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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 501
LANGUAGE: Ogbronuagum
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Delta Cross: Central Delta
OTHERSOURC: WALS
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 502
LANGUAGE: Obulom
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Delta Cross: Central Delta
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 503
LANGUAGE: Kana
LOCATION: S Nigeria (Rivers)
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Delta Cross: Ogoni
OTHERSOURC:

   Wolf, Hans. 1964. "Synopsis of the Ogoni Languages," JAL 3, 38-51.
STAL

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
    ɡ̌
    s h
    z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES: ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: s z h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: cʷ h
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all but e o
TONES: hi mid low ris fall
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NG ND NUM-N POSS-N
NUMBER: 504
LANGUAGE: Gokana
LOCATION: S Nigeria (Rivers)
POPULATION: 130,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Delta Cross: Ogoni
OTHERSOURC:

   Brosnahan, L. F. 1964. "Outlines of the Phonology of the Gokana Dialect of Ogoni," JWAL 1:1, 43-8.
Brosnahan, L. F. 1967. "A Word List of the Gokana Dialect of Ogoni," JWAL 4:2, 43-52.
STAL

CONSONANTS:

   p t c k kp ʔ
b d ɟ ɡ ɡb
f s
v z ž
m n
    l
    (r)

STOPS: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
FRICATIVES: f v s z ž
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: (r)
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NASALVOWEL:

   ṽ all but e o
v̄̃ all but e o

SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ
TONES: hi mid lo
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NG ND NUM-N POSS-N
NUMBER: 505
LANGUAGE: Eleme
LOCATION: S Nigeria (Rivers)
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Delta Cross: Ogoni
OTHERSOURC: STAL
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp ʔ
b d ɡ ɡb
    č
    ɡ̌
f s
m n ñ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb ʔ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f s
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃
TONES:

   hi mid lo ris fall

PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
NUMBER: 506
LANGUAGE: Obolo
ALTERNATEN: Andoni
LOCATION: Nigeria
POPULATION: 50,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross
OTHERSOURC:

   LWA
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO GN N-NUM N-POSS
NUMBER: 507
LANGUAGE: Efik
DIALECT: Calabar
LOCATION: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)
POPULATION: 400,000 (2 million second language speakers)
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Efik
DICTIONARY:

   Adams, R. F. G. 1952. English-Efik Dictionary. Liverpool: Philip, Son & Nephew.
Adams, R. F. G. 1953. Efik-English Dictionary. Liverpool: Philip, Son & Nephew.

GRAMMAR: Essien, U. and T. L. Cook. 1966. A Brief Introduction to Efik. Enugu: U.S. Peace Corp.
TEXTBOOKS: Welmers, William E. 1968. Efik. Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, Univ of Ibadan.
OTHERSOURC:

   Ward, Ida C. 1933. The Phonetic and Tonal Structure of Efik. Cambridge, Eng: W. Heffer & Sons.
Cook, T. L. 1969a. "Efik," in TNL, 35-46.
Cook, T. L. 1969b. The Pronunciation of Efik for Speakers of English. Bloomington: African Studies Program, Indiana Univ.

CONSONANTS:

    t k kp
b d
f s
m n ñ ŋ
(r) is analyzed as an allophone of /d/ between vowels, thouɡh written in orthoɡraphy.

STOPS: b t d k kp
FRICATIVES: f s
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
VIBRANTS: (r) analyzed as an allophone of ǀdǀ between vowels, thouɡh written in orthoɡraphy
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e (ɛ)
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
SYLLABLE: (C)(G)V(C) Nˈ
TONES: hi lo hi-fall lo-ris downstep downdrift
NOUNNUMBER: s p (pl rarely used)
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 508
LANGUAGE: Ibibio
LOCATION: SE Nigeria (South-eastern)
POPULATION: 1.5 million
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Efik
DICTIONARY: Kaufman, Elaine M. 1972. Ibibio Dictionary. Stanford: African Language and Area Center, Stanford Univ.
GRAMMAR: Kaufman, Elaine. 1969. Ibibio Grammar. Berkeley: Univ of California Diss.
OTHERSOURC: LWA
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k kp
b d
f s
m n ñ ŋ

STOPS: p b t̪ d k kp
FRICATIVES: f s
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
MODIFIEDCO: c̄ p t k m n ŋ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ
TONES: hi lo hi-fall downstep
STRESS: non-phonemic
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 509
LANGUAGE: Anaang
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Efik
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 510
LANGUAGE: Okobo
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Oron
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 511
LANGUAGE: Oron
LOCATION: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)
POPULATION: 50,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Oron
OTHERSOURC: Simmons, Donald C. 1965. "Oron Noun Morphology," JWAL 2:2, 33-7.
CONSONANTS:

   




TONES: hi mid lo ris fall
NOUNNUMBER: s p
SYNTAX: AN
NUMBER: 512
LANGUAGE: Ekit
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Oron
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 513
LANGUAGE: Ibino
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Lower Cross: Oron
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 514
LANGUAGE: Tita
LOCATION: SE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 515
LANGUAGE: Mbembe
DIALECT: Adun
LOCATION: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)
POPULATION: 60,000 (10,000)
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern
OTHERSOURC:

   Barnwell, K. 1969. "The Noun Class System in Mbembe," JWAL 6, 51-8.
Barnwell, K. G. L. 1974. "Mbembe," in TNTS, 51-78.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
    č
    ɡ̌
ɸ f s
β v
m n ñ ŋ
    (l)
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: ɸ β f v s
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: (l)
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO:

   c̄ t k f s m n
cj p b ɸ m
cʷ k ɡ ŋ
Nc d

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: ā ɔ̄
TONES: hi lo (ris) (fall) downstep downdrift
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: 11
DEMONSTRAT: 2
SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+D+Num
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 516
LANGUAGE: Legbo
LOCATION: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern
OTHERSOURC: Spreda, Klaus and Janice Spreda. 1966. "An Interim Report on the Phonological Data of Agbo," in Tagmemic and Matrix Linguistics Applied to Selected African Languages, ed. by Kenneth L. Pike, Ann Arbor, Center for Research on Language and Language Behavior, Univ of Michigan.
CONSONANTS:

   p t c k kp
b d ɟ ɡ ɡb
    dz
f s
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l

STOPS: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES: dz
FRICATIVES: f v s z
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
MODIFIEDCO:

   c̄ all but ɟ and z
cʷ k ɡ ŋ

GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C) Nˈ
TONES: hi mid lo
STRESS: non-phonemic
SYNTAX: N-NUM N-POSS
NUMBER: 517
LANGUAGE: Leyigha
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 518
LANGUAGE: Lenyima
LOCATION: Nigeria
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 519
LANGUAGE: Loko2
ALTERNATEN: Yakurr
LOCATION: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)
POPULATION: 100,000
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern
OTHERSOURC:

   Winston, F. D. D. 1962. "The Nominal Class System of Loko," ALS 3, 49-70.
Berry, Elaine. 1974. "Yakurr," in TNTS, 79-85.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kp
b d ɡ ɡb
    ɡ̌
f s
m n ŋ ŋm
    l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES: ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f s
NASALS: m n ŋ ŋm
LATERALS: l
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all ?
MODIFIEDVO: vowel harmony
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C) Nˈ
TONES: hi lo ris fall
NOUNNUMBER: s p
NOUNCLASSE: noun classes
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 520
LANGUAGE: Agoi
LOCATION: SE Nigeria (South-Eastern)
CLASSIFICA: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Upper Cross: Eastern
CONSONANTS:

   




typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-tones,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-tones,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-stress,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-nounclasse,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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