A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 1761

Language: Vafsi

Location: C Iran (Central)

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Central Iran

Consonant system:

Number: 1762

Language: Semnani

Location: Iran

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Semnani

Consonant system:

Number: 1763

Language: Sangisari

Location: Iran

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Semnani

Consonant system:

Number: 1764

Language: Gilaki

Location: Iran

Population: 3.2 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Caspian

Other Sources:

CTIL 6, 111.
OPYT

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ɣ
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f v s z š x ɣ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: ǝ a

Back Vowels: u o ɑ

Long Vowels: ī ū

Number: 1765

Language: Mazanderani

Location: N Iran

Population: 1.5 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Caspian

Other Sources:

CTIL 6, 111.
OPYT

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š x h
v z ɣ
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f v s z š x ɣ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Number: 1766

Language: Talysh

Location: Azerbaijan

Population: 1 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Talysh

Grammar:

Miller, B. V. 1953. Talyshskij jazyk. Moscow.
Pirejko, L. A. 1966. "Talyshskij jazyk," in JNS 1 302-22.

Other Sources: OPYT

Consonant system:

   p t c k
b d ɟ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š χ h
v z ž ʁ
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f v s z š ž χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e æ

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: u o ɑ

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Ergative: erg

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 1767

Language: Harzani

Location: Iran (W Azerbaijan)

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Talysh

Consonant system:

Number: 1768

Language: Zaza

Alternate Name: Kirmanjki

Location: Turkey (Tunceli)

Population: 1.5 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Zaza-Gorani

Other Sources: E

Consonant system:

Syntax: SOV

Number: 1769

Language: Gorani

Location: Iran (W Kordestan)

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Zaza-Gorani

Consonant system:

Number: 1770

Language: Baluchi

Dialect: Eastern

Location: S Pakistan

Population: 2 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Baluchi

Other Sources:

AL 7:8
OPYT

Consonant system:

   p p^h t t^h ṭ ṭ^h k k^h
b d ḍ ɡ
    č č^h
    ɡ̌
f θ s š x h
ð z ž ɣ
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p p^h b t t^h d ṭ ṭ^h ḍ k k^h ɡ

Affricates: č č^h ɡ̌

Fricatives: f θ ð s z š ž x ɣ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I æ

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄

Number: 1771

Language: Baluchi

Dialect: Western

Location: S Pakistan

Population: 2 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Baluchi

Dictionary: Gilbertson, G. W. 1925. English-Baluchi Colloquial Dictionary, 2 vols. Hertford.

Grammar:

Rastorgueva, V. S. 1960. Beludzhskij jazyk. Moscow.
Rastorgueva, V. S. 1966. "Beludzhskij jazyk," in JNS 1, 323-41.

TextBooks: Barker, Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman and Aqil Khan Mengal. 1969. A Course in Baluchi. Montreal: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies.

Other Sources:

AL 7:8
OPYT

Consonant system:

   p t ṭ k
b d ḍ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
(f) s š x h
v z ž ɣ
m n
    l
    ɾ ɾ̣

Stops: p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) v s z š ž x ɣ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ ɾ̣

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō (ı̃̄) ẽ̄ ã̄ (ũ̄) ȭ

Diphthongs: ǝj ǝw

Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,4,5)/N-POSS(3,6) D+Num+A+N

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 1772

Language: Bashkardi

Location: Iran

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Baluchi

Consonant system:

Number: 1773

Language: Kirmanji

Location: Syria

Population: 5 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish

Grammar: Bedir Khan, Emir Djeladet and Roger Lescot. 1970. Grammaire kurde. Paris: Maisonneuve.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k q
b d̪ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
m n̪
    l̪
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ q

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: æ

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3(mf) (6)
3m, 3f, 6 in oblique case only

Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 1774

Language: Kirmanji

Alternate Name: Kurdish

Location: Armenia

Population: 1.5 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish

Dictionary:

Kurdoev, K. K. 1960. Kurdsko-russkij slovar'. Moscow.
Farizov, I. O. 1957. Russko-kurdskij slovar'. Moscow.

Grammar:

Kurdov, K. K. 1957. Grammatika kurdskogo jazyka. Moscow: Academy of Sciences.
Bakaev, C. X. 1962. Govor kuidov Turkmenii. Moscow: Academy of Sciences.
Bakaev, C. X. 1965. Jazyk azerbajdzhanskix kurdov. Moscow: Nauka.
Bakaev, C. X. 1966. " Kurdskij jazyk," in JNS 1, 257-80.

