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A global linguistic database : Search within this database Total of 5736 records 287 pages
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Number: 1761
Language: Vafsi
Location: C Iran (Central)
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Central Iran
Number: 1762
Language: Semnani
Location: Iran
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Semnani
Number: 1763
Language: Sangisari
Location: Iran
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Semnani
Number: 1764
Language: Gilaki
Location: Iran
Population: 3.2 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Caspian
Other Sources: CTIL 6, 111. OPYT
Consonant system: p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š x h v z ɣ m n l r
Stops: p b t d k ɡ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š x ɣ h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u o ɑ
Long Vowels: ī ū
Number: 1765
Language: Mazanderani
Location: N Iran
Population: 1.5 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Caspian
Other Sources: CTIL 6, 111. OPYT
Consonant system: p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š x h v z ɣ m n l r
Stops: p b t d k ɡ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š x ɣ h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j
Front Vowels: i e ɛ
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o
Number: 1766
Language: Talysh
Location: Azerbaijan
Population: 1 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Talysh
Grammar: Miller, B. V. 1953. Talyshskij jazyk. Moscow. Pirejko, L. A. 1966. "Talyshskij jazyk," in JNS 1 302-22.
Other Sources: OPYT
Consonant system: p t c k b d ɟ ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š χ h v z ž ʁ m n l r
Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž χ ʁ h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j
Front Vowels: i e æ
Central Vowels: ǝ
Back Vowels: u o ɑ
Stress: final
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: def indef
Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N
Ergative: erg
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 1767
Language: Harzani
Location: Iran (W Azerbaijan)
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Talysh
Number: 1768
Language: Zaza
Alternate Name: Kirmanjki
Location: Turkey (Tunceli)
Population: 1.5 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Zaza-Gorani
Other Sources: E
Syntax: SOV
Number: 1769
Language: Gorani
Location: Iran (W Kordestan)
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Zaza-Gorani
Number: 1770
Language: Baluchi
Dialect: Eastern
Location: S Pakistan
Population: 2 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Baluchi
Other Sources: AL 7:8 OPYT
Consonant system: p ph t th ṭ ṭh k kh b d ḍ ɡ č čh ɡ̌ f θ s š x h ð z ž ɣ m n l r
Stops: p ph b t th d ṭ ṭh ḍ k kh ɡ
Affricates: č čh ɡ̌
Fricatives: f θ ð s z š ž x ɣ h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: I æ
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄
Number: 1771
Language: Baluchi
Dialect: Western
Location: S Pakistan
Population: 2 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Baluchi
Dictionary: Gilbertson, G. W. 1925. English-Baluchi Colloquial Dictionary, 2 vols. Hertford.
Grammar: Rastorgueva, V. S. 1960. Beludzhskij jazyk. Moscow. Rastorgueva, V. S. 1966. "Beludzhskij jazyk," in JNS 1, 323-41.
TextBooks: Barker, Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman and Aqil Khan Mengal. 1969. A Course in Baluchi. Montreal: McGill University, Institute of Islamic Studies.
Other Sources: AL 7:8 OPYT
Consonant system: p t ṭ k b d ḍ ɡ č ɡ̌ (f) s š x h v z ž ɣ m n l ɾ ɾ̣
Stops: p b t d ṭ ḍ k ɡ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: (f) v s z š ž x ɣ h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Vibrants: ɾ ɾ̣
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j
Front Vowels: I
Central Vowels: ǝ
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō (ı̃̄) ẽ̄ ã̄ (ũ̄) ȭ
Diphthongs: ǝj ǝw
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)
Stress: final
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: def indef
Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N(1,2,4,5)/N-POSS(3,6) D+Num+A+N
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 1772
Language: Bashkardi
Location: Iran
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Baluchi
Number: 1773
Language: Kirmanji
Location: Syria
Population: 5 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish
Grammar: Bedir Khan, Emir Djeladet and Roger Lescot. 1970. Grammaire kurde. Paris: Maisonneuve.
Consonant system: p t̪ k q b d̪ ɡ č ɡ̌ m n̪ l̪ r
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ q
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Nasals: m n̪
Laterals: l̪
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: æ
Central Vowels: ǝ
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō
Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)
Stress: final
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: def indef
Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3(mf) (6) 3m, 3f, 6 in oblique case only
Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 1774
Language: Kirmanji
Alternate Name: Kurdish
Location: Armenia
Population: 1.5 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish
Dictionary: Kurdoev, K. K. 1960. Kurdsko-russkij slovar'. Moscow. Farizov, I. O. 1957. Russko-kurdskij slovar'. Moscow.
Grammar: Kurdov, K. K. 1957. Grammatika kurdskogo jazyka. Moscow: Academy of Sciences. Bakaev, C. X. 1962. Govor kuidov Turkmenii. Moscow: Academy of Sciences. Bakaev, C. X. 1965. Jazyk azerbajdzhanskix kurdov. Moscow: Nauka. Bakaev, C. X. 1966. " Kurdskij jazyk," in JNS 1, 257-80.
Other Sources: OPYT
Consonant system: p ph t th k kh q b d ɡ č čh ɡ̌ m n l ɾ r
Stops: p ph b t th d k kh ɡ q
Affricates: č čh ɡ̌
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Vibrants: ɾ r
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i e ø æ
Central Vowels: ǝ
Back Vowels: u o ɒ
Stress: final
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: def indef
Pronouns: 1mf 4 2mf 5 3mf 6
Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 1775
Language: Kurdi
Location: Iraq
Population: 5 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish
Dictionary: McCarus, Ernest N. 1967. A Kurdish-English Dictionary. Ann Arbor: Univ of Michigan Press.
