A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 1224

Language: Shilluk

Location: SE Sudan

Population: 110,000

Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern

Dictionary: Heasty, J. A. 1937. English-Shilluk, Shilluk-English Dictionary. Dolieb Hill, Sudan: The American Mission.

Grammar:

Westermann, Diedrich. 1912a. A Short Grammar of the Shilluk Language. Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.
GD: Kohnen, B. 1933. Shilluk Grammar. Verona: Missioni Africane.

Other Sources: Westermann, Diedrich. 1912b. THe Shilluk People: Their Language and Folklore. Philadelphia: Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. [Reprinted 1971 by Negro Universities Press, Westport, Connecticut]

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f θ
ð ɣ
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f θ ð ɣ

Nasals: m n̪ n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all?

Modified Vowels:

i̤ e̤ ǝ̤ a̤ ṳ o̤
v̤̄ all?

Diphthongs: ai au ɔi ei

Syllable: Nˈ

Tones: hi mid lo

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1225

Language: Anuak

Alternate Name: Päri

Location: SW Ethiopia

Population: 56,000

Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Northern

Grammar: Lusted, Marie. 1976. "Anywa," in NSLE, 495-512.

Other Sources:

Ohman, Walter A. et al. 1976. "Three Other Ethiopian Languages," in LE.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p^h t^h k^h
b d ɡ
    t^θ č
    d^ð ɡ̌
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p^h b t^h d k^h ɡ

Affricates: t^θ d^ð č ɡ̌

Nasals: m n̪ n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: cʷ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels:

i̤ a̤ o̤ (breathy)
ī̤ ɛ̤̄ ā̤ ō̤

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Tones: hi lo

Stress: on stem syllable

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: OVS/(SOV [in non-present tenses of the applicative aspect]) NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+D+Num

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1235

Language: Luo

Location: SW Kenya

Population: 1.5 million

Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern

Grammar: Gregersen, Edgar. 1961. Luo: A Grammar. New Haven: Yale Univ Press.

TextBooks: Stafford, R. L. 1967. An Elementary Luo Grammar. Nairobi: Oxford Univ Press.

Other Sources: LA

Consonant system:

   p t k (ʔ)
b d ɡ
   t^θ č
   d^ð ɡ̌
f s h
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ (ʔ)

Affricates: t^θ d^ð č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f s h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels:

vowel harmony
i̤ e̤ ɐ̤ ṳ o̤ v̤̄ all ?

Tones: hi-ris lo-fall downstep

Stress: phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1236

Language: Alur

Location: NW Uganda

Population: 200,000

Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern

Dictionary:

Vanneste, M. 1940. Woordenboek van de Alur-taal. Mahagi, Zaire.
Ukoko, Joseph, Jan Knappert and Marcel van Spaandonck. 1964. Essai de dictionnaire dho alur. Ghent: Univ of Ghent.

Grammar: GD: Ringe, P. C. n.d. A Simple Alur Grammar and Alur-English-Alur Vocabularies. Kampala: Eagle Language Studies.

Other Sources:

Knappert, J. 1963. "The Verb in Dhó-Álúr," JAL 2, 101-27.
LA

Consonant system:

   p t̪ t k (kp) (ʔ)
b ɓ d̪ d ɗ ɡ (ɡɓ)
    č
    ɡ̌
f s h
v z
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b ɓ t̪ d̪ t d ɗ k ɡ (kp) (ɡɓ) (ʔ)

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f v s z h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Modified Vowels:

vowel harmony
Ḭ ɛ̰ ʋ̰ ɔ̰ (creaky)

Syllable: Nˈ lˈ rˈ

Tones: hi lo downstep

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6 + indef

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1238

Language: Acholi

Alternate Name: Akoli

Location: N Uganda

Population: 440,000

Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Luo: Southern

Dictionary:

Savage, G. A. R. 1955. A Short Acoli-English and English-Acoli Vocabulary. Kampala: The Eagle Press.
Malandra, Alfred. 1957. English-Lwoo Dictionary. Verona: Nigrizia.

Grammar:

GD: Crazzolara, J. P. 1955. A Study of the Acooli Language. London: Oxford Univ Press.
Malandra, Alfred. 1955. A New Acholi Grammar. Kamapala: The Eagle Press.

TextBooks: Savage, G. A. R. 1956. The Essentials of Lwo (Acoli). Kampala: East African Literature Bureau.

Other Sources: LA

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b d (ḍ) ɡ
p^f t^r č
b^v ɡ̌
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d (ḍ) k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: p^f b^v t^r č ɡ̌

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all?

Modified Vowels: i̤ e̤ ɐ̤ ṳ o̤

Diphthongs: diphthongs

Tones: hi lo downstep

Noun Number: s (p) (a few plurals for kinship terms)

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1239

Language: Nuer

Dialect: Western

Location: SE Sudan

Population: 350,000

Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Dinka-Nuer

Dictionary:

Huffman, Ray. 1929. Nuer-English Dictionary. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
Huffman, Ray. 1931. English-Nuer Dictionary. London: Oxford Univ Press.

Grammar: Crazzolara, J. P. 1933. Outlines of a Nuer Grammar. Vienna: Anthropos.

Other Sources:

Westermann, Diedrich. 1912. "The Nuer Language," Sonderabdruck aus den Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen 15:3, 48-141.
LA

Consonant system:

   p t̪ t c k
b d̪ d ɟ ɡ
    ʁ
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ

Fricatives: ʁ

Nasals: m n̪ n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j j̤ w w̤

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u ʋ o ɔ

Long Vowels: v̄ all?

Modified Vowels:

v̤ all + ǝ
v̤̄ all?
Vowels show a contrast between hard voice (v) and breathy, hollow voice v̤).

Diphthongs: ɛa ɔa

Tones: hi mid lo fall

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3 + ref

Pronouns:

1 (4di) 4ie
2 5
3 6
4di does not occur in independent pronouns

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

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