Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 4741

LANGUAGE: Northern Straits

DIALECT: Lummi

LOCATION: NW Washington

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Coast: Central

OTHERSOURC: Thompson, Laurence C., M. Terry Thompson and Barbara S. Efrat. 1974. "Some Phonological Developments in Straits Salish," IJAL 40, 182-96.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ (k) kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    (t^s) t^sʔ t^lʔ č č̌^ʔ
    s š xʷ χ χʷ h
m n ŋ
    l ɬ

STOPS: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ (k) kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: (t^s) t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s š xʷ χ χʷ h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l ɬ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i
e ǝ o

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ

BACKVOWELS: o

NUMBER: 4742

LANGUAGE: Lushootseed

ALTERNATEN: Puget Sound Salish

DIALECT: Northern

LOCATION: NW Washington

POPULATION: 15

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Coast: Central

DICTIONARY: Hess, Thom. 1976. Dictionary of Puget Salish. Seattle: Univ of Washington.

OTHERSOURC:

Hess, Thomas M. 1966. "Snohomish Chameleon Morphology," IJAL 32, 350-6.
Hess, Thom. 1973. "Agent in a Coast Salish Language," IJAL 39, 89-94.
Hukari, Thomas E. 1976. "Person in a Coast Salish Language," IJAL 42, 305-18.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ
    d^z ɡ̌
̌ s š x χʷ h
(m) (n)
    l ɬ
m and n are limited to prayer, talkinɡ to children and quotinɡ speech of animals and supernatural beinɡs.

STOPS: p p^ʔ b t t^ʔ d k k^ʔ ɡ kʷ k^ʔʷ ɡʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ d^z t^l^ʔ č č^ʔɡ̌

FRICATIVES: ̌s š x χʷ h

NASALS: (m) (n) (m and n are limited to prayer, talkinɡ to children and quotinɡ speech of animals and supernatural beinɡs.)

LATERALS: l ɬ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

   i u
    ǝ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3

SYNTAX: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 4743

LANGUAGE: Lushootseed

ALTERNATEN: Puget Sound Salish

DIALECT: Southern

LOCATION: NW Washington

POPULATION: 15

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Coast: Central

OTHERSOURC:

Ransom, Jay Ellis. 1945. "Notes on Duwamish Phonology and Morphology," IJAL 11, 204-10.
Reichard, Gladys A. 1958-60. "A Comparison of Five Salish Languages: I-VI," IJAL 24, 293-300; 25, 8-15, 90-6, 154-67, 239-53; 26, 50-61.
Snyder, Warren A. 1968. Southern Puget Sound Salish. Sacramento Anthropological Society. Paper 8.
SPG

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
b d (ɡ) ɡʷ
    t^s t^sʔ t^l t^lʔ č č^ʔ d^z ɡ̌
̌ s š x xʷ χ χʷ h
(m) (n)
    l ɬ

STOPS: p p^ʔ b t t^ʔ d k k^ʔ (ɡ) kʷ k^ʔʷ ɡʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ d^z t^l t^l^ʔ č č^ʔɡ̌

FRICATIVES: ̌s š x xʷ χ χʷ h

NASALS: (m) (n)

LATERALS: l ɬ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

   i u
    ǝ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: fem non-fem

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2)/N-POSS(3-6)

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 4744

LANGUAGE: Twana

LOCATION: NW Washington

POPULATION: 10

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Coast: Central

OTHERSOURC: Drachman, Gaberell. 1969. Twana Phonology. Working Papers in Linguistics, Nol 5. Columbus: Ohio State Univ.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
b d (ɡ) (ɡʷ)
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ
    (d^z) (ɡ̌)
    s š (x) xʷ χ χʷ h
(m) (n)
    l ^ʔl ɬ

STOPS: p p^ʔ b t t^ʔ d k k^ʔ (ɡ) kʷ k^ʔʷ (ɡʷ) q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ (d^z) t^l^ʔ č č^ʔ (ɡ̌)

FRICATIVES: s š (x) xʷ χ χʷ h

NASALS: (m) (n)

LATERALS: l ^ʔl ɬ

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

e o
ɛ ǝ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: o ɔ

STRESS: phonemic

NUMBER: 4745

LANGUAGE: Tillamook

LOCATION: NW Oregon

POPULATION: 10

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Coast: Tillamook

DICTIONARY:

Frachtenberg, Leo J. 1917. "A Siletz Vocabulary," IJAL 1, 45-6.

