A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 101

Language: Dan

Location: Liberia

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Southern

Consonant system:

Number: 102

Language: Kweni

Dialect: Guro

Location: Ivory Coast

Population: 210,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Southern

Grammar: Benoist, Jean-Paul. 1969. Grammaire gouro. Lyon: Afrique er Langage.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k kp
b d̪ ɡ ɡb
f s̪
v z̪
m n̪ ñ
    l
    ɾ̣

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ kp ɡb

Fricatives: f v s̪ z̪

Nasals: m n̪ ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ̣

Modified Consonants:

c^j d k ɡ s
cʷ b k s

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i (y) u
I ʋ
e o
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i (y) I e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ʋ o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Nasal Vowels:

ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃
ı̃̄ ɛ̃̄ ã̄ ũ̄ ɔ̄

Diphthongs: diphthonɡs

Syllable: (C)(C)V

Tones: hi mid lo

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 103

Language: Mwa

Location: C Ivory Coast

Population: 4,400

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Southern

Consonant system:

Syntax: SOV

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 104

Language: Nwa

Location: C Ivory Coast

Population: 7,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Southern

Consonant system:

Syntax: SOV

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 105

Language: Tura

Location: W Ivory Coast

Population: 20,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Southern

Grammar: Bearth Thomas. 1971. L'Énoncé toura. SIL 30.

Consonant system:

p t k kʷ kp
b ɓ d ɡ ɡʷ ɡb
f s
v z
m n ŋ
l

Stops: p b ɓ t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ kp ɡb

Fricatives: f v s z

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
I ʋ
e o
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i I e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ʋ o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ ?

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Tones: hi hi-mid lo-mid lo

Noun Number: s p

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 106

Language: Bisa

Location: S Burkina Faso

Population: 127,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Eastern

Grammar: GD: Prost, A. 1950. La langue bisa: Grammaire et dictionnaire. Ouagadougou: IFAN.

Consonant system:

   (p) t c k
b d ɟ ɡ
(f) s h
v z
m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
    l
    r

Stops: (p) b t d c ɟ k ɡ

Fricatives: (f) v s z h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
I ʋ
e ǝ o
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i I e ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u ʋ o

Long Vowels: v̄ ?

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ẽ ã ũ õ

Syllable: CV(C)

Tones: hi mid lo

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 4 (3 + that very far)

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+D

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 107

Language: Bisa

Location: Burkina Faso

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Eastern

Consonant system:

Number: 108

Language: Busa

Location: Benin

Population: 30,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Eastern

Other Sources: WALS

Consonant system:

Syntax: SOV

Number: 109

Language: Sane

Alternate Name: Samo, Seeku

Location: NW Burkina Faso

Population: 128000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Eastern

Other Sources:

Platiel. Suzanne. 1971."Problèmes d'interprétaton des voyelles nasales et des tons modulés en samo," in La dénomination des couleurs chez les mbay de Moı̈ssala, Jean-Pierre Caprile, Paris, SELAF, 102-4.
E

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
f s
    z
m n ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Fricatives: f s z

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ǝ o
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ɛ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃

Syllable: (C)V

Tones: hi mid lo

Syntax: SOV NA GN POSS-N

Number: 110

Language: San

Dialect: Sembla

Location: Burkina Faso

Population: 128,000 (8,000)

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: Mande: Southern-Eastern: Eastern

Grammar: Prost, André. 1971. Éléments de sembla. Lyon: Afrique et Langage.

Consonant system:

   (p) ṭ c k kp
   b ḍ ɟ ɡ (ɡb)
   b^β t̪^s d̪^z
   f s̪
m ṇ ñ ŋ (ŋm)
    (l̪)
    r

Stops: (p) b ṭ ḍ c ɟ k ɡ kp (ɡb)

Affricates: b^β t̪^s d̪^z

Fricatives: f s̪

Nasals: m ṇ ñ ŋ (ŋm)

Laterals: (l̪)

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: ṇ̄ l̄

Glides: j (w)

Vowel system:

i u
e (ǝ) o
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: (ǝ) a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels:

v̄ all but ɔ

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ all but ɛ ɔ
v̄̃ all but ɛ ɔ

Syllable: CV

Tones: hi hi-fall hi-mid hi-mid-fall lo-mid lo-mid-fall lo lo-ris

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 1

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN/ND N-NUM POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 111

Language: Bijago

Location: Guinea-Bissau (Bijago Islands)

Population: 10,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic

Consonant system:

Number: 112

Language: Fula

Alternate Name: Fulani

Dialect: Adamawa

Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)

Population: 8 million

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Senegal

Dictionary:

Taylor, F. W. 1932. A Fulani-English Dictionary. London: Oxford Univ Press.
Dictionnaire élémentaire fulfulde-français-English. 1971. Niamey, Nigeria : Regional Documentation Centre for Oral Tradition.

