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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 4701
LANGUAGE: Illinois
LOCATION: C Illinois
POPULATION: 20
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4702
LANGUAGE: Shawnee
LOCATION: Tennessee
POPULATION: 400
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper
OTHERSOURC:

   Voegelin, C. F. 1935. "Shawnee Phonemes," Lg 11, 23-37.
Miller, Wick R. 1959. "An Outline of Shawnee Historical Phonology," IJAL 25, 16-21.
Hickerson, Nancy P. 1959. "An Acoustic Analysis of Shawnee: IV," IJAL 25, 97-104.

CONSONANTS:

    p t̪ k ʔ
    č
    θ š
m n
    l

STOPS: p t̪ k ʔ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: θ š
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ p t k č
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

    i
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NUMBER: 4703
LANGUAGE: Micmac
LOCATION: E Canada (Nova Scotia)
POPULATION: 4,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
DICTIONARY: Rand, Silas Tertius. 1888. Dictionary of the Language of the Micmac Indians. Halifax: Nova Scotia Printing Co. [Reprinted 1972 by Johnson Reprint Corp., NY]
GRAMMAR: Maillard, Antoine S. 1864. Grammaire de la langue mikmaque. New York: Cramoisy Press. [Reprinted 1970 by AMS Press, NY]
OTHERSOURC:

   Hewson, John. 1973. "Proto-Algonkian Reflexes in Micmac," AL15, 151-64.
Fidelholtz, James L. 1978. "Micmac Intransitive Verb Morphology," in LSNC, 67-87.

CONSONANTS:

    p t k
    č
    s (χ)
m n
    l

STOPS: p t k
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s (χ)
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

    i u
e ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but ǝ
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER: anim inan
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

    1 4ie
2 5
*3ai *6ai

SYNTAX: NA NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
NUMBER: 4704
LANGUAGE: Passamaquoddy
LOCATION: N Maine
POPULATION: 10,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
GRAMMAR: Teeter, Karl V. 1971. "The Main Features of Malecite-Passamaquoddy Grammar," in SAIL, 191-249.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ
    č
    s h
m n
    l

STOPS: p t k kʷ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
MODIFIEDCO:

   c̄ s only ?
hc p t k č

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

    i
   e ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: o
STRESS: penult
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER: anim inan
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP/POST
NUMBER: 4705
LANGUAGE: Eastern Abenaki
DIALECT: Penobscot
LOCATION: Maine
POPULATION: 70
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
DICTIONARY: Day, Gordon M. 1964. "A St. Francis Abenaki Vocabulary," IJAL 30, 371-92.
OTHERSOURC: Speck, Frank G. 1918. "Penobscot Transformer Tales," IJAL 1, 187-244.
CONSONANTS:

    p̄ t̄ k̄
   b d ɡ
    s̄ h
    z
m n
    l

STOPS: p̄ b t̄ d k̄ ɡ
FRICATIVES: s̄ z h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
GLIDES: w
VOWELS:

    i
    ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: o
NASALVOWEL: ɔ̃
SYLLABLE: Nˈ
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER: anim inan
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 *5
3 6
*two forms: (1) for definite (known) number of people; (2) for indef (unknown) number of people

SYNTAX: SVO AN/NA NG DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP/POST
NUMBER: 4706
LANGUAGE: Western Abenaki
LOCATION: New Hampshire
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4707
LANGUAGE: Loup A
LOCATION: C Massachusetts
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4708
LANGUAGE: Loup B
LOCATION: C Massachusetts
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4709
LANGUAGE: Massachusett
LOCATION: E Massachusetts
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
OTHERSOURC: Silver, Shirley. 1960. "Natick Consonants in Reference to Proto-Central Algonquian: I," IJAL 26, 112-9.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ
    č
    s š h
m n

STOPS: p t k kʷ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s š h
NASALS: m n
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

    i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ ? ṽ
NUMBER: 4710
LANGUAGE: Narragansett
LOCATION: E Massachusetts
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4711
LANGUAGE: Mohegan
LOCATION: E Connecticut
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4712
LANGUAGE: Quiripi
LOCATION: SC Connecticut
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4713
LANGUAGE: Unquachog
LOCATION: SC Connecticut
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4714
LANGUAGE: Mahican
LOCATION: SE New York
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4715
LANGUAGE: Munsee
LOCATION: Canada (S Ontario)
POPULATION: 100
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
GRAMMAR: Voegelin, C. F. 1946. "Delaware, an Eastern Algonquian Language," in Linguistic Structures of Native America, Cornelius Osgood, ed., Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, No 6, 130-157.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
    č
    s š x h
m n
    l

STOPS: p t k
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s š x h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ all but s š x j
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

    i u
e ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ū ō
NASALVOWEL: (ǝ̃̄)
NUMBER: 4716
LANGUAGE: Unami
LOCATION: Delaware
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4717
LANGUAGE: Nanticoke
LOCATION: E Maryland
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4718
LANGUAGE: Powhatan
LOCATION: E Virginia
POPULATION: extinct (c. 1800)
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
OTHERSOURC: Wolfart, H. Christoph. 1977. "Another Algonquian Contribution to Historical Linguistics: Siebert's Powhatan," IJAL 43,162-5.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
    ts
    s h
m n
    r

STOPS: p t k
AFFRICATES: ts
FRICATIVES: s h
NASALS: m n
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

    i
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NUMBER: 4719
LANGUAGE: Carolina
LOCATION: E North Carolina
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Algic: Algonquian: Algonquian Proper: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 4720
LANGUAGE: Proto-Mosan
LOCATION: SW Canada
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan
OTHERSOURC: Swadesh, Morris. 1953. "Mosan I: A Problem of Remote Common Origin," IJAL 19, 26-44.
CONSONANTS:

   p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ kʷ kʔʷ q qʔ qʷ qʔʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ G Gʷ
    ts tsʔ tl tlʔ č čʔ
    dz dl ɡ̌
    s š x xʷ χ χʷ h
v ʔv z ʔz ʁ ʁʷ ʔʁ ʔʁʷ
m ʔm n ʔn
    l ʔl ɬ

STOPS: p pʔ b t tʔ d k kʔ ɡ kʷ kʔʷ ɡʷ q qʔ G qʷ qʔʷ Gʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts tsʔ dz tl tlʔ dl č čʔ ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: v ʔv s z ʔz š x xʷ χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ ʔʁ ʔʁʷ h
NASALS: m ʔm n ʔn
LATERALS: l ʔl ɬ
GLIDES: j ʔj w ʔw
VOWELS:

   i u
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,
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