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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 5461
LANGUAGE: Meneca
ALTERNATEN: Huitoto
LOCATION: NE Peru
POPULATION: 5,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Witotoan
OTHERSOURC:

   Minor, Eugene E. 1956. "Witoto Vowel Clusters," IJAL 22, 131-137.
Minor, Eugene E. and Eugene E. Loos. 1963. "The Structure and Contexts of Witoto Predicates in Narrative Speech," In Studies on Peruvian Indian Languages, Norman, SIL #9, 37-66.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b ʔb d ʔd ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
ɸ h
m n ñ ŋ
    r

STOPS: p b ʔb t d ʔd k ɡ ʔ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: ɸ h
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j ɨ̯ w
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
DIPHTHONGS: ui ue ua ai aɯ oi oɯ ie ia io iu iɯ ɯi ae ɯe ɯa ɯu ei
SYLLABLE: (C)V
STRESS: phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s d p
GENDER: m f [some stems]
PRONOUNS:

   1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6
These are verbal affixes.

SYNTAX: SOV AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP/POST
NUMBER: 5462
LANGUAGE: Murui
ALTERNATEN: Witoto
LOCATION: N Peru
POPULATION: 5,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Witotoan
OTHERSOURC: Burtch, Bryan and Mary Ruth Wise. 1968. "Murui (Witotoan) Clause Structures," Linguistics 38, 12-29.
CONSONANTS:

    t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
ɸ θ h
β
m n ñ
    r

STOPS: b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: ɸ β θ h
NASALS: m n ñ
VIBRANTS: r
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
ɛ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ ɔ
PRONOUNS:

   1 4dmf 4
2 5dmf 5
3 6dmf 6

SYNTAX: SOV
NUMBER: 5463
LANGUAGE: Chayma
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Venezuelan
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5464
LANGUAGE: Cumanagoto
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Venezuelan
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5465
LANGUAGE: Yao
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Venezuelan
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5466
LANGUAGE: Tamanaco
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Venezuelan
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5467
LANGUAGE: Japreria
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Sierra de Perija
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5468
LANGUAGE: Yukpa
ALTERNATEN: Macoa
LOCATION: Venezuela
POPULATION: 250
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Sierra de Perija
OTHERSOURC:

   Hildebrandt, Martha. 1958. Sistema fonémico del macoı́ta. Caracas: Ministerio de Justicia.
LAND

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
    č
    š
m n ñ
    r

STOPS: p t k
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: š
NASALS: m n ñ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɨ u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 5469
LANGUAGE: Yukpa
ALTERNATEN: Motilon
LOCATION: N Colombia (NE Magdalena)
POPULATION: 3,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Sierra de Perija
OTHERSOURC:

   Hanes, Leonard C. 1952. "Phonemes of Motilone (Carib)," IJAL 18, 146-9.
LAND

CONSONANTS:

   ph th kh ʔ
    č̣h čh
    s š
m n

STOPS: ph th kh ʔ
AFFRICATES: č̣h čh
FRICATIVES: s š
NASALS: m n
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NASALVOWEL:

   ṽ all
v̄̃ all

SYLLABLE: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C), Nˈ
STRESS: phonemic (generaly on long vowel; if no long vowel, then penult)
SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 5470
LANGUAGE: Opone
LOCATION: Colombia
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Opone-Carare
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5471
LANGUAGE: Carare
LOCATION: Venezuela
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Coastal: Opone-Carare
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5472
LANGUAGE: Mapoyo
LOCATION: Venezuela
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Western Guiana
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5473
LANGUAGE: Yabarana
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Western Guiana
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5474
LANGUAGE: Panare
ALTERNATEN: Eñepa
LOCATION: WC Venezuela
POPULATION: 1,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Western Guiana
OTHERSOURC:

   E
AMAZ

CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: OVS
NUMBER: 5475
LANGUAGE: Quaca
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Western Guiana
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5476
LANGUAGE: Pareca
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Western Guiana
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5477
LANGUAGE: Galibi
ALTERNATEN: Carib
LOCATION: NC Surinam
POPULATION: 6,000
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: Galibi
GRAMMAR: Hoff, B. J. 1968. The Carib Language. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
OTHERSOURC: Peasgood, Edward T. 1972. "Carib Phonology," in LOG, 35-41.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
b d ɡ
    s h
m n ŋ
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ ʔ
FRICATIVES: s h
NASALS: m n ŋ
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
DIPHTHONGS: au ai ei oi ɯi ui ou
SYLLABLE: (C)V(C)
STRESS: non-phonemic
NOUNNUMBER: s p
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV/(OVS) AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 5478
LANGUAGE: Wayana
LOCATION: S Surinam
POPULATION: 500
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: East-West Guiana: Group 1
GRAMMAR: Jackson, Walter S. 1972. "A Wayana Grammar," in LOG, 47-77.
OTHERSOURC: AMAZ
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
    s h
m n ŋ
    ľ

STOPS: p t k
FRICATIVES: s h
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: ľ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɯ u
ɛ ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u ɯ o
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

    1 4di 4ie
2 5
*3 6ai

SYNTAX: OVS POSS-N
NOUNINCORP: noun incorp
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 5479
LANGUAGE: Apalai
LOCATION: Brazil (Pará)
POPULATION: 175
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: East-West Guiana: Group 1
OTHERSOURC:

   Koehn, Edward Henry. 1976. "The Historical Tense in Apalaı́ Narrative," IJAL 42, 243-52.
AMAZ

CONSONANTS:

   p t k ʔ
    s š h
    z
m n
    ɾ

STOPS: p t k ʔ
FRICATIVES: s z š h
NASALS: m n
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɨ u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ɨ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
SYNTAX: OVS NA GN POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 5480
LANGUAGE: Roucouyene
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Amerind: Macro-Carib: Carib: Northern: East-West Guiana: Group 1
CONSONANTS:

   




typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-nounincorp,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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