Albright, Sue. 1965. "Aykamteli Higher-Level Phonology," AL 7:7, 16-22. AMAZ
CONSONANTS:
p t k f s š h m n ľ
STOPS:p t k
FRICATIVES:f s š h
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:ľ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i ɨ u e ǝ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ɨ ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all
SYNTAX:SOV
NUMBER:5062
LANGUAGE:Yanomami
LOCATION:N Brazil (Amazonas)
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Yanomam
OTHERSOURC:E
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SOV
NUMBER:5063
LANGUAGE:Yanomamö
LOCATION:N Brazil (Amazonas)
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Yanomam
OTHERSOURC:AMAZ
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SOV
NUMBER:5064
LANGUAGE:Ninam
ALTERNATEN:Shiriana
LOCATION:SE Venezuela
POPULATION:25,000
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Yanomam
OTHERSOURC:
Borgman, Donald M. 1963. "Sentence and Clause Types in Central Waica (Shiriana)" IJAL 29, 222-229. Migliazza, Ernest and Joseph E. Grimes. 1961. "Shiriana Phonology" AL 3:6, 31-41. WPF
CONSONANTS:
p t th k (č) (ɸ) s š h m n ɾ
STOPS:p t th k
AFFRICATES:(č)
FRICATIVES:(ɸ) s š h
NASALS:m n
VIBRANTS:ɾ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i ɨ u e ǝ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ɨ ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO:vowel harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)V(C), Nˈ
DEMONSTRAT:2
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3hH 6
SYNTAX:SOV NA DN POSS-N
NUMBER:5065
LANGUAGE:Motilon
LOCATION:N Colombia
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Chibchan Proper: Western
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:5066
LANGUAGE:Cuna
ALTERNATEN:Kuna
LOCATION:Panama
POPULATION:20,000
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Chibchan Proper: Western
GRAMMAR:Holmer, Nils M. 1946. "Outline of Cuna Grammar," IJAL 12, 185-97.
OTHERSOURC:Forster, Keith. 1977. "The Narrative Folklore Discourse in Border Cuna," in DG II, 1-23.
CONSONANTS:
p t k kʷ č s m n l r
STOPS:p t k kʷ
AFFRICATES:č
FRICATIVES:s
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
MODIFIEDCO:c̄ all but s
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
STRESS:on-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 *3 *6
SYNTAX:SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:5067
LANGUAGE:Matagalpa
LOCATION:Nicaragua
POPULATION:extinct
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Misumalpan
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:5068
LANGUAGE:Miskito
LOCATION:Honduras
POPULATION:15,000 (1929)
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Misumalpan
DICTIONARY:Heath, G. R. and W. G. Marx. 1953. Diccionario miskito-español, español-miskito. Tegucigalpa, Honduras: Calderon.
OTHERSOURC:
Consemius, Edward. 1929. "Notes on the Miskito and Sumu Languages of Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras," IJAL 5, 57-115. Heath, G. R. 1950. "Miskito Glossary, With Ethnographic Commentary," IJAL 16, 20-34.
CONSONANTS:
p t k b d ɡ (ɡ̌) s x m n l r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES:(ɡ̌)
FRICATIVES:s x
NASALS:m n
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u (e) (o) a
FRONTVOWEL:i (e)
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u (o)
LONGVOWELS:ī ā ū
DIPHTHONGS:ai au
STRESS:initial
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:2
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N(3)/N-POSS(1,2)
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:5069
LANGUAGE:Sumo
LOCATION:Honduras
POPULATION:3,500 (1929)
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Misumalpan
OTHERSOURC:Conzemius, Eduard. 1929. "Notes on the Miskito and Sumu Languages of Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras," IJAL 5, 57-115.
CONSONANTS:
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
ARTICLES:def indef
PRONOUNS:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SOV NA GN DN N-NUM
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:5070
LANGUAGE:Rama
LOCATION:Nicaragua
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Rama
OTHERSOURC:WALS
CONSONANTS:
SYNTAX:SOV
NUMBER:5071
LANGUAGE:Guatuso
LOCATION:N Costa Rica
POPULATION:150
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Rama
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:5072
LANGUAGE:Guetar
LOCATION:Costa Rica
POPULATION:extinct
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Rama
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:5073
LANGUAGE:Cabecar
LOCATION:SE Costa Rica
POPULATION:2,000
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
DICTIONARY:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indı́genas costarricenses. San José, Costa Rica: Educa.
OTHERSOURC:
Jones, Aziel W. and Marian Jones. 1959. "The Segmental Phonemes of Chirripó," Actas del XXXIII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas 2, 580-3. Jones, Aziel W. 1974. "La clave del verbo en la lengua cabécar," AI 34, 333-9.
