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\data\typol\typology
NUMBER: 5721
LANGUAGE: Macanese
LOCATION: Macao
POPULATION: 4,000
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5722
LANGUAGE: Malacca Creole
LOCATION: Malaysia
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
DICTIONARY: Hancock, Ian F. 1973. "Malacca Creole Portuguese: A Brief Transformational Outline," Te Reo 16, 23-44.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s (š)
    z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f s z (š)
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
DIPHTHONGS: ai au eu iu oi ia iǝ ua ue uǝ
DEMONSTRAT: 3
ARTICLES: indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA/(AN) GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5723
LANGUAGE: Timor Pidgin
LOCATION: Timor Lorosae
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Pidgin
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5724
LANGUAGE: Crioulo
LOCATION: Guinea-Bissau
POPULATION: 159,000
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5725
LANGUAGE: Crioulo
DIALECT: São Tomé
LOCATION: São Tomé e Prı́ncipe
POPULATION: 159,000 (8,000)
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5726
LANGUAGE: Crioulo
LOCATION: Senegal
POPULATION: 159,000 (46,000)
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: Doneux, J. L. n.d. Les systèmes phonologiques des langues de Casamance. Dakar: Centre de Linguistique Appliqué.
CONSONANTS:

   p t c k
b d ɟ ɡ
f s
(v) (z)
m n ñ ŋ
l
r

STOPS: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ
FRICATIVES: f (v) s (z)
NASALS: m n ñ ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
ɛ ɔ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o ɔ
NASALVOWEL: ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃
NUMBER: 5727
LANGUAGE: Fa d'Ambu
ALTERNATEN: Annobonesa
LOCATION: Equatorial Guinea (Annobon Is)
POPULATION: 1,800
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
GRAMMAR: Barrena, Natalio. 1957. Gramatica annobonesa. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b mb d nd ɡ
    č
f s š x (h)
v z ž
m n ñ
    l
    (r)

STOPS: p b mb t d nd k ɡ
AFFRICATES: č
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž x (h)
NASALS: m n ñ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: (r)
GLIDES: j
VOWELS:

   i u
    ʋ
e ǝ o
ɛ
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e ɛ
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u ʋ o
LONGVOWELS: ē ā
NASALVOWEL: ã
DEMONSTRAT: 3
ARTICLES: indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5728
LANGUAGE: Papiamento
LOCATION: Indonesia
POPULATION: 200,000
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
DICTIONARY: Hassell, E. A. 1953. English-Papiamento, Papiamento-English Dictionary. Aruba, Netherlands West Indies: The Lago Oil and Transport Co.
CONSONANTS:

   




NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 3
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SVO NA(AN) GN/NG DND
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5729
LANGUAGE: Cafundo Creole
LOCATION: Brazil
CLASSIFICA: Portuguese-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5730
LANGUAGE: Russo-Norsk
LOCATION: NW Russia
POPULATION: extinct
CLASSIFICA: Russian/Norwegian-Based Pidgin
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5731
LANGUAGE: Naga Pidgin
LOCATION: NE India (Assam)
CLASSIFICA: Assamese-Based Creole
OTHERSOURC: Sreedhar, M. V. 1976. "Standardization of Naga Pidgin," AL 18, 371-9.
CONSONANTS:

   p ph t th k kh
b b̤ d d̤ ɡ ɡ̤
    č čh
 ɡ̌ (ɡ̤̌)
    s š h
m n ŋ
    l
    r

STOPS: p ph b b̤ t th d d̤ k kh ɡ ɡ̤
AFFRICATES: č čh ɡ̌ (ɡ̤̌)
FRICATIVES: s š h
NASALS: m n ŋ
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
NOUNNUMBER: s p
SYNTAX: SOV AN DN NUM-N D+A+N
PREPPOST: POST
NUMBER: 5732
LANGUAGE: Bazaar Malay
LOCATION: Malaysia
CLASSIFICA: Malay-Based Creole
CONSONANTS:

   




