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\data\typol\typology
Number: 1381
Language: Kajakse
Location: Chad
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Dangla
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1382
Language: Kujarge
Location: Chad
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Dangla
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1383
Language: Toram
Location: Chad
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Dangla
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1384
Language: Sokoro
Location: SW Chad (C Guera)
Population: 8,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Sokoro
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1385
Language: Barain
Location: Chad
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Sokoro
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1386
Language: Saba
Location: Chad
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: East: Group B: Sokoro
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1387
Language: Tera
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 50,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Tera
Grammar: Newman, Paul. 1970. A Grammar of Tera. UCPL 57.
Other Sources: Newman, Paul. 1964. "A Word List of Tera," JWAL 1:2, 33-50.
Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ
b mb ɓ d nd ɗ ʄ ɡ ɡʷ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ ɠ
    č
    ɡ̌ ñɡ̌
f s š x xʷ
v z ž ɣ ɣʷ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

Stops: p b mb ɓ t d nd ɗ ʄ k kʷ ɡ ɡʷ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ ɠ
Affricates: č ɡ̌ ñɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž x xʷ ɣ ɣʷ
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ ɮ
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: cj p ɓ v
Glides: j (w)
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Tones: hi mid lo
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2 + ref
Articles: def indef
Pronouns:

   1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 1388
Language: Jara
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 40,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Tera
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1389
Language: Ga'anda
Location: E Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 10,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Tera
Other Sources: Newman, Roxana Ma. 1971. "Downstep in Ga'anda," JAL 10, 15-27.
Consonant system:

   p t k kʷ
mb ɓ nd ɗ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ
    č
ñɡ̌
f s š x xʷ
m n ŋ
    l ɬ
    r

Stops: p mb ɓ t nd ɗ k kʷ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ
Affricates: č ñɡ̌
Fricatives: f s š x xʷ
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: cʷ k ŋɡ x
Glides: j ʔj w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Syllable: (C)V(C)
Tones: hi mid lo (ris) (fall) downstep downdrift
Noun Number: s p
Articles: def
Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 1390
Language: Hona
Location: Nigeria
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Tera
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1391
Language: Bura
Dialect: Pabir
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 100,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Other Sources: STAL
Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ž ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: ts dz č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž x ɣ h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ ɮ
Vibrants: r
Glides: j ʔj w ʔw
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Tones: hi lo
Number: 1392
Language: Chibak
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 20,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1393
Language: Putai
Location: Nigeria
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1394
Language: Margi
Dialect: Lassa
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 151,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Other Sources:

   STAL
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x
v z ž ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: ts dz č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž x ɣ
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ ɮ
Vibrants: r
Glides: j ʔj w ʔw
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Tones: hi lo
Syntax: SVO
Number: 1395
Language: Margi
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 151,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Grammar: Hoffman, Carl. 1963. A Grammar of the Margi Language. London: Oxford Univ Press.
Consonant system:

   p pt t c k ʔ
b ɓ bd bɗ d ɗ ɟ ɡ
pts ts pč č
bdz dz bɡ̌ ɡ̌
f fs s fç š ç x
v vz z vj ̂ ž j ̂ ɣ
m n mñ ñ ŋ
    l ɬ bɮ
    ɮ
(v̊) r

Stops: p b ɓ pt bd bɗ t d ɗ c ɟ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: pts bdz ts dz pč bɡ̌ č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v fs vz s z š ž ç j ̂ fç vj ̂ x ɣ
Nasals: m n mñ ñ ŋ
Laterals: bɮ l ɬ ɮ
Vibrants: (v̊) r
Modified Consonants:

   Nc p b t d c ɟ k ɡ kʷ ɡʷ ts dz č ɡ̌ š ɬ
cʷ p b ɓ mb t nt k ɡ ŋk ŋɡ nts f v s x ɣ m ŋ ɬ

Glides: j ʔj w ʔw
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i ɛ
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u ɔ
Tones: hi lo ris (fall)
Number: 1396
Language: Kilba
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 80,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Other Sources: STAL
Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ž ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: ts dz č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž x ɣ h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ ɮ
Vibrants: r
Glides: j ʔj w ʔw
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄
Tones:

   hi lo

Number: 1397
Language: Higi
Dialect: Nkafa
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 203,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Other Sources:

   Mohrlang, Roger. 1971. "Vectors, Prosodies, and Higi Vowels," JAL 10, 75-86.
Mohrlang, Roger. 1972. Higi Phonology. Studies in Nigerian Languages, No. 2. Zaria: Institute of Linguistics.


Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x
v z ž ɣ
m n ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
v̊ r

Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: ts dz č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž x ɣ
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ ɮ
Vibrants: v̊ r
Modified Consonants:

   Nc p b t d k ɡ ts dz č ɡ̌
cj all but r
cʷ all but l

Glides: j w
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o
Syllable: (C)V
Tones: hi lo ris
Demonstratives: 2
Pronouns:

   1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP
Number: 1398
Language: Higi
Dialect: Baza
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 203,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Other Sources: STAL
Consonant system:

   p t k ʔ
b ɓ d ɗ ɡ
    ts č
    dz ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ž ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
    l ɬ
    ɮ
    r

Stops: p b ɓ t d ɗ k ɡ ʔ
Affricates: ts dz č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž x ɣ h
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ ɮ
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w ʔw
Vowel system:

   

Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u o
Tones:

   hi lo

Number: 1399
Language: Bana
Location: Cameroon
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Bura-Higi
Consonant system:

   




Number: 1400
Language: Sukur
Location: NE Nigeria (North-Eastern)
Population: 10,000
Classification: Afro-Asiatic: Chadic: Biu-Mandara: Group A: Bura-Mandara: Mandara-Matakam
Consonant system:

   




typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-nounnumber,typology-articles,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-syllable,typology-tones,typology-demonstrat,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-tones,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,
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