A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 1941

Language: Uighur

Alternate Name: Uyghur

Location: W China (Sinkiang)

Population: 4 million

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Eastern

Dictionary:

Jarring, G. 1964. An Eastern Turki-English Dictionary. Lund.
Nadzhip, E.N. 1968. Ujgursko-russkij slovar. Moscow: Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija.

Grammar: Kaidarov, A.T. 1966. "Ujgurskij (novoujgskij) jazyk," in JNS 2, 363-86.

Other Sources:

Sadvakasov, G. 1970, 1976. Jazyk ujgurov ferganskoj doliny, 2 vols. Alma-Ata: Nauka.
WALS

Consonant system:

   p t k q
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    ɡ̌
f s ̪ š χ h
v z̪ ž ʁ
m n N
    l̪
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q

Affricates: t^s č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f v s̪ z̪ š ž χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n N

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø æ

Back Vowels: u o ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2* 5
*3 *6
*Politeness: + 2 pol

Syntax: SOV

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Comments: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Number: 1942

Language: Uzbek

Location: Uzbekistan

Population: 10 million

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Eastern

Dictionary:

Waterson, Natalie. 1980. Uzbek-English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford Univ Press.
Russko-uzbekskij slovar'. 1954. Moscow.
Uzbeksko-russkij slovar'. 1959. Moscow.

Grammar:

Sjöberg, A. F. 1963. Uzbek Structural Grammar. The Hague.
Kononov, A.N. 1960. Grammatika sovremennogo uzbekskogo literaturnovo jazyka. Leningrad: Academy of Sciences.
Reshetov, V.V. 1966. "Uzbekskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 340-62.

TextBooks: Raun, Alo. 1969. Basic Course in Uzbek. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.

Other Sources:

Wurm, Stefan. 1947. "The Uzbek Dialect of Qı̈zı̈l Qujaš ," BSOAS 12, 86-105.
Sjoberg, Andree F. 1962. "The Phonology of Standard Uzbek," in ASAL, 237-61.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k q
b d̪ ɡ
   (t^s) č
    ɡ̌
ɸ s š χ h
    z (ž) ʁ
m n̪ ŋ
    l̪
    ɾ

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ q

Affricates: (t^s) č ɡ̌

Fricatives: ɸ s z š (ž) χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n̪ ŋ

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: ɾ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o ɒ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS Num+A+N

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1943

Language: Salar

Alternate Name: Yellow Uighur

Location: WC China (Qinghai)

Population: 39,000(35,000)

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Eastern

Dictionary: GD: Tenishev, E.R. 1976. Stroj salarskogo jazyka. Moscow: Nauka.

Consonant system:

   p p^h t t^h k k^h q q^h
    (č̣) (č̣^h) č č^h
f s s^h (ṣ̌) š x χ h
v
m n ŋ
    l l^ɯ
    r

Stops: p p^h t t^h k k^h q q^h

Affricates: (č̣) (č̣^h) č č^h

Fricatives: f v s s^h (ṣ̌) š x χ h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l l^ɯ

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Long Vowels: (v̄)

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: VH

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS D+Num+N

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1944

Language: Bashkir

Location: EC Russia (Bashkir ASSR)

Population: 1.3 million

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Western

Dictionary:

Bashkirsko-russkij slovar'. 1958. Moscow.
Karimova. G.R. 1954. Russko-bashkirskij slovar'. Moscow.

Grammar:

Poppe, Nicholas. 1964. Bashkir Manual. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.
Juldashev, A.A. 1966. " Bashkirskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 173-93.

Consonant system:

   p^h t^h k^h q^h (ʔ)
b d ɡ
    (t^s) (č)
(f) θ s š x h
(v) ð z (ž) ʁ
m n ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p^h b t^h d k^h ɡ q^h (ʔ)

Affricates: (t^s) (č)

Fricatives: (f) (v) θ ð s z š (ž) x ʁ h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø ɛ

Back Vowels: ʋ o ɤ ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2+ref

Articles: indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS D+Num+A+N

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1945

Language: Karachay

Location: SW Russia (Kirghiz SSR)

Population: 173,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Western

Grammar: Xabichev, M.A. 1966. "Karachaevo-balkarskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 213-33.

