Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi
Dictionary:
Bonneau, H. 1950. Dictionnaire français-kirundi, kirundi-français. Usumbura. Rodegem, F. M. 1970. Dictionnaire rundi-français. Tervuren: Annales du Musée Royal de L'Afrique Centrale. Cox, Elizabeth E. n.d. Dictionary Kirundi-English, English-Kirundi. Chicago: Irvin L. Young Foundation.
Grammar:
Meeussen, A. E. 1959. "Essai de grammaire rundi," Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Linguistique, vol 24, 9-15. Rodegem, F. M. 1967. Précis de grammaire rundi. Brussels: E. Story-Scientia.
Other Sources:Bouquiaux, Luc. 1973. "Quelques réflexions sur le système phonologique du rundi," in Problèmes de phonologie, Paris, SELAF, 113-9.
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ pf ts č f s š h v z ž m n ñ r
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Affricates:pf ts č
Fricatives:f v s z š ž h
Nasals:m n ñ
Vibrants:r
Modified Consonants:
Nc p b t d k ɡ f v s z š šj ž žj pf ts č čj cj t č v š ž m n r cʷ b t d k ɡ ts č f s š h m n r ž
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Tones:hi lo hi-fall ris-fall
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:10
Demonstratives:3 + ref
Pronouns:
1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 3, 6d & 6 vary with noun class
Syntax:SVO NA NG DN N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1042
Language:Shubi
Population:74,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi
Consonant system:
Number:1043
Language:Hangaza
Population:54,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi
Consonant system:
Number:1044
Language:Vinza
Population:3,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone J: Rwanda-Rundi
Consonant system:
Number:1045
Language:Yeci
Location:Angola
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Holu
Consonant system:
Number:1046
Language:Holu
Location:Angola
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Holu
Consonant system:
Number:1047
Language:Chokwe
Alternate Name:Guioca
Location:Democratic Republic of Congo
Population:1 million
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Grammar:Santos, Eduardo dos. 1962. Elementos de Gramática Guioca. Lisbon: Agência Geral do Ultramar.
Other Sources:Martins, João Vicente. 1951. Subsı́dios Etnográficos para a História dos Povos de Angola. Lisbon: Agência Geral do Ultramar.
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š h v z ž m n ñ l ɾ
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Affricates:č ɡ̌
Fricatives:f v s z š ž h
Nasals:m n ñ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:ɾ
Modified Consonants:Nc b d ɡ v z ž
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Stress:penult
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:12 (rational beings, trees, abstract nouns, verbs used as nouns)
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1048
Language:Luimbi
Location:Angola
Population:500
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Dictionary:Baião, Domingos Vieira. 1939. Dicionário Ganguela-Portugês. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filológicos.
Grammar:Baião, Domingos Vieira. 1938. Elementos de Gramática Ganguela. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filológicos.
Consonant system:
p t k mb nd ŋɡ ts č ndzñɡ̌ (θ) s h v z m n ñ l
Stops:p mb t nd k ŋɡ
Affricates:tsndz č ñɡ̌
Fricatives:v (θ) s z h
Nasals:m n ñ
Laterals:l
Modified Consonants:Nc p b t d k ɡ ts dz ɡ̌
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i ɛ
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u ɔ
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Noun Number:s p
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1049
Language:Luchazi
Alternate Name:Lucazi
Population:60,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Other Sources:WALS
Consonant system:
Syntax:SVO
Number:1050
Language:Lwena
Alternate Name:Luvale
Location:E Angola (Moxico)
Population:90,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Dictionary:Horton, A. E. 1953. A Dictionary of Luvale. El Monte, CA: Rahn Brothers Printing.
Grammar:
Horton, A. E. 1949. A Grammar of Luvale. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand Univ Press. White, C. M. N. 1949. A Short Lwena Grammar. London: Longmans.
Consonant system:
p t̪ k mb nd̪ ŋɡ č ñɡ̌ f s̪ š h v z̪ ž m n̪ ñ ŋ ľ̪
Stops:p mb t̪ nd̪ k ŋɡ
Affricates:č ñɡ̌
Fricatives:f v s̪ z̪ š ž h
Nasals:m n̪ ñ ŋ
Laterals:ľ̪
Modified Consonants:
cj p v h m l cʷ p mb t nd k ŋɡ f v s h m n ñ l
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Long Vowels:v̄ all
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Syllable:(C)(G)V
Tones:hi hi-mid lo-mid lo
Stress:penult
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:10 (persons, trees, liquids, body parts, inanimate)
Demonstratives:4 (3 + this here)
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6 3 & 6 vary with noun class
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1051
Language:Mbuunda
Population:25,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Consonant system:
Number:1052
Language:Nyengo
Population:5,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Consonant system:
Number:1053
Language:Mbwela
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Consonant system:
Number:1054
Language:Nkangala
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Consonant system:
Number:1055
Language:Ngangela
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Chokwe-Luchazi
Consonant system:
Number:1056
Language:Salampasu
Population:60,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Salampasu-Ndembo
Consonant system:
Number:1057
Language:Ndembo
Location:Zambia
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Salampasu-Ndembo
Consonant system:
Number:1058
Language:Ruund
Alternate Name:Lunda
Location:Democratic Republic of Congo
Population:82,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Salampasu-Ndembo
Other Sources:WALS
Consonant system:
Syntax:SVO
Number:1059
Language:Luyi
Alternate Name:Luyana
Location:SW Zambia (Western)
Population:50,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Kwangwa
Grammar:
Jacottet, E. 1896. Études sur les langues du Haut-Zambèze. Paris: Ernest Leroux. Givón, Talmy. 1970. The Si-Luyana Language. Lusaka, Zambia: Insitute for Social Research, Univ of Zambia.
Consonant system:
p t̪ k mb nd̪ ŋɡ č (ñɡ̌) f s̪ β m n̪ ñ ŋ l̪
Stops:p mb t̪ nd̪ k ŋɡ
Affricates:č (ñɡ̌)
Fricatives:β f s̪
Nasals:m n̪ ñ ŋ
Laterals:l̪
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Modified Vowels:vowel harmony
Syllable:(C)(G)V
Stress:penult
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:9 (6 pl)
Demonstratives:4 (3 + close to both speaker & hearer)
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1060
Language:Mbowe
Location:SW Zambia (Western)
Population:5,500
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone K: Kwangwa