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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 5701
LANGUAGE: Roper River Creole
ALTERNATEN: Kriol
LOCATION: Australia
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: E
CONSONANTS:

   




SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 5702
LANGUAGE: Torres Strait Creole
ALTERNATEN: Australian Pidgin
LOCATION: N Australia
POPULATION: 23,000
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5703
LANGUAGE: Tok Pisin
ALTERNATEN: Melanesian Pidgin
LOCATION: Papua New Guinea
POPULATION: 500,000
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Pidgin
GRAMMAR: DG: Mihalic, Francis. 1971. The Jacaranda Dictionary and Grammar of Melanesian Pidgin. Milton, Australia: Jacaranda Press.
TEXTBOOKS: Dutton, T. E. 1973. Conversational New Guinea Pidgin. PL D12.
OTHERSOURC:

   AL 6:8
Woolford, Ellen B. 1979. Aspects of Tok Pisin Grammar. PL B66.

CONSONANTS:

   (p) t k
b d ɡ
    ɡ̌
ɸ (f) s h
    v
m n ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: (p) b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: ɸ (f) v s h
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
DIPHTHONGS: ai au oi
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)
STRESS: mostly initial
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4die 4tie 4ie
2 5d 5t 5
3 6d 6t 6

SYNTAX: SVO AN/(NA) NG DN NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5704
LANGUAGE: Bislama
ALTERNATEN: Beach-la-Mar
LOCATION: New Hebrides
POPULATION: 50,000
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Creole
GRAMMAR: DG: Guy, J. B. M. 1974. Handbook of Bichelamar/Manuel de bichelamar. PL C34.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b
f s h
v
m n ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t k
FRICATIVES: f v s h
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   I ʋ
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: I ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: ʋ ɔ
DIPHTHONGS: ae ao ea ia oe ua
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)
STRESS: non-phonemic
DEMONSTRAT: 1
ARTICLES: indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4die 4ie
2 5d 5
3 6dPC 6
P=plain; C=collective

SYNTAX: SVO AN NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
COMMENTS: Used as a lingua franca in the New Hebrides.
NUMBER: 5705
LANGUAGE: Solomon Pijin
ALTERNATEN: Neo-Solomonic
LOCATION: Solomon Islands
POPULATION: 50,000
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Pidgin
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5706
LANGUAGE: Micronesian Pidgin
LOCATION: Micronesia
POPULATION: practically extinct
CLASSIFICA: English-Based Pidgin
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5707
LANGUAGE: Dutch Creole
ALTERNATEN: Negerhollands
LOCATION: USA (Virgin Islands)
POPULATION: nearing octinction
CLASSIFICA: Dutch-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




COMMENTS: "A Dutch-based pidgin-preole nearing extinction." p. 146. (Voegelins)
NUMBER: 5708
LANGUAGE: Unserdeutsch
LOCATION: Papua New Guinea
CLASSIFICA: German-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5709
LANGUAGE: French Creole
DIALECT: Louisiana
LOCATION: Louisiana
POPULATION: 7.8 million
CLASSIFICA: French-Based Creole
GRAMMAR: Conwell, Marilyn T. and Alphonse Juilland. 1963. Louisiana French Grammar. The Hague : Mouton.
OTHERSOURC: Morgan, Raleigh, Jr. 1959. "Structural Sketch of Saint Martin Creole," AL 1:8, 20-24.
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k
b d̪ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s̪ š h
v z̪ ž
m n̪ ñ
    l̪
    r

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ š ž h
NASALS: m n̪ ñ
LATERALS: l̪
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
    a ɑ

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ ɑ
NASALVOWEL: ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ɑ̃
NOUNNUMBER: s p
GENDER: (m f)
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA/AN NG DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5710
LANGUAGE: French Creole
DIALECT: Haitian
LOCATION: Haiti
POPULATION: 7.8 million (1 million)
CLASSIFICA: French-Based Creole
DICTIONARY: Faine, Jules. 1974. Dictionnaire français-créole. Ottawa: Leméac.
GRAMMAR: d'Ans, André-Marcel. 1968. Le créole français d'Haı̈ti. The Hague: Mouton.
TEXTBOOKS: Valdman, Albert. 1970. Basic Course in Haitian Creole. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.
OTHERSOURC: AL 6:8
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k
b d̪ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s̪ š
v z̪ ž ɣ
m n̪ ñ
    l̪

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s̪ z̪ š ž ɣ
NASALS: m n̪ ñ
LATERALS: l̪
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i (y) u
e (ø) o
ɛ (œ) ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i (y) e (ø) ɛ (œ)
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ẽ ã õ
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)
STRESS: final
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 1
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA/(AN) NG ND NUM-N N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5711
LANGUAGE: French Creole
DIALECT: Guyana
LOCATION: Guyana
POPULATION: 7.8 million
CLASSIFICA: French-Based Creole
GRAMMAR: Fauquenoy, Marguerite Saint Jacques. 1972. Analyse structurale du créole guyanais. Paris: Klincksieck.
OTHERSOURC: Corne, Chris. 1971. "Le patois créole français de la Guyane (St-Laurent-du-Maroni): Esquisse de grammaire," Te Reo 14, 81-103.
CONSONANTS:

   p t̪ k
b d̪ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š
v z ž
m n̪ ñ
    l̪
    ʁ

