Rivet, P., P. Kok and C. Tastevin. 1925. "Nouvelle contribution à l'étude de la langue makú," IJAL 3, 133-92. Cathcart, Marilyn E. and Stephen H. Levinsohn. 1977. "The Encoding of Chronological Progression in Cacua Narratives," in DG II, 69-94. E
CONSONANTS:
p t k ʔ b d ɡ č h m n ñ r
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES:č
FRICATIVES:h
NASALS:m n ñ
VIBRANTS:r
GLIDES:w w̥
VOWELS:
i ɨ e o a
FRONTVOWEL:i e
CENTRALVOW:ɨ a
BACKVOWELS:o
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all?
TONES:hi-slo-downglide hi-fast-downglide mid low
SYNTAX:SOV/OSV
NUMBER:5203
LANGUAGE:Ticuna
ALTERNATEN:Tucuna
LOCATION:NE Peru
POPULATION:15,000
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Macro-Tucanoan: Ticuna-Yuri
DICTIONARY:Anderson, Lambert. 1958. "Vocabulario breve del idioma ticuna," Tradición 21 (Cuzco).
TEXTBOOKS:Anderson, Doris G. 1962. Conversational Ticuna. Yarinacocha, Peru: SIL.
OTHERSOURC:Anderson, Lambert. 1966. "The Structure and Distribution of Ticuna Independent Clauses," Linguistics 20, 5-30.
CONSONANTS:
p t k kʷ ʔ b d ɡ č ̌ ɡ̌ f (s) m n ñ ŋ (l) ɾ
STOPS:p b t d k ɡ kʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES:č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES:f (s)
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS:(l)
VIBRANTS:ɾ
GLIDES:w
VOWELS:
i ɨ u ɛ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ɨ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all but ɛ
MODIFIEDVO:
v̰ (larynɡealized) all ṽ̰ i e o only
DIPHTHONGS:ai au
TONES:
hi hi-mid mid lo-mid lo hi-fall lo-mid-lev-(2-3) lo-mid-ris-(2-5) mid-ris
DEMONSTRAT:3
ARTICLES:def indef
PRONOUNS:
1 4ie 2 5 *3mf 6 + indef & ref 3 has 5 forms: (1) he/she/it, (2) he-distant, (3) he-previously referred to, (4) he/she/it-familiar, (5) she
SYNTAX:SVO NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
NOUNINCORP:noun incorp
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:5204
LANGUAGE:Yuri
LOCATION:NW Brazil (Amazonas)
POPULATION:extinct
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Macro-Tucanoan: Ticuna-Yuri
CONSONANTS:
NUMBER:5205
LANGUAGE:Proto-Tucanoan
LOCATION:S Colombia
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Macro-Tucanoan: Tucanoan
OTHERSOURC:Waltz, Nathan E. and Alva Wheeler. 1972. "Proto-Tucanoan," in Comparative Studies in Amerindian Languages, The Hague, Mouton, 119-49.
DICTIONARY:Gallo, Carlos I. M. 1972. Diccionario tucano-castellano. Vaupés, Colombia: Prefectura Apostolica.
OTHERSOURC:
West, Birdie and Betty Welch. 1967. "Phonemic System of Tucano,' in PSCL, 11-24. Welch, Betty. 1977. "Tucano Discourse, Paragraph, and Information Distribution," in DG II, 229-52. West, Birdie. 1977. "Results of a Tucanoan Syntax Questionnaire Pilot Study," in DG III, 339-75.
CONSONANTS:
p t k ɡ ʔ mb nd ŋɡ s h m n ŋ ɾ W&W 1967 analyze m n ŋ as allophones of /mb nd ŋɡ/: (1) mb nd ŋɡ before vowels; m n ŋ before nasal vowels.
STOPS:p mb t nd k ŋɡ ɡ ʔ
FRICATIVES:s h
NASALS:m n ŋ (W&W 1967 analyze m n ŋ as allophones of ǀmb nd ŋɡǀ: (1) mb nd ŋɡ before vowels; m n ŋ before nasal vowels.)
VIBRANTS:ɾ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i ɨ u ɛ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ɨ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO:nasal harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)V(ʔ)
TONES:hi mid low
STRESS:phonemic
NOUNNUMBER:s p
SYNTAX:SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
COMMENTS:Used as a lingua franca by speakers of other Tucanoan languages.
Waltz, Nathan and Carolyn Waltz. 1967. "Guanano Phonemics," in PSCL, 25-36. Waltz, Nathan E. 1976. "Discourse Functions of Guanano Sentence and Paragraph," in DG I, 21-145. Waltz, Carolyn H. 1977. "Some Obervations on Guanano Dialogue," in DG III, 67-109.
CONSONANTS:
p ph t th k kh ʔ b d ɡ čh s h m n ñ ŋ ɾ Nasals analyzed as allophones of voiced stops.
STOPS:p ph b t th d k kh ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES:čh
FRICATIVES:s h
NASALS:m n ñ ŋ (Nasals analyzed as allophones of voiced stops)
VIBRANTS:ɾ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i ɨ ʋ ɛ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ɨ a
BACKVOWELS:ʋ ɔ
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all
SYLLABLE:(s)(C)V(ʔ)
STRESS:phonemic, but grammatically predictable: final syllable of stem for nouns, verbs and adjectives.
Smith, Richard and Connie Smith. 1971. "Southern Barasano Phonemics," Linguistics 75, 80-85. Smith, Richard. 1977. "Southern Barasano Sentence Structure," in DG III, 175-205. E
CONSONANTS:
(p) t k (ʔ) mb nd ŋɡ s h m n ŋ ɾ
STOPS:(p) mb t nd k ŋɡ (ʔ)
FRICATIVES:s h
NASALS:m n ŋ
VIBRANTS:ɾ
GLIDES:j w
VOWELS:
i ɨ u ɛ o a
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ɨ a
BACKVOWELS:u o
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO:nasal harmony
SYLLABLE:(C)V
TONES:hi lo
SYNTAX:OVS NA GN DN POSS-N
PREPPOST:POST
NUMBER:5219
LANGUAGE:Cubeo
DIALECT:Dyuremawa
LOCATION:SE Colombia
POPULATION:1,700
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Macro-Tucanoan: Tucanoan: Central
OTHERSOURC:
Salser, J. K., Jr. 1971. "Cubeo Phonemics," Linguistics 75, 74-9. Salser, J. K. and Neva Salser. 1977. "Some Features of Cubeo Discourse and Sentence Structure," in DG, 253-72. WALS WPF
CONSONANTS:
p t k (ʔ) mb nd ñɟ č h v ð m n ñ ľ
STOPS:p mb t nd ñɟ k (ʔ)
AFFRICATES:č
FRICATIVES:v ð h
NASALS:m n ñ
LATERALS:ľ
VOWELS:
i ɨ u ɛ ɔ a
FRONTVOWEL:i ɛ
CENTRALVOW:ɨ a
BACKVOWELS:u ɔ
NASALVOWEL:ṽ all
SYLLABLE:(C)V
TONES:hi lo
STRESS:on first hi-pitched syllable of word
PRONOUNS:
1 4 2 5 3mfn 6
SYNTAX:OVS AN POSS-N
NUMBER:5220
LANGUAGE:Tanimuca
ALTERNATEN:Retuarã
LOCATION:SE Colombia
CLASSIFICA:Amerind: Macro-Tucanoan: Tucanoan: Western