GRAMMAR:

Edel, May M. 1939a. The Tillamook Language. New York: J. J. Augustin.
Edel, May M. 1939b. "The Tillamook Language," IJAL 10, 1-57.

OTHERSOURC:

Reichard, Gladys A. 1958-60. "A Comparison of Five Salish Languages: I-VI," IJAL 24, 293-300; 25, 8-15, 90-6, 154-67, 239-53; 26, 50-61.
Thompson, Laurence C.and M. Terry Thompson. 1966. "A Fresh Look at Tillamook Phonology," IJAL 32, 313-9.
SPG

CONSONANTS:

   (p) t t^h ť^ʔ k k^h ǩ^ʔ kʷ k^hʷ ǩ^ʔʷ q q^h q̌^ʔ qʷ q^hʷ q̌^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^lt^lʔ č^h č^ʔ
    s š x xʷ χ χʷ h
(m) n
    l ɬ

STOPS: (p) t t^h ť^ʔ k k^h ǩ^ʔ kʷ k^hʷ ǩ^ʔʷ q q^h q̌^ʔ qʷ q^hʷ q̌^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h t^sʔ t^lt^l^ʔ č^h č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s š x xʷ χ χʷ h

NASALS: (m) n

LATERALS: l ɬ

MODIFIEDCO:

c̄
c^h analyzed as clusters by some scholars.

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i
ǝ
æ ɑ

FRONTVOWEL: i æ

CENTRALVOW: ǝ

BACKVOWELS: ɑ

NOUNNUMBER:

s p

GENDER:

fem non-fem

DEMONSTRAT: 4: present/absent visible/distant/absent invisible

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO AN/NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2)/N-POSS(3-6)

NOUNINCORP: noun incorp

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 4746

LANGUAGE: Upper Chehalis

LOCATION: Washington

POPULATION: 10

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Tsamosan

GRAMMAR:

Kinkade, M. Dale. 1963-64. "Phonology and Morphology of Upper Chehalis: I-IV," IJAL 29,181-95, 345-56; 30, 32-61, 251-60.

OTHERSOURC:

Boas, Franz. 1935. "A Chehalis Text," IJAL 8,103-10.
Kinkade, M. Dale. 1966. "Vowel Alternation in Upper Chehalis," IJAL 32, 343-9.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ
    s š xʷ χ χʷ h
m n
    l ɬ

STOPS: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s š xʷ χ χʷ h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l ɬ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

e ǝ o
æ a

FRONTVOWEL: e æ

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: o

LONGVOWELS: ǣ ā ɔ̄

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

GENDER: fem non-fem

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2)/N-POSS(3-6)

NOUNINCORP: noun incorp

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 4747

LANGUAGE: Cowlitz

LOCATION: Washington

POPULATION: 2

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Tsamosan

OTHERSOURC: Kinkade, M. Dale. 1973. "The Alveopalatal Shift in Cowlitz Salish," IJAL 39, 224-31.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ č č^ʔ
    s š x xʷ χ χʷ h
m m^ʔ n n^ʔ
    l l^ʔ

STOPS: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ t^l^ʔ č č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s š x xʷ χ χʷ h

