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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 5681
LANGUAGE: Mutus
LOCATION: Venezuela
CLASSIFICA: Isolate
CONSONANTS:

   




ERGATIVE:
PREPPOST:
NUMBER: 5682
LANGUAGE: Yuwana
LOCATION: Venezuela
CLASSIFICA: Isolate
CONSONANTS:

   




ERGATIVE:
PREPPOST:
NUMBER: 5683
LANGUAGE: Kohoroxitari
LOCATION: Brazil
CLASSIFICA: Isolate
CONSONANTS:

   




ERGATIVE:
PREPPOST:
NUMBER: 5684
LANGUAGE: Arara3
LOCATION: Brazil
CLASSIFICA: Isolate
CONSONANTS:

   




ERGATIVE:
PREPPOST:
NUMBER: 5685
LANGUAGE: Chiquitano
LOCATION: Bolivia
CLASSIFICA: Isolate
OTHERSOURC: LAND
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO
ERGATIVE:
PREPPOST:
NUMBER: 5686
LANGUAGE: Vedda
LOCATION: Sri Lanka
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Isolate
OTHERSOURC: Seligmann, C. G. 1911. The Veddas. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press.
CONSONANTS:

   




ERGATIVE:
PREPPOST:
COMMENTS: Vedda has been misclassified as a member of the Sinhalese-Maldivian branch of Indo-European. While there are still Vedda people, the Vedda language has long been extinct and virtually nothing is known about it. The Vedda today speak a divergent dialect of Sinhalese with many words whose origin is unknown. It is suspected that these words are relics from the original Vedda language.
NUMBER: 5687
LANGUAGE: Asian Swahili
LOCATION: Kenya
CLASSIFICA: Swahili-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5688
LANGUAGE: Fanagolo
ALTERNATEN: Piki
LOCATION: South Africa
POPULATION: 200,000
CLASSIFICA: Zulu-Based Pidgin
GRAMMAR: GD: Bold, J. D. 1971. Dictionary, Phrase-Book and Grammar of Fanagalo. Johannesburg: Hugh Keartland.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s h
v z
m n
    l ɬ
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
CLICKS: / || !
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
DIPHTHONGS: ai ej au oi ou
SYLLABLE: mˈ nˈ
STRESS: penult
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 1
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6d 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN NG DN NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
COMMENTS: Fanagalo is a pidgin based on Zulu, used as a lingua franca in Southern Africa.
NUMBER: 5689
LANGUAGE: Sea Island Creole
ALTERNATEN: Gulla
LOCATION: Georgia (Sea Island)
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: AL 6:8
CONSONANTS:

   p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ kp
b d ɡ ɡb
    ts
 dz
f s š šʔ h
v z
m n ñ
    l
    r

STOPS: p pʔ b t tʔ d k kʔ ɡ kp ɡb
AFFRICATES: ts dz
FRICATIVES: f v s z š šʔ h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
MODIFIEDCO: Nc p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i ɨ u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ɨ ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ĩ ẽ ã ũ
NUMBER: 5690
LANGUAGE: Guyanese
LOCATION: Guyana
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5691
LANGUAGE: Western Caribbean Creole
ALTERNATEN: Jamaican Creole
LOCATION: Jamaica
POPULATION: 1.5 million
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
DICTIONARY: Cassidy, F. G. and R. G. Le Page, eds. 1967. Dictionary of Jamaican English. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press.
TEXTBOOKS: Bailey, Beryl Loftman. 1968. Jamaican Creole Language Course. Washington, D.C.
OTHERSOURC: Bailey, Beryl Loftman. 1966. Jamaican Creole Syntax. Cambridge, Eng: Cambridge Univ Press.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š h
v z
m n ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š h
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: ī ā ū
DIPHTHONGS: ai ie uo ou au
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3PH 6
P=plain, H=non=human

SYNTAX: SVO AN GN DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N Num+A+N
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5692
LANGUAGE: Lesser Antillean Creole
LOCATION: St. Lucia
CLASSIFICA: French-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5693
LANGUAGE: Krio
LOCATION: Sierra Leone
POPULATION: 70,000
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: AL 6:8
CONSONANTS:

   ph th kh (kph)
b d ɡ (ɡb)
    čh
    ɡ̌
f s š
v z ž
m n (ñ) ŋ (ŋm)
    l
    r

STOPS: ph b th d kh ɡ (kph) (ɡb)
AFFRICATES: čh ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž
NASALS: m n (ñ) ŋ (ŋm)
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL: (ı̃) (ɛ̃) (ã) (ũ) (ɔ̃)
TONES: hi lo
STRESS: phonemic
NUMBER: 5694
LANGUAGE: Wescos
LOCATION: Cameroons
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5695
LANGUAGE: Djuka
ALTERNATEN: Aucaan, Ndyuka
LOCATION: Surinam
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: WALS
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 5696
LANGUAGE: Djuka
LOCATION: E Surinam
POPULATION: 21,000
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
DICTIONARY: Huttar, George L. 1972. "A Comparative Word List for Djuka, " in LOG, 12-21.
OTHERSOURC: Huttar, George L. and Mary L. Huttar. 1972. "Notes on Djuka Phonology," in LOG, 1-11.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
f s h
m n
    l

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
FRICATIVES: f s h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
DIPHTHONGS: diphthonɡs
SYLLABLE: (C)(G)V(N) Nˈ
TONES: hi lo
NUMBER: 5697
LANGUAGE: Saramaccan
LOCATION: C Surinam
POPULATION: 22,000
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC:

   Voorhoeve, Jan. 1961. "Le ton et la grammaire dans le saramaccan," Word 17, 146-63.
Grimes, Joseph E. and Naomi Glock. 1970. "A Saramaccan Narrative Pattern," Lg 46, 408-25.
Rountree, S. Catherine. 1972. "The Phonological Structure of Stems in Saramaccan," in LOG, 22-34.
Glock, Naomi. 1972. "Clause and Sentence in Saramaccan," JAL 11, 45-61.
AL 6:8

CONSONANTS:

   p t c k kp
b mb d nd ɟ ñɟ ɡ ŋɡ ɡb
f s h
v z
m n ñ
    l

STOPS: p b mb t d nd c ɟ ñɟ k ɡ ŋɡ kp ɡb
FRICATIVES: f v s z h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: v̄ all
NASALVOWEL: ṽ all
MODIFIEDVO: ɛ ɔ are 'bright'; e o are 'muffled'
SYLLABLE: (C)V(N)
TONES: hi lo
STRESS: non-phonemic
ARTICLES: def
SYNTAX: SVO AN NG NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5698
LANGUAGE: Sranan
LOCATION: Surinam
POPULATION: 80,000
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC:

   Voorhoeve, Jan. 1962. Sranan Syntax. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Echteld, J. J. M. 1962. The English Words in Sranan. Groningen: J. B. Wotters.
AL 6:8

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
f s š (h)
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
FRICATIVES: f s š (h)
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
LONGVOWELS: ē ō ā ō
NASALVOWEL: ṽ ?
DIPHTHONGS: ai oi ui ei au ou
STRESS: penultimate
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6
4=5

SYNTAX: SVO AN GN ND NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5699
LANGUAGE: Pitcairnese
LOCATION: Pitcairn Island
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5700
LANGUAGE: Hawaiian Creole
LOCATION: Hawaii
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-ergative,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-ergative,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-ergative,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-ergative,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-ergative,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-ergative,typology-preppost,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-clicks,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-tones,typology-stress,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-modifiedvo,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-stress,typology-articles,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-diphthongs,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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