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\data\typol\typology
Number: 1241
Language: Agar
Location: S Sudan
Population: 16,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Dinka-Nuer
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1242
Language: Bor2
Location: S Sudan
Population: 24,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Dinka-Nuer
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system:

   p t̪ t c k
b d̪ d ɟ ɡ
    ʁ
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d c ɟ k ɡ
Fricatives: ʁ
Nasals: m n̪ n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j j̤ w w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u ʋ o ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Modified Vowels:

   v̤ all
v̤̄ all

Tones: hi mid lo
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 3
Articles: def
Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO/(SOV [with aux]) NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 1243
Language: Padang
Location: S Sudan
Population: 52,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Dinka-Nuer
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1244
Language: Rek
Dialect: Malual
Location: S Sudan
Population: 40,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Dinka-Nuer
Dictionary: Nebel, A. 1936. Dinka Dictionary. Verona: Missioni Africane.
Grammar: Nebel, A. 1948. Dinka Grammar. Verona: Missioni Africane.
Consonant system:

   p t̪ t k
b d̪ d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
    ɣ
m n̪ n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ t d k ɡ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: ɣ
Nasals: m n̪ n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Modified Vowels: v̤ (breathy) all?
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO/(SOV) NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 1245
Language: Kumam
Location: Uganda
Population: 100,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Western: Dinka-Nuer
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1246
Language: Bari
Location: N Uganda
Population: 226,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Bari
Dictionary: Muratori, F. C., ed. 1948. English-Bari-Lotuxo-Acoli Vocabulary. Okaru: Catholic Mission Printing Press.
Grammar: Spagnolo, L. M. 1933. Bari Grammar. Verona: Missioni Africane.
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ʄ ɡ ɠ ɡʷ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š
m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
    l
    r

Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ ʄ k ɡ ɠ kʷ ɡʷ ʔ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f s š
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ ŋʷ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j ʔj w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: I ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ
Modified Vowels:

   vowel harmony
i̤ e̤ ɐ̤ ṳ o̤ (hard voice (v) vs. hollow breathy voice v̤)

Tones: hi mid lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f
Demonstratives: 3
Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3cf 6
3 has 2 forms: 3(masc or fem) & 3f

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND/DN N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 1247
Language: Kakwa
Location: NW Ugunda
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Bari
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1248
Language: Lotuxo
Location: SE Sudan
Population: 66,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Lotuxo-Teso: Lotuxo-Maa
Dictionary: Muratori, F. C., ed. 1948. English-Bari-Lotuxo-Acoli Vocabulary. Okaru: Catholic Mission Printing Press.
Grammar: Muratori, Carlo. 1938. Grammatica Lotuxo. Verona: Missioni Africane.
Other Sources:

   LA
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
ɓ ɗ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
ɸ s x
β
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p ɓ t ɗ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: ɸ β s x
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: c̄ all?
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: I ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ
Modified Vowels:

   vowel harmony
i̤ e̤ ɐ̤ ṳ o̤ (hard voice (v) vs. hollow breathy voice (n̤))

Tones: hi mid lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f
Demonstratives: 3 + ref
Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO NA/(AN) NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 1249
Language: Ongamo
Alternate Name: Ngasa
Location: Tanzania
Population: 1,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Lotuxo-Teso: Lotuxo-Maa
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1250
Language: Maasai
Location: SW Kenya
Population: 210,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Lotuxo-Teso: Lotuxo-Maa
Grammar: GD: Tucker, A. N. and J. Tompo Ole Mpaayei. A Maasai Grammar (with Vocabulary). London: Longmans, Green & Co.
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system:

   p t k
ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ
    č
f s š
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ r̥

Stops: p ɓ t ɗ ʄ k ɠ
Affricates: č
Fricatives: f s š
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: ɾ r̥
Modified Consonants:

   c̄ all
Nc p ɓ t ɗ ʄ k ɠ č

Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: I ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Modified Vowels:

    i̤ e̤ ṳ o̤
v̤̄ all
Vowels have a contrast between hard voice (v) and hollow breathy voice (v̤).

Tones: hi mid lo fall downstep downdrift
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f
Demonstratives: 3 + ref
Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO NA/(AN) NG DN/ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 1251
Language: Karamojong
Location: NE Uganda
Population: 200,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Lotuxo-Teso: Teso-Turkana
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system:

   




Tones: hi mid lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f
Syntax: VSO NA/(AN) NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Number: 1252
Language: Topotha
Alternate Name: Toposo
Location: SE Sudan
Population: 40,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Lotuxo-Teso: Teso-Turkana
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system:

   




Tones: hi mid lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f n
Demonstratives: 4 ( 3 + near both speaker and hearer)
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Number: 1253
Language: Turkana
Location: NW Kenya
Population: 200,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Lotuxo-Teso: Teso-Turkana
Other Sources: LA
Consonant system:

   




Tones: hi mid lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f
Syntax: VSO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Number: 1254
Language: Teso
Location: EC Uganda (Teso)
Population: 830,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Eastern: Lotuxo-Teso: Teso-Turkana
Dictionary: Hilders, J. H. and J. C. D. Lawrence. 1958. An English-Ateso and Ateso-English Vocabulary. Kampala: The Eagle Press.
TextBooks: Hilders, J. H. and J. C. D. Lawrence. 1957. An Introduction to the Ateso Language. Kampala: The Eagle Press.
Consonant system:

   p t k
ɓ ɗ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
    s
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p ɓ t ɗ k ɡ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: s
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: I ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all?
Modified Vowels:

    i̤ e̤ ṳ o̤ v̤̄ all? Vowels have a contrast between hard voice (v) and hollow breathy voice (v̤).

Diphthongs: ai oi
Tones: hi lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f n
Demonstratives: 3
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO/(SVO [negative]) NA/(AN) NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 1255
Language: Nandi
Alternate Name: Kalenjin
Location: Kenya
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Southern: Kalenjin: Nandi-Markweta
Other Sources:

   WALS
WPF

Consonant system:

   




Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO
Number: 1256
Language: Kipsikiis
Alternate Name: Kipsigis
Location: SW Kenya
Population: 160,000
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Southern: Kalenjin: Nandi-Markweta
Other Sources:

   Tucker, A. N. and M. A. Bryan. 1964. "Noun Classification in Kalenjin: Nandi-Kipsigis," ALS 5, 192-247.
LA

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
    č
    s
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p t̪ k
Affricates: č
Fricatives: s
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: I ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Modified Vowels:

   vowel harmony
i̤ e̤ ṳ o̤ ɑ̤
v̤̄ all
Vowels have a contrast between hard voice (v) and hollow breathy voice (v̤).

Tones: hi mid lo fall
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 3
Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Number: 1257
Language: Keiyo
Location: Kenya
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Southern: Kalenjin: Nandi-Markweta
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1258
Language: Tuken
Location: Kenya
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Southern: Kalenjin: Nandi-Markweta
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1259
Language: Markweta
Alternate Name: Endo
Location: Kenya
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Southern: Kalenjin: Nandi-Markweta
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1260
Language: Sapiny
Alternate Name: Sebei
Location: Uganda
Classification: Nilo-Saharan: East Sudanic: Nilotic: Southern: Kalenjin: Elgon
Other Sources: WALS
Consonant system:

   




Syntax: VSO
typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-textbooks,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-diphthongs,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-modifiedvo,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,
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