DICTIONARY:Haile, Berard. 1950-51. A Stem Vocabulary of the Navaho Language, 2 vols. St. Michaels, Arizona: St. Michaels Press. [Reprinted 1975 by AMS Press, NewYork.]
GRAMMAR:
Reichard, Gladys A. 1951. Navaho Grammar. New York: J. J. Augustin. Haile, Berard. 1926. A Manual of Navaho Grammar. St. Michaels, Arizona: Franciscan Fathers.
TEXTBOOKS:Haile, Berard. 1941-48. Learning Navaho, 4 vols. St. Michaels, Arizona: St. Michaels Press.
OTHERSOURC:
Sapir, Edward and Harry Hoijer. 1967. The Phonology and Morphology of the Navaho Language. UCPL 50. Kari, James M. 1976. Navajo Verb Prefix Phonology. New York: Garland. Kari, James M. 1973. "Navajo Language Bibliography," Navajo Reading Study Progress Report, No. 22, The University of New Mexico.
CONSONANTS:
p t th tʔ k kh kʔ khʷ ʔ ts tsh tsʔ tl tlh tlʔ č čh čʔ s z š ž x ɣ xʷ h hʷ m ʔm n ʔn l ɬ
STOPS:p t th tʔ k kh kʔ khʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES:ts tsh tsʔ tl tlh tlʔ č čh čʔ
FRICATIVES:s z š ž x ɣ xʷ h hʷ
NASALS:m ʔm n ʔn
LATERALS:l ɬ
GLIDES:j ʔj (w)
FRONTVOWEL:I ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:ɔ
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
NASALVOWEL:
ṽ all v̄̃ all
DIPHTHONGS:ai ao ei eo io oi
SYLLABLE:CV(C) Nˈ
TONES:hi lo (ris & fall on long vowels)
NOUNNUMBER:s d p for some kinship terms
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6
SYNTAX:SOV NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
ERGATIVE:
NOUNINCORP:pronoun incorp
PREPPOST:/POST
NUMBER:4684
LANGUAGE:Kutenai
LOCATION:W Canada (Alberta)
POPULATION:400
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Almosan: Kutenai
GRAMMAR:
Canestrelli, Philippo. 1927. "Grammar of the Kutenai Language," IJAL 4,1-84. Garvin, Paul L.1948. "Kutenai I-II," IJAL 14, 37-42 & 87-90.
OTHERSOURC:
Boas, Franz. 1927. "Additional Notes on the Kutenai Language," IJAL 4, 85-104. Garvin, Paul. 1953. "Short Kutenai Texts," IJAL 19, 305-11. Haugen, Einar. 1956. "Syllabification in Kutenai," IJAL 22, 196-201. Haas, Mary R. 1965. "Is Kutenai Related to Algonquian," Canadian Journal of Linguistics 10, 77-92.
CONSONANTS:
p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ q qʔ ʔ ts tsʔ s x h m n (l) ɬ
STOPS:p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ q qʔ ʔ
AFFRICATES:ts tsʔ
FRICATIVES:s x h
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:(l) ɬ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u a
FRONTVOWEL:i
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u
LONGVOWELS:ē ā ō
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)(C)CV(C)(C)(C)
STRESS:penult
NOUNNUMBER:s d p
DEMONSTRAT:3
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6 3=6
SYNTAX:SVO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,4)/N-POSS(2,3,5,6) D+A+N
NOUNINCORP:noun incorp
NUMBER:4685
LANGUAGE:Wiyot
LOCATION:NW California
POPULATION:extinct (1962)
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Ritwan
GRAMMAR:Teeter, Karl V. 1964a. The Wiyot Language. UCPL 37.
OTHERSOURC:Teeter, Karl V. 1964b. "Wiyot and Yurok: A Preliminary Study," in SCL, 192-8.
