CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:462
LANGUAGE:Iyekhee
ALTERNATEN:Etsako
DIALECT:Ayele
LOCATION:SC Nigeria (Mid-Western)
POPULATION:120,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
GRAMMAR:Strub, E. 1915. "Essai d'une grammaire de la langue kukuruku (Nigieria, Afrique Occidentale," Anthropos 10-11, 450-65 & 888-907.
OTHERSOURC:
Laver, John. 1967. "A Preliminary Phonology of the Ayele Dialect of Esako," JWAL 4:2, 53-6. Laver, J. D. M. 1969. "Etasko," in TNL, 47-55.
CONSONANTS:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb f s x β v z ɣ m n ñ ŋ l ɾ ɾ̥
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
FRICATIVES:β f v s z x ɣ
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:ɾ ɾ̥
MODIFIEDCO:c̄ m v z
GLIDES:j ɥ w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
SYLLABLE:(C)(G)V
TONES:hi hi-fall lo downstep downdrift
NUMBER:463
LANGUAGE:Iyekhee
ALTERNATEN:Etsako
DIALECT:Ekpheli
LOCATION:Nigeria
POPULATION:120,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
OTHERSOURC:Elimelech, Baruch. 1978. A Tonal Grammar of Etsako. UCPL 87.
CONSONANTS:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb ts dz f θ s x β v ɣ m n l ɾ
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES:ts dz
FRICATIVES:β f v θ s x ɣ
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:ɾ
MODIFIEDCO:c̄ kp ɡb m
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
DIPHTHONGS:diphthonɡs
TONES:hi lo ris fall downstep
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:2
ARTICLES:def
SYNTAX:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
NUMBER:464
LANGUAGE:Iyekhee
ALTERNATEN:Estako
DIALECT:Auchi
LOCATION:SC Nigeria
POPULATION:120,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
OTHERSOURC:STAL
CONSONANTS:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb ts č ɡ̌ f s š x β v z ž ɣ m n ñ ŋʷ l ɾ r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES:ts č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:β f v s z š ž x ɣ
NASALS:m n ñ ŋʷ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:ɾ r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o ɔ
TONES:hi mid lo [+ 6 ris & fall tones]
NUMBER:465
LANGUAGE:Ghotuo
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:466
LANGUAGE:Uneme
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:467
LANGUAGE:North Ibie
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:468
LANGUAGE:Ikpeshi
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:469
LANGUAGE:Sasaru
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:470
LANGUAGE:Ososo
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: North-Central
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:471
LANGUAGE:Okpamheri
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: Northwestern
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:472
LANGUAGE:Uhami
LOCATION:Nigeria (Western)
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: Northwestern
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:473
LANGUAGE:Ukue
LOCATION:Nigeria (Western)
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: Northwestern
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:474
LANGUAGE:Okpe2
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Edo: Northwestern
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:475
LANGUAGE:Ekpeye
LOCATION:Nigeria
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:476
LANGUAGE:Izi
LOCATION:SE Nigeria (East-Central)
POPULATION:200,000
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger
GRAMMAR:Meier, Paul, Inge Meier and John Bendor-Samuel. 1975. A Grammar of Izi: An Igbo Language. SIL 47.
OTHERSOURC:Bendor-Samuel, John T. and Inge Meier. 1967. "Some Contrasting Features of the Izi Verbal System," JAL 6, 10-41.
CONSONANTS:
p t k kp b d ɡ ɡb pf ts bv dz ɸ (f) s (š) x v z (ž) ɣ m n (ñ) ŋ ŋm l r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES:pf bv ts dz
FRICATIVES:ɸ (f) v s z (š) (ž) x ɣ
NASALS:m n (ñ) ŋ ŋm
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:
cj p b t d ts dz s z n cʷ k ɡ ŋ l r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony (i e a u o are characterized by advanced tonɡue root; iˈ eˈ aˈ uˈ oˈ are characterized by retracted tonɡue root. These two classes form the basis of the vowel harmony system.)
SYLLABLE:(C)V(N) Nˈ
TONES:hi lo downstep downdrift upstep
DEMONSTRAT:2
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6 + indef
SYNTAX:SVO NA/AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+Num+D
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:477
LANGUAGE:Igbo
DIALECT:Umuahia
LOCATION:SE Nigeria (East-Central)
POPULATION:18 million
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger
GRAMMAR:
Green, M. M. and G. E Igwe. 1963. A Descriptive Grammar of Igbo. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. Igwe, G. E. and M. M. Green. 1965. A Short Igbo Grammar. London: Oxford Univ Press. Abraham, R. C. 1967. The Principles of Ibo. Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ibadan. Emenanjo, E. Nolue. 1978. Elements of Modern Igbo Grammar. Ibadan: Oxford Univ Press.
TEXTBOOKS:
Carnochan, J. and B. Iwuchuku. 1963. An Igbo Revision Course. London: Oxford Univ Press. Igwe, G. E. and M. M. Green. 1967. Igbo Language Course, 2 vols. Ibadan: Oxford Univ Press.
OTHERSOURC:
Williamson, Kay. 1969. "Igbo," in TNL, 85-96. Dunstan, Elizabeth and G. E. Igwe. 1966. "Two Views of the Phonology of the Ohuhu Dialects of Igbo," JWAL 3:2, 71-5.
CONSONANTS:
p ph t th k kh kp b b̤ ɓw d d̤ ɡ ɡ̤ č čh ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌ f s h v z ɣ m n ñ ŋ l ɾ
STOPS:p ph b b̤ ɓw t th d d̤ k kh ɡ ɡ̤ kp
AFFRICATES:č čh ɡ̌ ɡ̤̌
FRICATIVES:f v s z ɣ h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:ɾ
MODIFIEDCO:
cj p ph b b̤ s s̃ z z̃ h h̃ r cʷ ɓ k kh ɡ ɡ̤ h̃ ŋ c̃ f v s z h r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ʋ o ɔ
MODIFIEDVO:
vowel harmony nasal harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)V Nˈ
TONES:hi lo downstep downdrift
NOUNNUMBER:s p (only for a few kinship terms)
DEMONSTRAT:2 + ref
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6 + indef
SYNTAX:SVO NA/(AN) NG ND N-NUM/(NUM-N [1 20 400]) N-POSS N+A+Num+D
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:478
LANGUAGE:Igbo
DIALECT:Onitsha
LOCATION:SE Nigeria (East-Central)
POPULATION:18 million
CLASSIFICA:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Niger