A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 1326

Language: Tamahaq

Dialect: Ahaggar

Location: S Algeria

Population: 200,000 (10,000)

Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Tuareg

Dictionary: Cortade, Jean-Marie. 1967. Lexique français-touareg. Algiers: Arts et Métiers Graphiques.

Grammar:

Prasse, Karl-G. 1972-74. Manuel de grammaire touaregue, 3 vols.
Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.

Consonant system:

    t̪ k q (ʔ)
b d̪ ɟ ɡ
f s̪ š χ h
    z̪ ž ʁ
m n̪ ñ
    l̪
    r

Stops: b t̪ d̪ ɟ k ɡ q (ʔ)

Fricatives: f s̪ z̪ š ž χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n̪ ñ

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄ all
c^ɒ t d z

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: ǝ ɐ

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all but ǝ ɐ v̄̄ (overlonɡ) all but ǝ ɐ

Syllable: (C)V(C)

Stress: non-phonemic

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4mf
2mf 5mf
3mf 6mf

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1329

Language: Zenaga

Location: SW Mauritania

Population: 16,000

Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Western

Grammar: Nicolas, F. 1953. La langue berbère de Mauritanie. Dakar: IFAN.

Consonant system:

    t k q
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f θ s š h
ð z ž ɣ (ʕ)
m n ñ
    l
    r

Stops: b t d k ɡ q

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f θ ð s z š ž ɣ (ʕ) h

Nasals: m n ñ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄
c^ɒ t d k θ ð s z l r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɔ

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4mf
2mf 5mf
3mf 6mf

Syntax: VSO/SVO NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1330

Language: Shilha

Location: SW Morocco

Population: 3 million

Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Atlas

Grammar: Applegate, Joseph R. 1958. An Outline of the Structure of Shilha. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.

Other Sources: Nakano, Aki'o. 1976. Dialogues in Moroccan Shilha. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo Univ.

Consonant system:

    t k q (ʔ)
b d ɡ
m n
    l
    r

Stops: b t d k ɡ q (ʔ)

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄ all but c^ɒ and ɡlides
c^ɒ t d k s z l r
cʷ k ɡ q χ ʁ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u

Stress: final

Syntax: VSO NA

Comments: Men, but not women, are bilingual in Arabic.

Number: 1331

Language: Tamazight

Dialect: Ayt Ayache

Location: C Morocco

Population: 2 million

Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Atlas

Dictionary: Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1971a. A Computerized Lexicon of Tamazight. Ann Arbor: Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, Univ of Michigan.

Grammar: Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1971b. A Reference Grammar of Tamazight. Ann Arbor: Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, Univ of Michigan.

TextBooks: Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1971c. A Course in Spoken Tamazight. Ann Arbor: Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, Univ of Michigan.

Other Sources: Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. 1968. Tamazight Verb Structure. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.

Consonant system:

    t̪^h k̄ q qʷ ʔ
b d̪ ɡ̄
m n
    l̪
    ɾ

Stops: b t̪^h d̪ k̄ ɡ̄ q qʷ ʔ

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants:

c̄ most
c^ɒ t d s z l ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: m f

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2mf 5mf
3mf 6mf

Syntax: VSO/(SVO) NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1332

Language: Tamazight

Dialect: Ait Ndhir

Location: C Morocco

Population: 2 million

Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Atlas

Grammar:

Willms, Alfred. 1972. Grammatik der südlichen Beraberdialekte. Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin.
Penchoen, Thomas G. 1973. Tamazight of the Ayt Ndhir. Los Angeles: Undena.

Other Sources: Harries, Jeanette. 1970. "A Berber Tanšhat: In a Tamazight Dialect," BSOAS 33, 308-21.

Consonant system:

    t̪ k kʷ q
b d̪ ɡ ɡ̄ʷ
    č̄
    ɡ̌̄
m n̪
    l
    r

Stops: b t̪ d̪ k kʷ ɡ ɡ̄ʷ q

Affricates: č̄ ɡ̌̄

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄ all but θ x xʷ β ð ɣ ɣʷ ʁ j w (č ɡ̌ ɡʷ are always lonɡ)
c^ɒ t ð (s) z r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i æ

Central Vowels: (ǝ)

Back Vowels: u

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2 + ref

Pronouns:

1 4
2mf 5mf
3mf 6mf

Syntax: VSO NA NG DN/ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 1333

Language: Kabyle

Location: N Algeria

Population: 1 million

Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Berber: Northern: Kabyle

Dictionary: Newmen, Francis William. 1887. Kabail Vocabulary. London: Trübner.

Grammar:

Hanoteau, Adolphe. 1906. Essai de grammaire kabyle. Algiers. [Reprinted 1976 by Philo Press, Amsterdam.]
Hanouz, S. 1968. Grammaire berbère. Paris: Klincksieck.

TextBooks:

Saı̈d, Boulifa S. A.1910. Une première année de langue kabyle. Algiers: Adolphe Tourdan.
Vincennes, Louis de and J.-M. Dallet. 1960. Initiation à la langue berbère (Kabylie). Fort-Nationale, Algeria: Fichier de documentation berbère.

Consonant system:

    t k kʷ q
b d ɡ ɡʷ
    t^s č
    d^z ɡ̌
m n
    l
    r

Stops: b t d k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ q

Affricates: t^s d^z č ɡ̌

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants:

c̄
c^ɒ t d s z r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2 + ref

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2mf 5mf
3mf 6mf

Syntax: VSO NA NG ND NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP

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