Типологическая база данных : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 4981

LANGUAGE: Cahita

LOCATION: Mexico

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Taracahitic

OTHERSOURC: CTIL 11, 468.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
bʷ
    č
β s h
m n
    l
    r

STOPS: p bʷ t k ʔ

AFFRICATES: č

FRICATIVES: β s h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

TONES: hi lo

NUMBER: 4982

LANGUAGE: Cora

LOCATION: W Mexico (Nayarit)

POPULATION: 10,000

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Corachol

DICTIONARY: McMahon, Ambrose and Maria Aiton de McMahon. 1959. Cora y español. Mexico City: SIL.

OTHERSOURC:

McMahon, Ambrose. 1967. "Phonemes and Phonemic Units of Cora," IJAL 33, 128-34.
Casad, Eugene H. 1977 . "Location and Direction in Cora Discourse," AL 19, 216-41.
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p pʷ t k kʷ ʔ
    t^sč
    s h
β
m mʷ n
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p pʷ t k kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^sč

FRICATIVES: β s h

NASALS: m mʷ n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
e
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

TONES: hi lo

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO/VOS NG NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,4,5,6) N-POSS(3) [According to E the Tepeuxila dialect is VSO and the El Nayar dialect is VSO/VOS.]

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 4983

LANGUAGE: Huichol

LOCATION: WC Mexico (Jalisco)

POPULATION: 7,000

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Corachol

OTHERSOURC:

McIntosh, John B. 1945. "Huichol Phonemes," IJAL II, 31-5.
Grimes, Joseph E. 1955."Style in Huichol Structure," Lg 31, 31-5.
Grimes, Joseph E. 1959. "Huichol Tone and Intonation," IJAL 25, 221-32.
Grimes, Joseph E. 1964. Huichol Syntax. The Hague: Mouton.
Price, P. David. 1967. "Two Types of Taxonomy: A Huichol Ethnobotanical Example," AL 9:7, 1-28.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^s
    h
    ẓ
m n
    ɾ̣

STOPS: p t k kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s

FRICATIVES: ẓ h

NASALS: m n

VIBRANTS: ɾ̣

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
ɛ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɨ a

BACKVOWELS: u

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C), but no CCVC

TONES: hi lo

STRESS: phonemic

NOUNNUMBER: s p

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

SYNTAX: SOV AN/NA GN DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,4,5,6)/N-POSS(3)

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 4984

LANGUAGE: Pochutla

LOCATION: S Mexico (Oaxaca)

POPULATION: extinct

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC: Boas, Franz. 1917. "El dialecto mexicano de Pochutla, Oaxaca," IJAL 1, 9-44.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k
    t̪^s č
    s̪ š x
m n̪ ñ
    l

STOPS: p t̪ k

AFFRICATES: t̪^s č

FRICATIVES: s̪ š x

NASALS: m n̪ ñ

LATERALS: l

VOWELS:

i u
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

STRESS: final

NOUNNUMBER: s p

ARTICLES: art

SYNTAX: SVO DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

NUMBER: 4985

LANGUAGE: Pipil

LOCATION: El Salvador

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

GRAMMAR: Geoffroy Rivas, Pedro. 1969. El nawat de Cuscatlán. San Salvador: Ministerio de Educacion.

OTHERSOURC: Arauz, Prospero. 1960. El pipil de la region de los Itzalcos. San Salvador: Ministerio de Cultura.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ (t̪^ʔ) k kʷ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    ɬ

STOPS: p t̪ (t̪^ʔ) k kʷ

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: s š h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: ɬ

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i ʋ
e
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: ʋ

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p (anim only)

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: def indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN/(NA) NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

NUMBER: 4986

LANGUAGE: Classical Nahuatl

LOCATION: S Mexico

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

DICTIONARY: Molina, Alonso de. 1571. Vocabulario en langua castellana y mexicana. Mexico City.

