Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Bisa-Lamba
Grammar:GD: Madan, A.C. 1906. Wisa Handbook. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Consonant system:
p t k mb nd ŋɡ č ñ̃ɡ̌ f s βʷ v z m n ŋ l
Stops:p mb t nd k ŋɡ
Affricates:č ñ̃ɡ̌
Fricatives:βʷ f v s z
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Modified Consonants:Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌
Glides:j
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:i e
Central Vowels:a
Back Vowels:u o
Stress:penult
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:10
Demonstratives:3 + ref
Articles:def
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6 2=3
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1102
Language:Lala
Population:64,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Bisa-Lamba
Consonant system:
Number:1103
Language:Swaka
Population:12,500
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Bisa-Lamba
Consonant system:
Number:1104
Language:Lamba
Location:Togo
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Bisa-Lamba
Consonant system:
Number:1105
Language:Lamba
Population:75,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Bisa-Lamba
Consonant system:
Number:1106
Language:Seba
Population:7,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Bisa-Lamba
Consonant system:
Number:1107
Language:Lenje
Population:33,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Lenje-Tonga
Consonant system:
Number:1108
Language:Soli
Population:13,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Lenje-Tonga
Consonant system:
Number:1109
Language:Ila
Location:Zambia
Population:130,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Lenje-Tonga
Grammar:GD: Smith, Edwin W. 1907. A Handbook of the Ila Language. Oxford. [Reprinted 1964 by Gregg Press, Ridgewood, NJ]
Consonant system:
p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š h v vh z ž m n ŋ l (r)
Stops:p b t d k ɡ
Affricates:č ɡ̌
Fricatives:f v vh s z š ž h
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:(r)
Modified Consonants:
Nc p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ f vh s z š cj cʷ
Glides:j w
Vowel system:
Front Vowels:I ɛ æ
Back Vowels:ʋ o ɔ
Long Vowels:ī ē ā ū ō
Diphthongs:ai oi
Syllable:(C)V
Noun Number:s p
Noun Classes:9
Demonstratives:3
Pronouns:
1 4 2 5 3 6 2=3 3 & 6 vary with noun class
Syntax:SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post:PREP
Number:1110
Language:Tonga1
Population:90,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Lenje-Tonga
Consonant system:
Number:1111
Language:Tonga1
Location:Zambia
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone M: Lenje-Tonga
Consonant system:
Number:1112
Language:Manda
Population:10,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone N: Manda
Consonant system:
Number:1113
Language:Matengo
Population:58,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone N: Manda
Consonant system:
Number:1114
Language:Mpoto
Population:58,000
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone N: Manda
Consonant system:
Number:1115
Language:Tonga2
Location:Malawi
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone N: Manda
Consonant system:
Number:1116
Language:Tumbuka
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone N: Tumbuka
Consonant system:
Number:1117
Language:Nyanja
Alternate Name:Chichewa
Location:Malawi
Population:1 million
Classification:Niger-Kordofanian: Niger-Congo: South Central: Eastern: Benue-Zambesi: Nyima: Wel: Bantoid: Broad Bantu: Narrow Bantu: Central: Zone N: Nyanja
Dictionary:
English-Cinyanja Dictionary. n.d. London: United Society for Christian Literature. Scott, David Clement. 1929. Dictionary of the Nyanja Language. London: United Society for Christian Literature. Dicionário Cinyanja-Português. 1963. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar. Dicionário Portugês-Cinyanja. 1964. Lisbon: Junta de Investigaçõs do Ultramar.
Grammar:
Elementos de Gramática Cinyanja. 1964. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar.
TextBooks:
Thomoson, T. D. 1955. A practical Approach to Chinyanja. Zomba, Malawi: Government Printer. Price, Thomas. 1966. The Elements of Nyanja for English-Speaking Students. Blantyre, Malawi: The Synod Bookshop.
Consonant system:
p ph t th k kh b d ɡ ts č dz ɡ̌ f s (h) v z m n ŋ l (r)
Stops:p ph b t th d k kh ɡ
Affricates:ts dz č ɡ̌
Fricatives:f v s z (h)
Nasals:m n ŋ
Laterals:l
Vibrants:(r)
Modified Consonants:Nc p b t d k ɡ ts č ɡ̌ f v s z