TextBooks: Abdulla, Jamal Jalal and Ernest N. McCarus. 1967. Kurdish Basic Course. Ann Arbor: Univ of Michigan Press.
Other Sources: AL 7:8
Consonant system: p t̪ k q ʔ b d̪ ɡ č ɡ̌ f s̪ (sɯ ) (v) z̪ m n̪ ŋ l̪ lɯ ɾ r
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ q ʔ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f (v) s̪ z̪ (sɯ
Nasals: m n̪ ŋ
Laterals: l̪ lɯ
Vibrants: ɾ r
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: I
Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō
Stress: final
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: def indef
Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS D+N+A
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 1776
Language: Kurdi
Dialect: Mukri
Location: NW Iran
Population: 5 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish
Grammar: Ejjubi, K. R. and I. A. Smirnova. 1968. Kurdskij dialect mukri. Leningrad: Nauka.
Other Sources: OPYT
Consonant system: p t k q b d ɡ č ɡ̌ m n l lɯ r rɯ
Stops: p b t d k ɡ q
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l lɯ
Vibrants: r rɯ
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: I
Central Vowels: ǝ
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄
Diphthongs: øe ua yi
Stress: final
Noun Number: s p
Gender: m f
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: def indef
Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 1777
Language: Kermanshahi
Location: NW Iran (Kermanshahan)
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Northwest: Kurdish
Number: 1778
Language: Old Persian
Location: Iran
Population: c. 500 B.C.
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Southwest: Persian
Grammar: Kent, Roland G. 1953. Old Persian. New Haven: American Oriental Society.
Consonant system: p t̪ k b d̪ ɡ č ɡ̌ f θ s̪ ṣ š x h z̪ m n̪ l r
Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f θ s̪ z̪ ṣ š x h
Nasals: m n̪
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Diphthongs: ai au āi āu
Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C) rˈ
Noun Number: s (d) p
Gender: m f n
Demonstratives: 2 + ref
Articles: (def)
Syntax: SOV NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/(N-POSS)
Prep/Post: PREP/POST
Number: 1779
Language: Farsi
Alternate Name: Persian
Dialect: Tehran
Location: Iran
Population: 20 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Southwest: Persian
Grammar: Mehan, M. n.d. Persian Grammar. Stockholm: Skriptor. Rubinchik, Y. A. 1971. The Modern Persian Language. Moscow: Nauka.
TextBooks: Obolensky, Serge, Kambiz Yazdan Panah and Fereidoun Khaje Nouri. 1963. Persian Basic Course. Washington D.C.: CAL. Lambton, Ann K. S. 1967. Persian Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press. Mace, John. 1969. Teach Yourself Modern Persian. London: English Universities Press.
Other Sources: Scott, Charles T. 1964. "Syllable Structure in Tehran Persian," AL 6:1, 27-30. OPYT
Consonant system: ph t̪h kh b d̪ ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š x (h) v z ž ɣ m n̪ l ɾ
Stops: ph b t̪h d̪ kh ɡ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f v s z š ž x ɣ (h)
Nasals: m n̪
Laterals: l
Vibrants: ɾ
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j
Front Vowels: e æ
Back Vowels: o
Long Vowels: ī ū ɑ̄
Diphthongs: ei ai ui ou
Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)(C)
Stress: final
Noun Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Articles: indef
Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 politeness: honorific pronouns (< nouns) for 1 2 3
Syntax: SOV NA NG DN NUM-N N-POSS
Prep/Post: PREP/(POST)
Number: 1780
Language: Farsi
Alternate Name: Persian
Dialect: Dari
Location: N Afghanistan
Population: 20 million
Classification: Indo-Hittite: Indo-European: Indo-Iranian: Iranian: Southwest: Persian
Grammar: Farhadi, A. G. 1955. Le persan parlé en Afghanistan. Paris: Klincksieck.
Other Sources: Henderson, Michael M. T. 1975. "Diglossia in Kabul Persian Phonology," JAOS 95, 651-4. Henderson, Michael M. T. 1978. "Modern Persian Verb Morphology,," JAOS 98, 375-88.
Consonant system: p t k q ʔ b d ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š x h z ɣ m n l r
Stops: p b t d k ɡ q ʔ
Affricates: č ɡ̌
Fricatives: f s z š x ɣ h
Nasals: m n
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: ī ē ū ō ɑ̄
Diphthongs: aj aw
Syntax: SOV
typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-ergative,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-syntax,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-syllable,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-alternaten,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-dictionary,typology-textbooks,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-dialect,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-othersourc,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-modifiedco,typology-glides,typology-vowels,typology-frontvowel,typology-centralvow,typology-backvowels,typology-longvowels,typology-diphthongs,typology-stress,typology-nounnumber,typology-gender,typology-demonstrat,typology-articles,typology-pronouns,typology-syntax,typology-preppost,typology-language,typology-location,typology-classifica,typology-consonants,typology-language,typology-location,typology-population,typology-classifica,typology-grammar,typology-consonants,typology-stops,typology-affricates,typology-fricatives,typology-nasals,typology-laterals,typology-vibrants,typology-glides,typology-vowe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