GRAMMAR:

Rose, Jean, 1971. Précis de grammaire de nahuatl classique. Mexico City: Institut Français d'Amérique Latine.
Anderson, Arthur J. O. 1973. Rules of the Aztec Language: Classical Nahuatl Grammar, 2 vols. Salt Lake City: Univ of Utah Press.
Sullivan, Thelma D. 1976. Compendio de la gramática nahuatl. Mexico City: Univ Nacional Autónoma de México.

TEXTBOOKS: Andrews, J. Richard D. 1975. Introduction to classical Nahuatl, 2 vols. Austin: Univ of Texas Press.

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k kʷ ʔ
    t^s t^lč
    s š
m n̪
    l

STOPS: p t̪ k kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^lč

FRICATIVES: s š

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l

MODIFIEDCO: c̄ p s š l (only at morphological boundaries)

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

DIPHTHONGS: ai au ei

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p (anim only)

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: art

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6
+ indef

SYNTAX: SVO AN (GN)/NG DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N

NOUNINCORP: noun incorp

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 4987

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: Matlapa

LOCATION: C Mexico

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC: Croft, Kenneth. 1951. "Practical Orthography for Matlapa Nahuatl," IJAL 17, 32-6.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ
    t^s t^lč
    s š h
m n
    l

STOPS: p t k kʷ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^lč

FRICATIVES: s š h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i
ɛ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

NASALVOWEL:

ṽ all
v̄̃ all

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: penult

NUMBER: 4988

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: Orizaba

LOCATION: S Mexico (Veracruz)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC: Goller, Theodore R., Patricia L. Goller and Viola G. Waterhouse. 1974. "The Phonemes of Orizaba Nahuatl," IJAL 40, 126-31.

CONSONANTS:

   p^h t^h k^h k^hʷ (ʔ)
(b) ɡ
    t^s t^lč
(f) s š h
m n
    l̥
    (ɾ)

STOPS: p^h (b) t^h k^h ɡ k^hʷ (ʔ)

AFFRICATES: t^s t^lč

FRICATIVES: (f) s š h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l̥

VIBRANTS: (ɾ)

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i (u)
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: (u) o

LONGVOWELS: ī (ē) ā ō

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: phonemic

NUMBER: 4989

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: Tetelcingo

LOCATION: Mexico (Morelos)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

DICTIONARY: Brewer, Forrest and John G. Brewer. 1962. Vocabulario mexicano de Tetelcingo. Mexico City: SIL.

GRAMMAR: Pittman, Richard S. 1954. A Grammar of Tetelcingo (Morelos) Nahuatl. Language Dissertation No. 50, Supplement to Lg 30.

OTHERSOURC:

Pittman, Richard S. 1961. "The Phonemes of Tetelcingo (Morelos) Nahuatl," in A Willaim Townsend, Mexico City, SIL, 643-51. WALS
E

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    t^s t^lč
(f) s š h
m n (ñ)
    l
    (r)

STOPS: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ) kʷ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^lč

FRICATIVES: (f) s š h

NASALS: m n (ñ)

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: (r)

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

   i u
I
    o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i I ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

DIPHTHONGS: ie

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

ARTICLES: indef

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6
(+ honorific for 2 3 4 5)

SYNTAX: SVO/VSO/VOS(order of frequency) AN/NA DN POSS-N

NOUNINCORP: noun incorp

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 4990

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: Huasteca

LOCATION: Mexico (Hidalgo)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC:

Beller, Dick and Pat Beller. 1979. "Rank of Participants in Huasteca Nahuatl," in DSML, 247-68.
E

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    (ɡ)
    t^s t^lč
    s š h
m n
    l

STOPS: p t k (ɡ) kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^lč

FRICATIVES: s š h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

NOUNNUMBER: s p

ARTICLES: indef

SYNTAX: SVO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N

NOUNINCORP: noun incorp

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 4991

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: Huauhtla

LOCATION: Mexico

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC: Merlan, Francesca. 1976. "Noun Incorporation and Discourse Reference in Modern Nahuatl," IJAL 42, 177-91.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
    t^s t^l č
    s š
m n
    l