Other Sources:

Hebert, Raymond J. 1962. "Karačay phonology,'' in ASAL, 97-113.
Aliev, U.B. 1972. Sintaksis karachaevo-balkarskogo jazyka. Moscow: Nauka.

Consonant system:

   p t k q
b d ɡ
    (t^s) č
ɡ̌
(f) s š x χ h
(v) z ž ʁ
m n ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q

Affricates: (t^s) č ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) (v) s z š ž x χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1946

Language: Karaim

Dialect: Trakaj

Location: Lithuania

Population: 600 (400)

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Western

Grammar:

Musaev, K.M. 1964. Grammatika karaimskogo jazyka. Moscow: Nauka.
Musaev, K.M. 1966. "Karaimskij jazyka," in JNS 2, 260-79.

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    č
    ɡ̌
̆̆(f) s s̄ χ h
(v) z (ž) ʁ
m n N
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: č ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) (v) s z s̄ (ž) χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n N

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2+ref

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SVO/SOV AN NG DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Comments: The Karaim....are by religion (though not ethnically) Jews, a unique survival of the adoption of Judaism as the official religion of the Khazar Empire. LSU, 47.

Number: 1947

Language: Karaim

Dialect: Galits

Location: S Ukraine

Population: 600 (200)

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Western

Dictionary: Baskakov, N.A., A. Zajonchkovskij and C.M. Shapshal, eds. 1974. Karaimsko-russko-pol'skij slovar'. Moscow: Russkij Jazyk.

Consonant system:

   p t k
b d ɡ
    t^s
    d^z
(f) s (š) χ h
(v) z ʁ
m n
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ

Affricates: t^s d^z

Fricatives: (f) (v) s z (š) χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i e

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2+ref

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1948

Language: Kumyk

Location: SW Russia (Daghestan ASSR)

Population: 186,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Western

Grammar: Magomedov, A.G. 1966. "Kumykskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 194-212.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k q
b d̪ ɡ
    (t̪^s) č
    (ɡ̌)
f s̪ š x h
v z̪ ž ɣ
m n ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ q

Affricates: (t̪^s) č (ɡ̌)

Fricatives: f v s̪ z̪ š ž x ɣ h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø

Central Vowels: (ǝ)

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1949

Language: Tatar

Dialect: Central

Location: WC Russia (Tatar ASSR)

Population: 6 million(1.5 million)

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Western

Dictionary:

Russko-tatarskij slovar'. 1955-58. Kazan'.
Tatarsko-russkij slovar'. 1966. Moscow: Sovetsskaja Entsilopedija.

Grammar:

DG: Poppe, Nicholas. 1963. Tatar Manual. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.
Zakiev, M.Z. 1966. "Tatarskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 139-54.

Consonant system:

   p t k (q) ʔ
b d ɡ (G)
    (t^s) č
    ɡ̌
f s š x h
(v) z ž
m n N
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ (q) (G) ʔ

Affricates: (t^s) č ɡ̌

Fricatives: f (v) s z š ž x h

Nasals: m n N

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø æ

Back Vowels: u o ɤ ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Articles: def indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS D+Num+A+N

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1950

Language: Baraba

Location: SC Russia (SW Siberia)

Population: 5 million (8,000)

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Western

Grammar: Dmitrieva, L.V. 1966. "Jazyk barabinskix tatar," in JNS 2, 155-72.