Grammar:

Stennes, Leslie H. 1967. A Reference Grammar of Adamawa Fulani. East Lansing: African Studies Center, Michigan State Univ.
GD: Klingenheben, August. 1963. Die Sprache der Ful. Hamburg: J. J. Augustin.
Labouret, H. 1952. La langue des Peuls ou Foulbé. Dakar: IFAN.
Taylor, F. W. 1953. A Grammar of the Adamawa Dialect of the Fulani Language. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Other Sources:

Stennes, Leslie H. 1961. An Introduction to Fulani Syntax. HSL 2.
Stennes, Leslie Herman. 1969. The Identification of Participants in Adamawa Fulani. HSL 24.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
ɸ s h
β (z)
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: ɸ β s (z) h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄
^Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌

Glides: j (^ʔj) w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
e o
ɐ

Front Vowels: I e

Central Vowels: ɐ

Back Vowels: ʋ o

Long Vowels: ī ɛ̄ ā ū ɔ̄

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: CV(C)

Stress: root initial

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: 19 (5 pl)

Demonstratives: 2 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
3 & 6 vary with noun class

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 113

Language: Fula

Alternate Name: Fulani

Dialect: Gombe

Location: EC Nigeria (North-Eastern)

Population: 8 million

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Senegal

Grammar: Arnott, D. W. 1970. The Nominal and Verbal System of Fula. Fair Lawn, NJ: Oxford Univ. Press.

Other Sources: Arnott, D. W. 1969. "Fula," in TNL, 57-71.

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ ʔ^j b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    (č)
    ɡ̌
f s
m n ñ (ŋ)
    l
    r

Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ ʔ^j

Affricates: (č) ɡ̌

Fricatives: f s

Nasals: m n ñ (ŋ)

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄ all but fricatives,^ñ̃ɡ̌, ŋ
^Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
ɛ ɐ ɔ

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: ɐ

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Diphthongs: diphthonɡs

Syllable: CV(C)

Syntax: SVO

Number: 114

Language: Serer

Location: Senegal

Population: 300,000

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Senegal

Consonant system:

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: noun classes

Syntax: NG N-NUM

Number: 115

Language: Wolof

Location: Senegal

Population: 2 million

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Senegal

Dictionary:

Kobès, A. 1923. Dictionnare wolof-français. Dakar: Mission Catholique.
Guy-Grand, V. J. 1923. Dictionnaire français-volof. Dakar: Mission Catholique.

Grammar: Diagne, Pathé. 1971. Grammaire de wolof moderne. Paris: Présence Africaine.

TextBooks:

Nussbaum, Loren V., William W. Gage and Daniel Varre. 1970. Dakar Wolof: A Basic Course. Washington, D.C.: CAL.
Nussbaum, Loren and Jean Doneux. 1975. Jangum Wolof. Dakar: Centre de Linguistique Appliqée.

Consonant system:

   p t c k
b d ɟ ɡ
f s x (h)
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ

Fricatives: f s x (h)

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄ all but f s r
^Nc p b t d c ɟ k ɡ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

I ʋ
e ǝ o
ɛ ɐ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: I e ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ ɐ a

Back Vowels: ʋ o ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ē ɛ̄ ā ū ō ɔ̄

Modified Vowels: vowel harmony

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: 8

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND NUM-N POSS-N [1 2 4 5 6]/(N-POSS [3])

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 116

Language: Wolof

Dialect: Dyolof

Location: Senegal

Population: 2 million

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Senegal

Grammar: Sauvageot, Serge. 1965. Description synchronique d'un dialecte wolof: le parler du Dyolof. Dakar: IFAN.

Consonant system:

   p t c k q
b d ɟ ɡ
f s χ
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ q

Fricatives: f s χ

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄ b ɟ m n l

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e ø
ɛ ɔ
a

Front Vowels: i e ø ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ɔ

Long Vowels: ī ē ɛ̄ ā ū ō ɔ̄

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

Stress: initial

Noun Number: s p

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND NUM-N POSS-N [1 2 4 5 6]/(N-POSS [3])

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 117

Language: Falor

Alternate Name: Palor

Location: Senegal

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Cangin

Other Sources: E

Consonant system:

Syntax: SVO

Number: 118

Language: Lehar

Location: Senegal

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Cangin

Other Sources: E

Consonant system:

Syntax: SVO

Number: 119

Language: Ndut

Location: Senegal

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Cangin

Other Sources: WALS

Consonant system:

Syntax: SVO

Number: 120

Language: Non

Alternate Name: Noon

Location: Senegal

Classification: Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: West Atlantic: Northern: Cangin

Other Sources: WALS

Consonant system:

Syntax: SVO