CONSONANTS:
p ph t̪ t̪h k kh kʷ khʷ (ʔ) t̪s t̪sh č čh s̪ š h β ɣ m n̪ l̪ ɬ̪ ɾ ɹ̣
STOPS:p ph t̪ t̪h k kh kʷ khʷ (ʔ)
AFFRICATES:t̪s t̪sh č čh
FRICATIVES:β s̪ š ɣ h
NASALS:m n̪
LATERALS:l̪ ɬ̪
VIBRANTS:ɾ ɹ̣
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
I ʋ ɛ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:I ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:ʋ ɔ
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)CV(C)(C)
STRESS:pitch accent (hi, lo)
DEMONSTRAT:2
ARTICLES:def indef
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SVO/(SOV) NA GN DN NUM-N/N-NUM POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:4686
LANGUAGE:Yurok
LOCATION:NW California
POPULATION:20 (1958)
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Ritwan
GRAMMAR:GD: Robins, R. H. 1958. The Yurok Language. UCPL 15.
OTHERSOURC:
Teeter, Karl V. 1964b. "Wiyot and Yurok: A Preliminary Study," in SCL, 192-8. Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
CONSONANTS:
p pʔ t̪ t̪ʔ k kʔ kʷ kʔʷ ʔ č čʔ s (š) (x) h ɣ m n̪ l ɬ ɹ̣
STOPS:p pʔ t̪ t̪ʔ k kʔ kʷ kʔʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES:č čʔ
FRICATIVES:s (š) (x) ɣ h
NASALS:m n̪
LATERALS:l ɬ
VIBRANTS:ɹ̣
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
I ʋ ɛ ǝ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:I ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:ʋ ɔ
LONGVOWELS:ī ǝ̄ ā ū ɔ̄
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
DIPHTHONGS:
ej ǝj oj uj iǝ eǝ aǝ oǝ uǝ ǝw ew ow āj āw ōj
SYLLABLE:(C)CV(C)(C)(C)
NOUNNUMBER:s (p) [a small number of nouns have a separate pl form]
DEMONSTRAT:2
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 *3hH *6hHN [3H=6H] h=human H=non-human
SYNTAX:SVO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST:PREP
NUMBER:4687
LANGUAGE:Proto-Algonquian
LOCATION:Montana
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian
GRAMMAR:Goddar, Ives. 1979. "Comparative Algonquian," in LNA, 70-132.
TEXTBOOKS:Suarez, Jorge A. 1975. Estudios Huaves. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
OTHERSOURC:
Goddard, Ives. 1974. "An Outline of the Historical Phonology of Arapaho and Atsina," IJAL 40,102-16. Kaye, Jonathan. 1978. "Rule Mitosis: The Historical Development of Algonquian Palatalization," in LSNC, 143-56. CTIL 3,144.
CONSONANTS:
p t k (kʷ) č θ s š h m n l
STOPS:p t k (kʷ)
AFFRICATES:č
FRICATIVES:θ s š h
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i e o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:o
LONGVOWELS:v̄ all
NUMBER:4688
LANGUAGE:Beothuk
LOCATION:E Canada (Newfoundland)
POPULATION:extinct
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian
OTHERSOURC:Hewson, John. 1968. "Beothuk and Algonquian: Evidence Old and New," IJAL 34, 85-93.
Uhlenbeck, C. C. 1938. A Concise Blackfoot Grammar. Amsterdam: North-Holland. [Reprinted 1978 by AMS Press, New York] Frantz, Donald G. 1971. Toward a Generative Grammar of Blackfoot. SIL 34.
OTHERSOURC:
Frantz. Donald G. 1966. "Person Indexing in Blackfoot," IJAL 32, 50-8. Frantz, Donald G. 1978. "Copying from Complements in Blackfoot," in LSNC, 89-109.
Frantz, Donald G. 1972. " Cheyenne Distinctive Features and Phonological Rules" IJAL 38, 6-13. Davis, Irvine. 1962. "Phonological Function in Cheyenne," IJAL 28, 36-42.
DICTIONARY:Faries, Richard, ed. 1938. A Dictionary of the Cree Language. Toronto: Anglican Church of Canada.
TEXTBOOKS:
Ellis, C. Douglas. 1962. Spoken Cree. Toronto: The Anglican Church of Canada. Wolfart, H. Christoph and Janet F. Carroll. 1973. Meet Cree: A Practical Guide to the Cree Language. Edmonton: Univ of Alberta Press.
Bloomfield, Leonard. 1925-27. Notes on the Fox Language," IJAL 3, 219-32; 4,181-219. Walker, Willard. 1974. "The Winnebago Syllabary and The Generative Model," AL 16, 393-414.