NUMBER: 5733
LANGUAGE: Hiri Motu
ALTERNATEN: Police Motu
LOCATION: SE PNG (Central)
POPULATION: 20,000
CLASSIFICA: Motu-Based Pidgin
DICTIONARY: Brett, R. R. 1962. A Dictionary of Police Motu. Port Moresby: SIL.
GRAMMAR: Chatterton, P. 1972. Hiri Motu (Police Motu). Port Moresby: Unevangelized Fields Mission Press.
TEXTBOOKS: Wurm, S. A. and J. B. Harris. 1963. Police Motu. PL 81.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    s h
v
m n
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
FRICATIVES: v s h
NASALS: m n
VIBRANTS: r
VOWELS:

   i u
e o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
DIPHTHONGS: ei ai oi eu au ou
SYLLABLE: (C)V
NOUNNUMBER: s [p]
DEMONSTRAT: 2
PRONOUNS:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

SYNTAX: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num
PREPPOST: POST
COMMENTS: Police Motu is a pigin based on Motu, and is widely spoken in the southern half of PNG. In recent years, however, its use as a lingua franca has been encroached upon by the growing popularity of Melanesian Pidgin English.
NUMBER: 5734
LANGUAGE: Chinook Jargon
LOCATION: Washington
POPULATION: 50
CLASSIFICA: Chinook-Based Pidgin
OTHERSOURC:

   Grant, Rena V. 1945. "Chinook Jargon," IJAL 11, 225-33.
Thomason, Sarah Grey. 1983. "Chinook Jargon in Areal and Historical Context," Lg 59, 820-70.

CONSONANTS:

   p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ kʷ kʔʷq qʔ qʷ qʔʷ ʔ
b d ɡ
    ts tsʔ tlʔ č (čʔ)
    s š x xʷ χ χʷ
m n (ŋ)
    l ɬ
    r

STOPS: p pʔ b t tʔ d k kʔ ɡ kʷ kʔʷ q qʔ qʷ qʔʷ ʔ
AFFRICATES: ts tsʔ tlʔ č (čʔ)
FRICATIVES: s š x xʷ χ χʷ
NASALS: m n (ŋ)
LATERALS: l ɬ
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

   i u
e ǝ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i e
CENTRALVOW: ǝ a
BACKVOWELS: u o
STRESS: phonemic, but mostly word initial
SYNTAX: SVO AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
COMMENTS: "A pidgin used as a lingua franca from northern California to southern Alaska. Based on Chinook, but with Nootka, French and English as major donor languages." Voegelin & Voegelin, p. 116.
NUMBER: 5735
LANGUAGE: Esperanto
CLASSIFICA: Invented by Luding L. Zamenhof in 1887
DICTIONARY: Wells, J.C. 1969. Esperanto and English Dictionary. London: The English Universities Press.
GRAMMAR: Reed. Ivy Kellerman. 1968. Esperanto: A Complete Grammar. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press.
TEXTBOOKS: Klukowski, Stanley A. 1956. Esperanto for Amerians. Milwaukee: Esperanto Institute of America.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    ts č ɡ̌
f s š (x) h
v z ž
m n
    l
    r

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: ts č ɡ̌
FRICATIVES: f v s z š ž (x) h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: r
GLIDES: j
VOWELS:

   i u
ɛ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
DIPHTHONGS: aj ej oj uj aw ew
TONES: penult
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2*
3mfn 6 + indef
*Politeness: 2 pol & 2 intim

SYNTAX: SVO AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
NUMBER: 5736
LANGUAGE: Interlingua
CLASSIFICA: An invented language
DICTIONARY: Gode, Alexander. 1951. Interlingua-English Dictionary. New York: Storm.
GRAMMAR: Gode, Alexander and Hugh E. Blair. 1951. Interlingua. New York: Storm.
CONSONANTS:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    ts
f s (š) h
v z ž
m n
    l
    ɾ

STOPS: p b t d k ɡ
AFFRICATES: ts
FRICATIVES: f v s z (š) ž h
NASALS: m n
LATERALS: l
VIBRANTS: ɾ
GLIDES: j w
VOWELS:

    i u
ɛ o
    a

FRONTVOWEL: i ɛ
CENTRALVOW: a
BACKVOWELS: u o
DIPHTHONGS: aj au
NOUNNUMBER: s p
DEMONSTRAT: 2
ARTICLES: def indef
PRONOUNS:

   1 4
2* 5
3mfn 6mfn + indef
Politeness: 2 pol & 2 intim

SYNTAX: SVO (AN)/NA NG DN NUM-N POSS-N
PREPPOST: PREP
typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-nasalvowel,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-consonants,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-nounnumber,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-vibrants,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-stress,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-comments,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,
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