Grammar:Chatelain, Heli. 1888-89. Grammatica Elementar do Kimbundu. Geneva. [Reprinted 1964 by Gregg Press, Ridgewood, NJ.
TextBooks:DT: Maia, António da Silva. 1964. Lições de Gramática de Quimbundo. Cucujães, Angola.
Consonant system:
p t k mb nd ŋɡ f s š h v nz ñž m n l r
Stops:p mb t nd k ŋɡ
Fricatives:f v s nz š ñž h
Nasals:m n
Laterals:l
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:Nc b d ɡ z ž
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u ɔ
Stress:penult
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:10
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6 3 & 6 vary with noun class
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1002
Language:Sama
Population:9,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Mbundu
Consonant system:
Number:1003
Language:Bolo
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Mbundu
Consonant system:
Number:1004
Language:Songo
Population:15,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Mbundu
Consonant system:
Number:1005
Language:Yaka2
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
Consonant system:
Number:1006
Language:Yaka2
Location:Cameroon
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
Consonant system:
Number:1007
Language:Yaka2
Location:Democratic Republic of Congo
Population:37,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
Grammar:van den Eynde, Karel. 1968. Éléments de grammaire yaka. Kinshasa: Univ Lovanium.
Consonant system:
p ph t̪ t̪h k kh b mb nd̪ ɡ ŋɡ pf t̪s mbv nd̪z f s̪ h v z̪ m n̪ l̪ (r)
Stops:p ph b mb t̪ t̪hnd̪ k kh ɡ ŋɡ
Affricates:pfmbv t̪snd̪z
Fricatives:f v s̪ z̪ h
Nasals:m n̪
Laterals:l̪
Vibrants:(r)
Modified Consonants:Nc b d̪ ɡ bv dz
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Tones:hi lo fall
Syntax:SVO NA
Number:1008
Language:Yaka2
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
Consonant system:
Number:1009
Language:Suku
Population:74,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
Consonant system:
Number:1010
Language:Hungu
Population:66,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
Consonant system:
Number:1011
Language:Mbangala
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
Consonant system:
Number:1012
Language:Sinji
Alternate Name:Shingi
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Yaka
Consonant system:
Number:1013
Language:Hungana
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone H: Hungana
Consonant system:
Number:1014
Language:Nyoro
Dialect:Nyankole, Runyankore, Gungu
Location:Uganda
Population:810,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
Dictionary:Taylor, C. 1959. A Simplified Runyankore-Rukiga-English and English-Runyankore-Rukiga Dictionary. Kampala: The Eagle Press.
TextBooks:Morris, H. F. and B. E. R. Kirwan. 1957. A Runyankore Grammar. Kampala: The Eagle Press.
Consonant system:
(p) t̪ k ɡ mb nd ts č f s š h β v nz ž m n ñ r
Stops:(p) mb t̪ nd k ɡ
Affricates:ts č
Fricatives:β f v s nz š ž h
Nasals:m n ñ
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:
Nc p b t̪ d k ɡ ts č f v s z š ž cj cʷ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:I ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels:ī ē ā ū ō
Diphthongs:ai ei oi
Syllable:(C)V Nˈ
Tones:hi lo
Noun Classes:13
Demonstratives:4: this near at hand-position known/that far away-position known/that some distance away-position unknown (=ref)/that neither present nor previously mentioned
Articles:def
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6 3 & 6 vary with noun class
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+D+A+Num
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1015
Language:Luganda
Alternate Name:Ganda
Location:Uganda
Population:1.6 million
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
Dictionary:
Snoxall, R. A., ed. 1967. Luganda-English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Murphy, John D. 1972. Luganda-English Dictionary. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic Univ of America Press.
TextBooks:
Ashton, E. O., et al. 1954. A Luganda Grammar. London: Longmans. Chesswas, J. D. 1963. The Essentials of Luganda. London: Oxford Univ Press. Kamoga, Frederick K. and Earl W. Stevick. 1968. Luganda Basic Course. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Service Institute.
Other Sources:
Tucker, A. N. 1962. "The Syllable in Luganda: A Prosodic Approach," JAL 1, 122-66. Cole, Desmond T. 1967. Some Features of Ganda Linguistic Structure. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand Univ Press.
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s v z m n n ̃ ŋ l (r)
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Affricates:č ɡ̌
Fricatives:f v s z
Nasals:m n ñ ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:(r)
Modified Consonants:
c̄ all but l j w Nc p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ f v s z cj p b t d k ɡ m n l (r) cʷ p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ s z m n ñ ŋ l (r)
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Syllable:(C)V(C) Nˈ
Tones:hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall downdrift downstep
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:
12
Demonstratives:2 + ref
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3* 6* 3 & 6 vary with noun class
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND/(DN) N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1016
Language:Soga
Population:745,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
Consonant system:
Number:1017
Language:Gwere
Population:162,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
Consonant system:
Number:1018
Language:Nyala
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Nyoro-Luganda
Consonant system:
Number:1019
Language:Karagwe
Alternate Name:Nyambo
Location:Tanzania
Population:4,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Haya-Kwaya
Consonant system:
Number:1020
Language:Haya
Location:Tanzania
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Haya-Kwaya