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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 5301
LANGUAGE: Parakanã
LOCATION: NC Brazil (Pará)
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tenetehara
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5302
LANGUAGE: Urubu
ALTERNATEN: Urubú-Kaapor
LOCATION: NE Brazil (Maranhao)
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tenetehara
OTHERSOURC:

   WALS
E

CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SOV/OSV
NUMBER: 5303
LANGUAGE: Guarani
DIALECT: Paraguayan
LOCATION: Paraguay
POPULATION: 2.5 million
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
DICTIONARY: Jover Peralta, Anselmo and Tomas Osuna. 1952. Diccionario guarani-español y español-guarani. Buenos Aires: Tupa.
GRAMMAR: Guasch, Antonio. 1956. El idioma guaranı́: Gramatica y antologı́a de prosa y verso. Asuncion: Casa América.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
mb nd ɡ ŋɡ
    ɡ̌
    s š h
v
m n ñ
    (l)
    ɾ

STOPS: p mb t nd k ɡ ŋɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: v s š h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: (l)
VIBRANTS: ɾ
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ a o u only
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO: v̄̃ e only
STRESS: phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 5304
LANGUAGE: Guarani
DIALECT: Bolivian
LOCATION: SE Bolivian (Cordillera)
POPULATION: 2.5 million
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
GRAMMAR:

   Rosbottom, Harry. 1967. "Guarani," in BIG II, 99-194. [also in GELB I, 121-278]
Gregores, Emma and Jorge A. Suárez. 1967. A Description of Colloquial Guarani. The Hague: Mouton.

OTHERSOURC: Rosbottom, Harry. 1968. "Phonemes of the Guarani Language,' Linguistics 41, 109-13.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
    ɡʷ
    č
    s h
β
m n ñ ŋ
ɾ

STOPS: p t k ɡʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: β s h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɨ u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO: nasal harmony
SYLLABLE: (C)V
STRESS: phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3

SYNTAX: SVO NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+N+A
PREPPOST: POST
COMMENTS: "The Guarani of Bolivia and that of Paraguay are less alike than Spanish and Portuguese." Rosbottom 1968, p. 109. There are only 15,000 speakers of Guarani in Bolivia. It is not clear to what extent the differences between the two phonological systems displayed here result from questions of interpretation and to what extent they represent genuine differences between the dialects (languages?). MR
NUMBER: 5305
LANGUAGE: Kaiwa
LOCATION: W Brazil (Mato Grasso)
POPULATION: 30,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
OTHERSOURC:

   Bridgeman, Loraine I. 1961. "Kaiwa (Guarani) Phonology," IJAL 27, 329-34.
Harrison, Carl H. 1971. "Nasalization in Kaiwá," in TS, 15-20.
AMAZ

CONSONANTS:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
mb nd ŋɡ ŋɡʷ
ñɡ̌
    s š h
v
m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
    ɾ

STOPS: p mb t nd k ŋɡ kʷ ŋɡʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ñɡ̌
FRICATIVES: v s š h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
VIBRANTS: ɾ
VOWELS:

   i ɨ u
ɛ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO: nasal harmony
DIPHTHONGS: diphthonɡs
SYLLABLE: (C)V
STRESS: final
SYNTAX: VOS
NUMBER: 5306
LANGUAGE: Tapiete
LOCATION: NW Paraguay
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5307
LANGUAGE: Guarayu
LOCATION: EC Bolivia
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
OTHERSOURC: E
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SOV
NUMBER: 5308
LANGUAGE: Nhengatu
ALTERNATEN: Icua Tupi
LOCATION: NW Brazil (Amazonas)
POPULATION: 30,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
GRAMMAR: Fernandes, Adaucto. 1960. Gramática Tupi. Rio de Janeiro: A. Coelho Branco.
OTHERSOURC: Abrahamson, Arne. 1968. "Contrastive Distribution of Phoneme Classes in Içuã Tupi," AL 10:6, 11-21.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    ɡ̌
    h
m n ñ ŋ
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j ȷ̃ w w̃
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
SYLLABLE: (C)(G)V(G)
STRESS: phonemic (mostly penult, also antepenult)
DEMONSTRAT: 3
SYNTAX: NA POSS-N
NUMBER: 5309
LANGUAGE: Potiguara
LOCATION: EC Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte)
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group I: Tupi
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5310
LANGUAGE: Cocama
LOCATION: NE Peru
POPULATION: 10,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group II
DICTIONARY: Wille, Norma Faust. 1959. "Vocabulario breve del idioma cocama (tupi)," Perú Indı́gena 18-19, 150-8.
OTHERSOURC:

   Faust, Norma. 1971. "Cocama Clause Types,' in TS, 73-105.
E

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
(b) (d) (ɡ)
    ts č
(f) s š (h)
m n
    (l)
    r

STOPS: p (b) t (d) k (ɡ)
AFFRICATES: ts č
FRICATIVES: (f) s š (h)
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: (l)
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɨ u
(e) (o)
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i (e)
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u (o)
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)
STRESS: final/penult
SYNTAX: SOV GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 5311
LANGUAGE: Omagua
LOCATION: N Peru
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group II
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5312
LANGUAGE: Mawe
ALTERNATEN: Maue
LOCATION: C Brazil (Pará)
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group III
CONSONANTS:

   




PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

NUMBER: 5313
LANGUAGE: Munduruku
LOCATION: C Brazil (Pará)
POPULATION: 1,250
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group III
OTHERSOURC:

   Braun, Ilse and Marjorie Crofts. 1965. "Munduruku Phonology," AL 7:7, 23-39.
WALS

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b
    č
    ɡ̌
    s š h
m n ŋ
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t k ʔ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: s š h
NASALS: m n ŋ
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   I ɨ ʋ
ɛ ǝ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: ʋ
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
TONES: hi mid lo lo-glott
SYNTAX: SOV
NUMBER: 5314
LANGUAGE: Siriono
LOCATION: NE Bolivia (Beni)
POPULATION: 600
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group III
DICTIONARY:

   Schermair, Anselmo E. 1958,1962. Vocabulario sirionó-castellano, Vocabulario castellano-sirionó. Innsbruck: Univ Innsbruck.

GRAMMAR:

   Firestone, Homer L. 1965. Description and Classification of Siriono. The Hague: Mouton.
Priest, Perry N. and Anne M. Priest. 1967. "Siriono," in BIG 2, 195-255. [also in GELB I, 281-373.]

OTHERSOURC: Priest, Perry. 1968. "Phonemes of the Sirionó Language," Linguistics 41, 102-8.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k kj
 b
    č
    s š h
m n ñ ŋ
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t k kj
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s š h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɨ u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄
NASALVOWEL:

   ṽ all but u
v̄̃

SYLLABLE: (C)V
STRESS: phonemic (but mostly penult)
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3

SYNTAX: SOV/(SVO) NA GN DN POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 5315
LANGUAGE: Kuruaya
LOCATION: NC Brazil (Pará)
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Tupi: Tupi-Guarani: Group III
OTHERSOURC: WPF
CONSONANTS:

   




PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 ?
3 6

NUMBER: 5316
LANGUAGE: Katembri
LOCATION: E Brazil (Alagoas)
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5317
LANGUAGE: Otomaco
LOCATION: C Venezuela (Apure)
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5318
LANGUAGE: Tinigua
LOCATION: E Colombia
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan: Tiniguan
OTHERSOURC: WPF
CONSONANTS:

   




PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

NUMBER: 5319
LANGUAGE: Pamigua
LOCATION: E Colombia
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan: Tiniguan
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5320
LANGUAGE: Churuya
LOCATION: E Colombia
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Equatorial: Macro-Arawakan: Guahiban
CONSONANTS:

   




typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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