Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 462

LANGUAGE: Iyekhee

ALTERNATEN: Etsako

DIALECT: Ayele

LOCATION: SC Nigeria (Mid-Western)

POPULATION: 120,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central

GRAMMAR: Strub, E. 1915. "Essai d'une grammaire de la langue kukuruku (Nigieria, Afrique Occidentale," Anthropos 10-11, 450-65 & 888-907.

OTHERSOURC:

Laver, John. 1967. "A Preliminary Phonology of the Ayele Dialect of Esako," JWAL 4:2, 53-6.
Laver, J. D. M. 1969. "Etasko," in TNL, 47-55.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
f s x
β v z ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ ɾ̥

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb

FRICATIVES: β f v s z x ɣ

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ ɾ̥

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ m v z

GLIDES: j ɥ w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)(G)V

TONES: hi hi-fall lo downstep downdrift

NUMBER: 476

LANGUAGE: Izi

LOCATION: SE Nigeria (East-Central)

POPULATION: 200,000

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger

GRAMMAR: Meier, Paul, Inge Meier and John Bendor-Samuel. 1975. A Grammar of Izi: An Igbo Language. SIL 47.

OTHERSOURC: Bendor-Samuel, John T. and Inge Meier. 1967. "Some Contrasting Features of the Izi Verbal System," JAL 6, 10-41.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
p^ft^s
b^vd^zɸ (f) s (š) x
    v z (ž) ɣ
m n (ñ) ŋ ŋm
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb

AFFRICATES: p^f b^vt^s d^z

FRICATIVES: ɸ (f) v s z (š) (ž) x ɣ

NASALS: m n (ñ) ŋ ŋm

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

MODIFIEDCO:

c^j p b t d t^s d^z s z n
cʷ k ɡ ŋ l r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony (i e a u o are characterized by advanced tonɡue root; iˈ eˈ aˈ uˈ oˈ are characterized by retracted tonɡue root. These two classes form the basis of the vowel harmony system.)

SYLLABLE: (C)V(N) Nˈ

TONES: hi lo downstep downdrift upstep

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6 + indef

SYNTAX: SVO NA/AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+Num+D

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 477

LANGUAGE: Igbo

DIALECT: Umuahia

LOCATION: SE Nigeria (East-Central)

POPULATION: 18 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger

GRAMMAR:

Green, M. M. and G. E Igwe. 1963. A Descriptive Grammar of Igbo. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
Igwe, G. E. and M. M. Green. 1965. A Short Igbo Grammar. London: Oxford Univ Press.
Abraham, R. C. 1967. The Principles of Ibo. Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ibadan.
Emenanjo, E. Nolue. 1978. Elements of Modern Igbo Grammar. Ibadan: Oxford Univ Press.

TEXTBOOKS:

Carnochan, J. and B. Iwuchuku. 1963. An Igbo Revision Course. London: Oxford Univ Press.
Igwe, G. E. and M. M. Green. 1967. Igbo Language Course, 2 vols. Ibadan: Oxford Univ Press.

OTHERSOURC:

Williamson, Kay. 1969. "Igbo," in TNL, 85-96.
Dunstan, Elizabeth and G. E. Igwe. 1966. "Two Views of the Phonology of the Ohuhu Dialects of Igbo," JWAL 3:2, 71-5.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ht t^h k k^h kp
b b̤ ɓ^w d d̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č č^h
    ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
f s h
v z ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p p^h b b̤ ɓ^wt t^h d d̤ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ kp

AFFRICATES: č č^h ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌

FRICATIVES: f v s z ɣ h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

MODIFIEDCO:

c^j p p^h b b̤ s s̃ z z̃ h h̃ r
cʷ ɓ k k^h ɡ ɡ̤ h̃ ŋ c̃ f v s z h r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ʋ o ɔ

MODIFIEDVO:

vowel harmony
nasal harmony

SYLLABLE: (C)V Nˈ

TONES: hi lo downstep downdrift

NOUNNUMBER: s p (only for a few kinship terms)

DEMONSTRAT: 2 + ref

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6 + indef

SYNTAX: SVO NA/(AN) NG ND N-NUM/(NUM-N [1 20 400]) N-POSS N+A+Num+D

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 478

LANGUAGE: Igbo

DIALECT: Onitsha

LOCATION: SE Nigeria (East-Central)

POPULATION: 18 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger

DICTIONARY: Wiliamson, Kay, ed. 1972. Igbo-English Dictionary. Benin City: Ethiope.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ kp
b d ɡ ɡʷ ɡb
    č
    ɡ̌
f s (š) (h)
    ɣ
m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ kp ɡb

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f s (š) ɣ (h)

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ʋ ɔ

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

SYLLABLE: (C)V Nˈ

TONES: hi lo downstep

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA/(AN) NG ND N-NUM/(NUM-N [1 20 400 1,000 1,000,000] N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 479

LANGUAGE: Ika

LOCATION: S Nigeria (Mid-Western)

POPULATION: 18 million

CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger

OTHERSOURC: Willamson, Kay. 1968. An Introduction to Ìka and Ukwuanı̀. Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ibadan.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š h
(ṽ) z ɣ
m n n ̃ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb

AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: f (ṽ) s z š ɣ h

NASALS: m n ñ ŋ

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

MODIFIEDCO:

c^j p b t f h
cʷ k ɡ s h ŋ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

FRONTVOWEL: i I e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u ʋ o ɔ

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

MODIFIEDVO:

vowel harmony
nasal harmony

SYLLABLE: (C)(G)V Nˈ

TONES: hi lo downstep downdrift

SYNTAX: N-POSS

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