NASALS: m m^ʔ n n^ʔ

LATERALS: l l^ʔ

GLIDES: j j^ʔ w w^ʔ

VOWELS:

   i u
    ǝ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: ǣ ā ɔ̄

STRESS: phonemic

NUMBER: 4748

LANGUAGE: Quinault

LOCATION: Washington

POPULATION: 10

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Tsamosan

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 4749

LANGUAGE: Lower Chehalis

LOCATION: Washington

POPULATION: 10

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Tsamosan

CONSONANTS:

NUMBER: 4750

LANGUAGE: Lillooet

LOCATION: W Canada (British Columbia)

POPULATION: 1,500

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Interior: Northern

OTHERSOURC:

Kinkade, M. Dale and Clarence Sloat. 1972. "Proto-Eastern Interior Salish Vowels," IJAL 38, 26-48.
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ
    s x xʷ χ χʷ h
    z z^ʔ ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl ɬ

STOPS: p p^ʔ t k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ t^l^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s z z^ʔ x xʷ χ χʷ ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ h

NASALS: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

LATERALS: l ^ʔl ɬ

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

SYNTAX: VSO

NUMBER: 4751

LANGUAGE: Thompson

LOCATION: SW Canada (S British Columbia)

POPULATION: 1,500

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Interior: Northern

OTHERSOURC: Kinkade, M. Dale and Clarence Sloat. 1972. "Proto-Eastern Interior Salish Vowels," IJAL 38, 26-48.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔ
    s x xʷ χ χʷ h
    z z^ʔ ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl ɬ

STOPS: p p^ʔ t k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ t^l^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s z z^ʔ x xʷ χ χʷ ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ h

NASALS: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

LATERALS: l ^ʔl ɬ

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

NUMBER: 4752

LANGUAGE: Shuswap

LOCATION: SW Canada (S British Columbia)

POPULATION: 1,500

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Interior: Northern

GRAMMAR: GD: Kuipers, Aert H. 1974. The Shuswap Language. The Hague: Mouton.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t̪ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t̪^lʔč č^ʔ
    š x xʷ χ χʷ h
    ɣ ^ʔɣ ʕ (ʕ^ʔ) ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ
m ^ʔm n̪ ^ʔn̪
    l̪ ^ʔl̪ ɬ̪

STOPS: p p^ʔ t̪ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t̪^l^ʔč č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: š x ɣ ^ʔɣ xʷ χ χʷ ʕ (ʕ^ʔ) ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ h

NASALS: m ^ʔm n̪ ^ʔn̪

LATERALS: l̪ ^ʔl̪ ɬ̪

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

i u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

STRESS: phonemic

DEMONSTRAT: 3 + that invisible

ARTICLES: def indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
3

SYNTAX: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2)N-POSS(3-5)

PREPPOST: PREP

COMMENTS: Young people no longer speak Shuswap, only English.

NUMBER: 4753

LANGUAGE: Columbian

LOCATION: Washington

POPULATION: 85

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Interior: Southern

OTHERSOURC:

Kinkade, M. Dale. 1967.. "Uvular-Pharyngeal Resonants in Interior Salish," IJAL 33, 228-34.
Kinkade, M. Dale and Clarence Sloat. 1972. "Proto-Eastern Interior Salish Vowels," IJAL 38, 26-48.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^{s ʔ} t^lʔs x xʷ χ χʷ ħ (ħʷ) h
ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl ɬ
    r ^ʔr

STOPS: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ t^l^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s x xʷ χ χʷ ħ (ħʷ) ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ h

NASALS: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

LATERALS: l ^ʔl ɬ

VIBRANTS: r ^ʔr

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

   i u
    ǝ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u

NUMBER: 4754

LANGUAGE: Okanagan

LOCATION: SW Canada (S British Columbia)

POPULATION: 1,500

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Interior: Southern

OTHERSOURC: Kinkade, M. Dale and Clarence Sloat. 1972. "Proto-Eastern Interior Salish Vowels," IJAL 38, 26-48.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^lʔč č^ʔ
    š x xʷ χ χʷ h
    ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl ɬ
    r ^ʔr

STOPS: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ k k^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^l^ʔč č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: š x xʷ χ χʷ ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ h

NASALS: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

LATERALS: l ^ʔl ɬ

VIBRANTS: r ^ʔr

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

NOUNNUMBER: s p

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

NUMBER: 4755

LANGUAGE: Kalispel

DIALECT: Spokane

LOCATION: E Washington

POPULATION: 900

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Interior: Southern

GRAMMAR: Carlson, Barry F. 1972. " A Grammar of Spokane," Univ of Hawaii Working Papers in Linguistics 4.