STOPS: p t k kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^l č

FRICATIVES: s š

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

DEMONSTRAT: 3

SYNTAX: SVO DN POSS-N

NOUNINCORP: noun incorp

PREPPOST: POST

NUMBER: 4992

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: North Puebla

LOCATION: Mexico (N Puebla)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC:

Brockway, Earl. 1963. "The Phonemes of North Puebla Nahuatl," AL 5:2, 14-8.
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k kʷ ʔ
    t^s t^lč
    s š
m n̪
    l

STOPS: p t̪ k kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s t^lč

FRICATIVES: s š

NASALS: m n̪

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w w̥

VOWELS:

i
ɛ o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

LONGVOWELS: ī ē ā ō

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

SYNTAX: SVO POSS-N

NUMBER: 4993

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: Sierra Nahuat

LOCATION: S Mexico (N Puebla)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC:

Key, Harold and Mary Key. 1953. "The Phonemes of Sierra Nahuat," IJAL 19, 53-6.
Robinson, Dow Frederick. 1966. Sierra Nahuat Word Structure. HSL 18.
Robinson, Dow F. 1969. "Puebla (Sierra) Nahuat Prosodies," in ASI, 15-32.
E

CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k kʷ
(b) (d̪) ɡ
    t^s č
(f) s š h
m n̪ (ñ)
    l̪
    (ɾ)(r)

STOPS: p (b) t̪ (d̪) k ɡ kʷ

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: (f) s š h

NASALS: m n̪ (ñ)

LATERALS: l̪

VIBRANTS: (ɾ)(r)

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)

STRESS: penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

ARTICLES: def

PRONOUNS:

1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: VSO AN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

NUMBER: 4994

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: Isthmus Nahuat

LOCATION: S Mexico (S Veracruz)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC:

Law, Howard W. 1958. "Morphological Structure of Isthmus Nahuat," IJAL 24, 108-29.
Law, Howard W. 1966. Obligatory Constructions of Isthmus Nahuat Grammar. The Hague: Mouton.
Wolgemuth, Carl. 1969. "Isthmus Veracruz (Mecayapan) Nahuat Laryngeals," in ASI, 1-14.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
    l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: s š h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: o

LONGVOWELS: v̄ all

STRESS: phonemic, but usually penult

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 2

PRONOUNS:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN/NA GN/NG DN NUM-N POSS-N

PREPPOST: PREP/POST

NUMBER: 4995

LANGUAGE: Nahuatl

ALTERNATEN: Aztec

DIALECT: Michoacan Nahual

LOCATION: S Mexico (Michoacan)

POPULATION: 1 million

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Uto-Aztecan: Aztecan

OTHERSOURC:

Robinson, Dow, F. and WilliaM R. Sischo. 1969. "Michoacán (Pómaro) Nahual Clause Structure," in ASI, 53-74.
E

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    s š h
m n
l
r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: s š h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e o
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

ARTICLES: def indef

SYNTAX: SVO/VSO NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+Num+N+A

PREPPOST: PREP

NUMBER: 4996

LANGUAGE: Proto-Oto-Manguean

LOCATION: S Mexico

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean

OTHERSOURC:

Rensch, Calvin R. 1976. Comparative Otomanguean Phonology. Bloomington: Indiana University.
CTIL 4, 335.

CONSONANTS:

    t ⁿt k ^ŋk kʷ ^ŋkʷ ʔ
    s ⁿs h
m n nʷ
    l

STOPS: t ⁿt k ^ŋk kʷ ^ŋkʷ ʔ

FRICATIVES: s ⁿs h

NASALS: m n nʷ

LATERALS: l

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

TONES: hi mid low

STRESS: final syllable of stem

NUMBER: 4997

LANGUAGE: Amuzgo

LOCATION: S Mexico (SE Guerrero)

POPULATION: 15,000

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Amuzgo

OTHERSOURC:

Hart, Helen Long. 1957. "Hierarchical Structuring of Amuzgo Grammar," IJAL 23, 141-64.
Bauernschmidt, Amy. 1965. "Amuzgo Syllable Dynamics," Lg 41, 471-83.
Longacre, Robert E. 1966. "On Linguistic Affinities of Amuzgo," IJAL 32, 46-9.
Rensch, Calvin R. 1977. "Classification of the Oto-Manguean Languages and the Position of Tlapanec," in Two Studies in Middle American Comparative Linguistics," by David Oltrogge and Calvin R. Rensch, SIL 55, 53-108.