Consonant system:

   p t k q
b d ɡ G
    t^s
(f) s š χ (h)
(v) (z) (ž)
m n N
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q G

Affricates: t^s

Fricatives: (f) (v) s (z) š (ž) χ (h)

Nasals: m n N

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y ɛ ø

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1951

Language: Crimean Tatar

Alternate Name: Crimean Turkish

Location: Uzbekistan

Population: 460,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Western

Consonant system:

Ergative:

Prep/Post:

Number: 1952

Language: Nogai

Alternate Name: Noghay

Location: SW Russia (N Caucasus)

Population: 52,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Central

Dictionary:

Baskakov, N.A. ed. 1956. Russko-nogajskij slovar'. Moscow.
Baskakov, N.A. ed. 1962. Nogajsko-russkij slovar'. Moscow.

Grammar:

Baskakov, N.A. 1966. "Nogajskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 280-300.
Baskakov, N.A. ed. 1973. Grammatika nogajskogo jazyka. Cherkessk.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k q
b d̪
    (t̪^s) (č)
(f) s̪ š x
(v) z̪ ž ɣ ʁ
m n̪ N
    l̪
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k q

Affricates: (t̪^s) (č)

Fricatives: (f) (v) s̪ z̪ š ž x ɣ ʁ

Nasals: m n̪ N

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø (æ)

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS Num+A+N

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1953

Language: Karakalpak

Location: Uzbekistan

Population: 230,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Central

Dictionary:

Baskakov, N.A. ed. 1947. Russko-karakalpakskij slovar'. Moscow.
Baskakov, N.A. ed. 1958. Karakalpaksko-russkij slovar'. Moscow.

Grammar:

GD: Baskakov, N.A. 1951, 1952. Karakalpakskij jazyk, 2 vols. Moscow: Academy of Sciences.
Baskakov, N.A. 1966. "Karakalpakskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 301-19.

Other Sources: Wurm, S. 1951. "The Karakalpak Language," Anthropos 46.

Consonant system:

   p t k q
b d ɡ
    (t^s) (č)
(f) s š χ h
(v) z ž ʁ
m n N
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q

Affricates: (t^s) (č)

Fricatives: (f) (v) s z š ž χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n N

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø æ

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2+ref

Pronouns:

1 4
2* 5
*3 *6
*Politeness: +2 pol

Syntax: SOV AN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1954

Language: Kazakh

Location: Kazakhstan

Population: 5 million

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Central

Dictionary:

Musabaev, G.G. and X.X. Maxmudov. 1954. Kazaxsko-russkij slovar'. Alma-Ata.

Grammar:

Sovremennyj kazaxskij jazyk. 1962. Alma-Ata.
Kenesbaev, S.K. and N.B. Karasheva. 1966. "Kazaxskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 320-39.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k q
b d̪ ɡ
    (t^s) (č)
(f) s̪ š χ h
(v) z̪ ž ʁ
m n N
    l
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ q

Affricates: (t^s) (č)

Fricatives: (f) (v) s̪ z̪ š ž χ ʁ h

Nasals: m n N

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø æ

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Articles: indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2* 5*
*3 *6
*Politeness: +2 pol, 5 pol

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1955

Language: Kirghiz

Location: Kyrgyzstan

Population: 1.5 million

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Central

Dictionary:

Jadaxin, K.K 1965. Kirgizsko-russkij slovar'. Moscow.
DG: Hebert, Raymond J. and Nicholas Poppe. 1963. Kirghiz Manual. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.

Grammar:

Junusaliev, B.M. 1966. "Kirgizskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 482-505.
Wurm, Stefan. 1949. "The (Rara-) Kirghiz Language," BSOAS 13, 97-120.

Consonant system:

   p t k q
b d ɡ
    t^s č
    ɡ̌
(f) s š (x)
β z (ž) ʁ
m n N
    l
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q

Affricates: t^s č ɡ̌

Fricatives: β (f) s z š (ž) (x) ʁ

Nasals: m n N

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø

Central Vowels: ɨ a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 4 [this visible/that visible/ this invisible/ that invisible]+ref

Articles: indef

Pronouns:

1 4
2* 5*
*3 *6
*Politeness: 2&5 each shows a polite/familiar distinction

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS Num+A+N

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1956

Language: Yakut

Location: NE Russia (Yakut ASSR)

Population: 285,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Northern: Yakut

Dictionary:

Afanatsev, P.S. and L.N. Xaritonov, eds. 1968. Russko-jakutskij slovar'. Moscow: Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija.
Sleptsov, P.A., ed. 1972. Jakutsko-russkij slovar'. Moscow: Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija.