Other Sources: OPYT

Consonant system:

   p p^h t t^h k k^h q
b d ɡ
    č č^h
    ɡ̌
m n
    l
    ɾ r

Stops: p p^h b t t^h d k k^h ɡ q

Affricates: č č^h ɡ̌

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e ø æ

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: u o ɒ

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1mf 4
2mf 5
3mf 6

Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 1775

Language: Kurdi

Location: Iraq

Population: 5 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish

Dictionary: McCarus, Ernest N. 1967. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Ann Arbor: Univ of Michigan Press.

TextBooks: Abdulla, Jamal Jalal and Ernest N. McCarus. 1967. Kurdish Basic Course. Ann Arbor: Univ of Michigan Press.

Other Sources: AL 7:8

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k q ʔ
b d̪ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s̪ (s^ɯ)(v) z̪
m n̪ ŋ
    l̪ l^ɯ
    ɾ r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ q ʔ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f (v) s̪ z̪ (s^ɯ

Nasals: m n̪ ŋ

Laterals: l̪ l^ɯ

Vibrants: ɾ r

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I

Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS D+N+A

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 1776

Language: Kurdi

Dialect: Mukri

Location: NW Iran

Population: 5 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish

Grammar: Ejjubi, K. R. and I. A. Smirnova. 1968. Kurdskij dialect mukri. Leningrad: Nauka.

Other Sources: OPYT

Consonant system:

   p t k q
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
m n
    l l^ɯ
    r r^ɯ

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l l^ɯ

Vibrants: r r^ɯ

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: I

Central Vowels: ǝ

Back Vowels: ʋ

Long Vowels: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄

Diphthongs: øe ua yi

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 1777

Language: Kermanshahi

Location: NW Iran (Kermanshahan)

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish

Consonant system:

Number: 1778

Language: Old Persian

Location: Iran

Population: c. 500 B.C.

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Southwest: Persian

Grammar: Kent, Roland G. 1953. Old Persian. New Haven: American Oriental Society.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
b d̪ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f θ s̪ ṣ š x h
    z̪
m n̪
    l
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f θ s̪ z̪ ṣ š x h

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Diphthongs: ai au āi āu

Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C) rˈ

Noun Number: s (d) p

Gender: m f n

Demonstratives: 2 + ref

Articles: (def)

Pronouns:

1 4
2
3 6

Syntax: SOV NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/(N-POSS)

Prep/Post: PREP/POST

Number: 1779

Language: Farsi

Alternate Name: Persian

Dialect: Tehran

Location: Iran

Population: 20 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Southwest: Persian

Grammar:

Mehan, M. n.d. Persian Grammar. Stockholm: Skriptor.
Rubinchik, Y. A. 1971. The Modern Persian Language. Moscow: Nauka.

TextBooks:

Obolensky, Serge, Kambiz Yazdan Panah and Fereidoun Khaje Nouri. 1963. Persian Basic Course. Washington D.C.: CAL.
Lambton, Ann K. S. 1967. Persian Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press.
Mace, John. 1969. Teach Yourself Modern Persian. London: English Universities Press.

Other Sources:

Scott, Charles T. 1964. "Syllable Structure in Tehran Persian," AL 6:1, 27-30.
OPYT

Consonant system:

   p^h t̪^h k^h
b d̪ ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š x (h)
v z ž ɣ
m n̪
    l
    ɾ

Stops: p^h b t̪^h d̪ k^h ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f v s z š ž x ɣ (h)

Nasals: m n̪

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: e æ

Back Vowels: o

Long Vowels: ī ū ɑ̄

Diphthongs: ei ai ui ou

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6
politeness: honorific pronouns (< nouns) for 1 2 3

Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS

Prep/Post: PREP/(POST)

Number: 1780

Language: Farsi

Alternate Name: Persian

Dialect: Dari

Location: N Afghanistan

Population: 20 million

Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Southwest: Persian

Grammar: Farhadi, A. G. 1955. Le persan parlé en Afghanistan. Paris: Klincksieck.

Other Sources:

Henderson, Michael M. T. 1975. "Diglossia in Kabul Persian Phonology," JAOS 95, 651-4.
Henderson, Michael M. T. 1978. "Modern Persian Verb Morphology,," JAOS 98, 375-88.

Consonant system:

   p t k q ʔ
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
f s š x h
    z ɣ
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q ʔ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f s z š x ɣ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u

Long Vowels: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄

Diphthongs: aj aw

Syntax: SOV