CONSONANTS:
p ph t th k kh b ts č ɡ̌ f s š x m n ñ ̌ l r
STOPS:p ph b t th k kh
AFFRICATES:ts č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f s š x
NASALS:m n ñ
LATERALS:̌l
VIBRANTS:r
GLIDES:w
VOWELS:
i u e ǝ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
NASALVOWEL:ĩ ẽ ã ũ õ
TONES:hi lo
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SOV NA GN POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:5074
LANGUAGE:Bribri
DIALECT:Lari
LOCATION:S Costa Rica
POPULATION:5,000
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
DICTIONARY:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indı́genas costarricenses. San José, Costa Rica: Educa.
OTHERSOURC:Schlabach, Raymond A. 1974. "Los fonemas del bribri del Valle de Talamanca," AI 34, 355-62.
CONSONANTS:
p hp t̪ ht̪ c k hk (ʔ) b d̪ tshts č hč ɡ̌ s š m n ñ (ŋ) ľ Nasal consonants are analyzed as allophones of b d ɡ̌.
STOPS:p hp b t̪ ht̪ d̪ c k hk (ʔ)
AFFRICATES:tshts č hč ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:s š
NASALS:m n ñ (ŋ) (nasal consonants are analyzed as allophones of b d ɡ̌)
LATERALS:ľ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u I ʋ e o a
FRONTVOWEL:i I e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ʋ o
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all but I ʋ
SYLLABLE:(C)V(C)
STRESS:non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
ARTICLES:def
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SOV NA GN POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:5075
LANGUAGE:Bribri
DIALECT:Salitre
LOCATION:S Costa Rica
POPULATION:5,000
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
DICTIONARY:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indı́genas costarricenses. San José, Costa Rica: Educa.
OTHERSOURC:
Wilson, Jack L. 1974. "Análisis fonológico del bribri," AI 34, 341-53. WPF
CONSONANTS:
p t k ʔ b d č ɡ̌ s š h m n ñ ɾ r ṛ Nasal consonants are analyzed as allophones of b d ɡ̌.
STOPS:p b t d k ʔ
AFFRICATES:č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:s š h
NASALS:m n ñ (nasal consonants are analyzed as allophones of b d ɡ̌)
VIBRANTS:ɾ r ṛ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u I ʋ e o a
FRONTVOWEL:i I e
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u ʋ o
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all but I ʋ
SYLLABLE:(C)(C)(C)V(C)
TONES:hi lo
PRONOUNS:
1 4ie 2 5 3 6
NUMBER:5076
LANGUAGE:Teribe
LOCATION:NW Panama (Bocas del Toro)
POPULATION:1,000
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
DICTIONARY:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indı́genas costarricenses. San José: Costa Rica: Educa.
OTHERSOURC:
Koontz, Carol and Joanne Anderson. 1977. "Connectives in Teribe," in DG II, 95-131. Koontz, Carol. 1977. "Features of Dialogue within Narrative Discourse in Teribe," in DG III, 111-132. E
CONSONANTS:
p t k b d ɡ č s š x z ž m n ñ ŋ l r ṛ
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES:č
FRICATIVES:s z š ž x
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:l
VIBRANTS:r ṛ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u I ʋ e ǝ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i I e
CENTRALVOW:ǝ a
BACKVOWELS:u ʋ o
NASALVOWEL:ĩ ẽ ã ũ õ
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4de 4i 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SOV/OVS NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:5077
LANGUAGE:Borunca
LOCATION:S Costa Rica
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Talamanca
GRAMMAR:Arroyo, Victor Manuel. 1972. Lenguas indigenas costarricenses. San José, Costa Rica: Educa.
CONSONANTS:
p t k ʔ b d ɡ ts č s š x h m n ŋ r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES:ts č
FRICATIVES:s š x h
NASALS:m n ŋ
VIBRANTS:r
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i u e o ɛ a
FRONTVOWEL:i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW:a
BACKVOWELS:u o
LONGVOWELS:short vowels ĕ ă ŭ ŏ
NASALVOWEL:ã
NOUNNUMBER:s p
DEMONSTRAT:3
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3 6
SYNTAX:SOV GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST:(PREP)/POST
NUMBER:5078
LANGUAGE:Guaymi
ALTERNATEN:Ngäbere
LOCATION:N Panama
POPULATION:25,000
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Chibchan: Guaymi
GRAMMAR:GD: Alphonse, Ephraim S. 1956. Guaymı́ Grammar and Dictionary. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