STOPS: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž
NASALS: m n̪ ñ
LATERALS: l̪
VIBRANTS: ʁ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i (y) u
e (ø) o
ɛ (œ) ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i (y) e (ø) ɛ (œ)
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ẽ ã õ
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)V(C)
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 1
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6
politeness: 2 intimate/2 polite

SYNTAX: SVO NA/(AN) NG DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5712
LANGUAGE: French Creole
DIALECT: Indian Ocean
LOCATION: Seychelles Is, Mauritius, Reunion Is.
POPULATION: 7.8 million
CLASSIFICA: French-Based Creole
DICTIONARY: Chaudenson, Robert. 1974. Le lexique du parler créole de la Réunion.
OTHERSOURC:

   Corne, Chris. 1969. "Les dialectes créoles français de Maurice et des Seychelles, Esquisse de phonologie, suivie de textes," Te Reo 12, 48-63.
Corne, Chris. 1977. "Notes on Seychelles Creole Phonology," Te Reo 20, 95-110.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
f s
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ʁ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
FRICATIVES: f v s z
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: ʁ
GLIDES: j
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
NASALVOWEL: ẽ ã õ
STRESS: final
DEMONSTRAT: 1
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA/AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5713
LANGUAGE: French Creole
ALTERNATEN: Tay Boi
DIALECT: Vietnam
LOCATION: Vietnam
POPULATION: 7.8 million (extinct)
CLASSIFICA: French-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: Liem, Nguyen Dang. 1979. "Cases and Verbs in Pidgin French (Tay Boi)," in PL A57, 217-46.
CONSONANTS:

    t̪ k
b d̪
f s̪ š
    ɣ
m n̪ ñ
    l̪
    ṛ

STOPS: b t̪ d̪ k
FRICATIVES: f s̪ š ɣ
NASALS: m n̪ ñ
LATERALS: l̪
VIBRANTS: ṛ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ ɤ o
ɛ ɐ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ ɐ a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɤ ɔ
TONES: hi-lev hi-ris lo-lev mid-ris lo-ris
SYNTAX: SVO
NUMBER: 5714
LANGUAGE: Bamboo Spanish
LOCATION: Philippines (Davao)
POPULATION: few
CLASSIFICA: Spanish-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5715
LANGUAGE: Chavacano
DIALECT: Davaueño
LOCATION: SE Philippines (SE Mindanao)
POPULATION: 293,000 (3,000)
CLASSIFICA: Spanish-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: AL 6:8
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d g
    č
    s š h
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s š h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l ʎ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
STRESS: phonemic
NUMBER: 5716
LANGUAGE: Chavacano
DIALECT: Ermitaño
LOCATION: NC Philippines (S Luzon)
POPULATION: 293,000 (nearly extinct)
CLASSIFICA: Spanish-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: AL 6:8
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d g
    č
    s š h
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s š h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l ʎ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
STRESS: phonemic
NUMBER: 5717
LANGUAGE: Chavacano
DIALECT: Zamboangueño
LOCATION: S Philippines (W Mindanao)
POPULATION: 293,000 (155,000)
CLASSIFICA: Spanish-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: AL 6:8
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d g
    č
    s š h
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s š h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l ʎ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
STRESS: phonemic
NUMBER: 5718
LANGUAGE: Chavacano
DIALECT: Caviteño
LOCATION: NC Philippines (S Luzon)
POPULATION: 293,000 (29,000)
CLASSIFICA: Spanish-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: AL 6:8
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    s š h
m n ñ
    l ʎ
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: s š h
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l ʎ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
STRESS: phonemic
NUMBER: 5719
LANGUAGE: Palenquero
LOCATION: Colombia
CLASSIFICA: Spanish-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5720
LANGUAGE: Indo-Portuguese
LOCATION: Sri Lanka
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC:

   Smith, Ian Russell. 1978. "Sri Lanka Creole Portuguese," IJDL 7, 248-406.
Smith, Ian. 1979. "Substrata vs. Universals in the Formation of Sri Lanka Portuguese," in PL A57, 183-200.

CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s
    z
m n ñ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f s z
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ o
æ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e æ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
LONGVOWELS: ī ē ǣ ā ū ō ɔ̄
SYLLABLE: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
STRESS: on final syllable if closed; otherwise penult
NOUNNUMBER: s p
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3mf 6
politeness: 2 3 5 6 have (1) plain and (2) honorific forms

SYNTAX: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: POST
typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-syllable,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-stress,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-stress,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-stress,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasal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