OTHERSOURC: Carlson, Barry F. 1976. "The N Shift in Spokane Salish," IJAL 42, 133-9.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔč č^ʔ
    s š xʷ χ χʷ h
    ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl ɬ
    r ^ʔr

STOPS: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ t^l^ʔč č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s š xʷ χ χʷ ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ h

NASALS: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

LATERALS: l ^ʔl ɬ

VIBRANTS: r ^ʔr

GLIDES: j w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

i u
e (ǝ) o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: (ǝ) a

BACKVOWELS: u o

SYNTAX: VSO

NUMBER: 4756

LANGUAGE: Kalispel

LOCATION: W Montana

POPULATION: 900

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Interior: Southern

DICTIONARY: Giorda, Joseph. 1879. A Dictionary of the Kalispel or Flathead Indian Language, 2 vols. Montana: St. Ignatius Mission.

GRAMMAR: Vogt, Hans. 1940. The Kalispel Language. Oslo: Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi.

OTHERSOURC: Kinkade, M. Dale and Clarence Sloat. 1972. "Proto-Eastern Interior Salish Vowels," IJAL 38, 26-48.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
    t^s t^sʔ t^lʔč č^ʔ
    s š xʷ χ χʷ h
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl ɬ

STOPS: p p^ʔ t t^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ t^l^ʔč č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s š xʷ χ χʷ h

NASALS: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

LATERALS: l ^ʔl ɬ

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

i u
e ǝ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all but ǝ

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2)/N-POSS(3-6) D+NUM+N

NOUNINCORP: noun incorp

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 4757

LANGUAGE: Coeur d'Alene

LOCATION: N Idaho

POPULATION: 50

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Almosan: Mosan: Salish: Interior: Southern

OTHERSOURC:

Reichard, Gladys A. 1958-60. " A Comparison of Five Salish Languages: I-VI, " IJAL 24, 293-300; 25, 8-15, 90-6,154-67, 239-53; 26, 50-61.
Kinkade, M. Dale and Clarence Sloat. 1972. "Proto-Eastern Interior Salish Vowels," IJAL 38, 26-48.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^ʔ t t^ʔ kʷ k^ʔʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ
(b) d ɡʷ
    t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ
    ɡ̌
    s š xʷ χ χʷ h
    ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    l ^ʔl ɬ
    r ^ʔr

STOPS: p p^ʔ (b) t t^ʔ d kʷ k^ʔʷ ɡʷ q q^ʔ qʷ q^ʔʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^sʔ č č^ʔ ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: s š xʷ χ χʷ ʕ ʕ^ʔ ʕʷ ʕ^ʔʷ h

NASALS: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

LATERALS: l ^ʔl ɬ

VIBRANTS: r ^ʔr

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

i u
ɛ ǝ (ɔ)
a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: (ǝ) a

BACKVOWELS: u (ɔ)

DEMONSTRAT: 4 (+ remote general)

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: POSS-N(1,2)/N-POSS(3-6)

NOUNINCORP: noun incorp

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 4758

LANGUAGE: Eastern Keres

DIALECT: Santa Ana

LOCATION: NC New Mexico

POPULATION: 4,600 (230)