CONSONANTS:

   (p) t c k k^j kʷ ʔ
    t^sč
    s š h
(β)
m (m^p) n n^t ñ̃ ñ^c ŋ^k
l
ɾ (r)
Nc are "occluded nasals rather than prenasalized stops." Longacre, p. 46.

STOPS: (p) t c k k^j kʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^sč

FRICATIVES: (β) s š h

NASALS: m (m^p) n n^t ñ ñ^c ŋ^k(Nc are "occluded nasals rather than prenasalized stops." Longacre, p. 46.)

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: ɾ (r)

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i u
e o
æ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e æ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

NASALVOWEL: ẽ æ̃ ã õ ɔ̃

SYLLABLE: Nˈ Lˈ

TONES: hi mid low hi-fall lo-ris mid-ris

NOUNNUMBER: s p

DEMONSTRAT: 3

SYNTAX: VSO NA ND NUM-N N-POSS N+A+D

NUMBER: 4998

LANGUAGE: Chichimeca

LOCATION: C Mexico (Guanajuato)

POPULATION: 800

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Northern

GRAMMAR: Angulo, Jaime de. 1932. "The Chichimeco Language (Central Mexico)," IJAL ??, 152-94.

OTHERSOURC: Romero Castillo, Moisés. 1960. "Los fonemas del chichimeco-jonaz," Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropologı́a e Historia 11, 289-99.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    s h
    z
m n
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: s z h

NASALS: m n

LATERALS: l

VIBRANTS: r

VOWELS:

i y u
e o
æ a

FRONTVOWEL: i y e æ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: u o

NASALVOWEL: ṽ

TONES: hi lo

NOUNNUMBER: s d p

PRONOUNS:

1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

NUMBER: 4999

LANGUAGE: Pame

ALTERNATEN: Alaquines

LOCATION: EC Mexico (SE San Luis Potosн)

POPULATION: 2,500

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Northern

OTHERSOURC:

Gibson, Lorna F. 1956. "Pame (Otomi) Phonemics and Morphophonemics," IJAL 22, 242-65.
Olson, Donald. 1963. "Spanish Loan Words in Pame," IJAL 29, 219-21.
WALS
WPF

CONSONANTS:

   p t k q ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s č
(f) s š h
m n ŋ
    l ʎ
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ q ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: (f) s š h

NASALS: m n ŋ

LATERALS: l ʎ

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i ʋ
e
ɛ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: a

BACKVOWELS: ʋ

NASALVOWEL: ṽ all

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C)(C)

TONES: hi lo fall

PRONOUNS:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6

SYNTAX: SVO

NUMBER: 5000

LANGUAGE: Mazahua

LOCATION: SW Mexico (Michoacan)

POPULATION: 100,000

CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Central: Oto-Manguean: Otomian: Central

OTHERSOURC:

Pike, Eunice V. 1951. "Tonemic-Intonemic Correlation in Mazahua," IJAL 17, 37-41.
Spotts, Hazel. 1956. "Some Post-Conquest Changes in Mazahua," IJAL 22, 208-11.
Spotts, Hazel. 1953. "Vowel Harmony and Consonant Sequences in Mazahua," IJAL 19, 253-9.
Bartholomew, Doris. 1975. "Some Morphophonemic Rules in Mazahua," IJAL 41, 293-305.
E

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s č
    s š h
    z ž
m n ñ
    (l)
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ

AFFRICATES: t^s č

FRICATIVES: s z š ž h

NASALS: m n ñ

LATERALS: (l)

VIBRANTS: r

GLIDES: j w

VOWELS:

i ɨ u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ

CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a

BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ

NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ẽ ǝ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃

MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony

TONES: hi lo fall

STRESS: stem initial

SYNTAX: VSO