Grammar:

Krueger, John R. 1962. Yakut Manual. Bloomington: Indiana Univ.
Ubrjatova, E.I. 1966. "Jakutskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 403-27.

Other Sources: WPF

Consonant system:

   (p^h) t^h k^h
b d ɡ
    č^h
    ɡ̌
    s (š) χ (h)
    ʁ
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    r

Stops: (p^h) b t^h d k^h ɡ

Affricates: č^h ɡ̌

Fricatives: s (š) χ ʁ (h)

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄ all but b d ɡ ʁ r j j̃

Glides: j ȷ̃

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y ɛ œ

Back Vowels: u ɯ ɔ ɑ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Diphthongs: ɯɑ ie uo yø

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1957

Language: Dolgan

Location: NE Russia (Yakut ASSR)

Population: 5,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Northern: Yakut

Consonant system:

Ergative:

Prep/Post:

Number: 1958

Language: Khakas

Location: SC Russia (Khakas A.O.)

Population: 56,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Northern: Tuva-Altai

Dictionary: Chankova, D.I., ed. 1961. Russko-xakasskij slovar'. Moscow.

Grammar: Karpov, V.G. 1966. "Xakasskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 428-45.

Consonant system:

   p t̪ k
b d̪ ɡ
    (t̪^s) č
    ɡ̌
(f) s̪ (š) χ
(v) z̪ (ž) ʁ
m n̪ N
    l̪
    r

Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ

Affricates: (t̪^s) č ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) (v) s̪ z̪ (š) (ž) χ ʁ

Nasals: m n̪ N

Laterals: l̪

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y I e ø

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Long Vowels: v̄ all but I

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1959

Language: Altai

Location: SC Russia (Altai Krai)

Population: 50,000

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Northern: Tuva-Altai

Dictionary:

Baskakov, N.A., ed. 1964. Russko-altajskij slovar'. Moscow: Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija.
Baskakov, N.A. and T.M. Toshchakova. 1947. Ojrotsko-russkij slovar'. Moscow.

Grammar:

Baskakov, N.A. 1958. Altajskij jazyk. Moscow: Academy of Sciences.
Baskakov, N.A. 1966. "Altajskij jazyk," in JNS 2, 506-22.

Other Sources: Simpson, C.G. 1955. Some Features of the Morphology of the Oirot (Gorno-Altai) Language. London: Central Asian Research Centre.

Consonant system:

   p t k q
b d ɡ
    (t̪^s) č
    ɡ̌
(f) s š (x)
(v) z ž ʁ
m n ŋ
    l ʎ
    r

Stops: p b t d k ɡ q

Affricates: (t̪^s) č ɡ̌

Fricatives: (f) (v) s z š ž (x) ʁ

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l ʎ

Vibrants: r

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 3

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST

Number: 1960

Language: Northern Altai

Dialect: Kumandy

Location: SC Russia

Population: 16,000 (7,000)

Classification: Altaic: Turkic: Common Turkic: Northern: Tuva-Altai

Grammar: Baskakov, N.A. 1972. Dialekt kumandintsev (Kumandy-Kizhi) Moscow: Nauka.

Consonant system:

p t k ɡ
č
s š
m n ŋ
l
r

Stops: p t k ɡ

Affricates: č

Fricatives: s š

Nasals: m n ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: r

Modified Consonants: c̄

Glides: j

Vowel system:

Front Vowels: i y e ø

Back Vowels: u ɯ o ɑ

Long Vowels: v̄ all

Syllable: (C)V(C)(C)

Stress: final

Noun Number: s p

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
*3 *6

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS

Ergative:

Prep/Post: /POST