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Keresiouan: Keresan

GRAMMAR: GD: Davis, Irvine. 1964. "The Language of Santa Ana Pueblo," BAEB 191, 53-190.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ ṭ^s ṭ^sh ṭ^sʔ č č^h č^ʔ
    s s^ʔ ṣ ṣ^ʔ š š^ʔh
m ^ʔm n ^ʔn
    ɾ ^ʔɾ

STOPS: p p^h p^ʔ t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^s^h t^sʔ ṭ^s ṭ^s^h ṭ^sʔ č č^h č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s s^ʔ ṣ ṣ^ʔ š š^ʔh

NASALS: m ^ʔm n ^ʔn

VIBRANTS: ɾ ^ʔɾ

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
e
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: v̥ all

SYLLABLE: (s)(C)V(ʔ)

DEMONSTRAT: 3

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

SYNTAX: SOV/SVO AN GN DN N-NUM POSS-N

NOUNINCORP: pronoun incorp

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 4759

LANGUAGE: Western Keres

DIALECT: Acoma

LOCATION: New Mexico

POPULATION: 3,400 (1,700)

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Keresiouan: Keresan

GRAMMAR: Miller, Wick R. 1965. Acoma Grammar and Texts. UCPL 40.

OTHERSOURC:

Boas, Franz. 1923. "A Keresan Text," IJAL 2, 171-80.
Spencer, Robert F. 1946. "The Phonemes of Keresan," IJAL 12, 229-36.

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h p^ʔ t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ c c^h c^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ
    t̪^s t̪^sh t̪^sʔ ṭ^s ṭ^sh ṭ^sʔ č č^h č^ʔ
    s̪ s̪^ʔ ṣ ṣ^ʔ š š^ʔh
m ^ʔm n̪ ^ʔn̪
    ɾ ^ʔɾ

STOPS: p p^h p^ʔ t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ c c^h c^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t̪^s t̪^s^h t̪^sʔ ṭ^s ṭ^s^h ṭ^sʔ č č^h č^ʔ

FRICATIVES: s̪ s̪^ʔ ṣ ṣ^ʔ š š^ʔh

NASALS: m ^ʔm n̪ ^ʔn̪

VIBRANTS: ɾ ^ʔɾ

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
e
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)CV

TONES:

hi fall glott

NOUNNUMBER: s p (pl optional)

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: that-far is often used as a definite article

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

SYNTAX: SVO/SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 4760

LANGUAGE: Yuchi

LOCATION: Georgia

POPULATION: 35

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Keresiouan: Siouan-Yuchi: Yuchi

OTHERSOURC:

Wolff, Hans. 1948. "Yuchi Phonemes and Morphemes with Special Reference to Person Markers," IJAL 14, 240-3.
Crawford, James M. 1973. "Yuchi Phonology, " IJAL 39, 173-9.
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p p^h p^ʔ t̪ t̪^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t̪^s t̪^sh t̪^sʔč č^ʔ č^h
    d̪^z ɡ̌
ɸ ɸ^ʔ s̪ s̪^ʔ š š^ʔ
    n̪ ^ʔn̪
    l̪ ^ʔl̪ ɬ̪ ɬ̪^ʔ

STOPS: p p^h p^ʔ b t̪ t̪^h t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t̪^s t̪^sh t̪^sʔd̪^zč č^ʔ č^h ɡ̌

FRICATIVES: ɸ ɸ^ʔ s̪ s̪^ʔ š š^ʔ

NASALS: n̪ ^ʔn̪

LATERALS: l̪ ^ʔl̪ ɬ̪ ɬ̪^ʔ

GLIDES: j ^ʔj w ^ʔw

VOWELS:

i u
e o
æ a (ɒ)

FRONTVOWEL: i e æ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o (ɒ)

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ǣ ā ū ō ɒ̄

NASALVOWEL: (Ĩ) ɛ̃ (æ̃) (ʋ̃) ɔ̃ (ɒ̃)

SYLLABLE: (C)CV

DEMONSTRAT: 2

SYNTAX: SOV

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

COMMENTS: All speakers are old.