷ k ɡ ŋɡ
GLIDES:j w
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
NUMBER:3697
LANGUAGE:Kamano
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:84,000
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central
OTHERSOURC:
Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2. Young, Rosemary. 1962. "The Phonemes of Kanite, Kamano, Benabena and Gahuku," OLM 6, 90-110.
CONSONANTS:
p t k ɡ ʔ
β f s z h m n
ɾ
STOPS:p t k ɡ ʔ
FRICATIVES:β f s z h
NASALS:m n
VIBRANTS:ɾ
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
SYLLABLE:(C)V(ʔ)
STRESS:phonemic
NUMBER:3698
LANGUAGE:Kamano
DIALECT:Yagaria
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:84,000 (21,000)
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central
DICTIONARY:Renck, G. L. 1977. Yagaria Dictionary. PL C37.
GRAMMAR:Renck, G. L. 1975. A Grammar of Yagaria. PL B40.
OTHERSOURC:Renck, G. L. 1967. "A Tentative Statement of the Phonemes of Yagaria," PL A12, 19-48.
CONSONANTS:
p b t d k ɡ ʔ
f v s h m n L
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ ʔ
FRICATIVES:f v s h
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:L
GLIDES:j
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
DIPHTHONGS:ɛi ou aɛ ao
SYLLABLE:(C)V(ʔ)
TONES:hi mid lo
STRESS:phonemic [stress and tones are linked]
NOUNNUMBER:(s, d, p suffixes rarely used)
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
SYNTAX:SOV AN(NA) GN DN N-NUM/(NUM-N) POSS-N(inalien)/N-POSS(alien) D+A+N+Num
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3699
LANGUAGE:Kamano
DIALECT:Kanite
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:84,000 (3,400)
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central
OTHERSOURC:
Young, Rosemary. 1962. "The Phoemes of Kanite, Kamano, Benabena and Gahuku," OLM 6, 90-110. McCarthy, Joy. 1965. "Clause Chaining in Kanite," AL 7:5, 59-70.
CONSONANTS:
p t k ʔ
β f s h m n L
STOPS:p t k ʔ
FRICATIVES:β f s h
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:L
GLIDES:j
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
DIPHTHONGS:ai au ǝi ǝu
SYLLABLE:(C)V(ʔ)
TONES:hi lo
STRESS:phonemic
SYNTAX:SOV AN GN POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:3700
LANGUAGE:Siane
LOCATION:C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)
POPULATION:16,000
CLASSIFICA:Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Siane
OTHERSOURC:
Lucht, Ramona and Dorothy James. 1962. "Phonemes of Siane," Te Reo 5, 12-6. WALS